水准测量数据处理的二则方法

通过对大量的实测数据计算统计分析表明：在三、四、五等水准测量时，利用上丝和下丝读数同时参与测站高差的计算以及在内业平差计算时同时顾及各测段之间测站数和距离两者的关系，能有效提高其成果质量。     

数字地图的接边方法研究

为解决我国数字化测图生产中数字地图的相邻图幅自动接边的难题,本文提出了一种可适用于微机的数字地图的接边方法——要素分类接边法。该方法分三步完成接边:(1)提取接边要素对;(2)接边要素对自动分类接边;(3)分幅剪辑与拼接。生产试验说明,这种接边方法可适用于各种大小比例尺的数字地图接边,可达到较高的自动化程度,接边效果满意。     

基于DEM的遥感数据复原方法研究

介绍了一种基于数字高程模型（DEM）的遥感数据复原新方法。此方法将地形因子作为最主要的作用因子，不考虑卫星传感过程中的随机影响。首先，根据基础地理数据，按其等高线层生成DEM； 然后，利用DEM，通过实测样点、DEM和经过纠正的遥感数据的信息融合，进行遥感数据中像元样点的坡度、坡向分析，建立DEM与遥感信息的相关关系模型，以数学统计方法描述地形因子对遥感数据的作用机理； 最后，进行逐像元的遥感信息复原(归一化)。结果表明，该方法具有较好的信息复原效果，可消除或减少地形对遥感数据的影响，增强遥感技术在山区复杂地形下的实用性。     

USE OF SPACE PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE MAKING AND REVISION OF SMALL-SCALE MAPS

A brief review paper focuses on Soviet strategies for the use of space imagery, particularly photographic products (1:2,000,000 to 1:4,200,000 scale) from manned spaceflights, in the revision of small-scale general reference maps. Principles for the interpretation and mapping of basic map elements appearing on space photographs are outlined. Space photographs provide for reduction in time spent in map editing and the more correct analysis of the reliability of information and its generalization. A technology of map revision based on the joint use of original photographs and photomaps, with the transfer of revisions from photomaps to map originals, is proposed. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 8, pp. 29-33.     

数字城市规划的空间数据基础探讨

分析了表达单一独立空间对象的数据与表达关联空间对象的数据在空间构成和拓扑关系方面的特征,形成了城市规划数字式信息的三个层次,提出了针对不同类型数字规划信息所采取的不同操作方式.     

从数字深圳看三维城市模型数据生产流程及技术

分析了在数字深圳工程中三维城市模型数据的生产流程及技术，从三维地物模型航测数据的采集开始，至最后工作区的合并与数据的提交，说明了数字城市雏形的建设过程。     

THE ACCURACY OF VISUAL DETERMINATIONS OF STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS FROM MAPS

The authors address a range of issues connected with the visual representation and interpretation of statistical data on maps. Attention is focused on common behaviors of map users in determinations of various characteristics of map symbols. Results are reported from experiments testing the relationship between the accuracy of obtaining quantitative information on a map with the total number of symbols and number of scale levels [size classes] employed, the use (or non-use) of color in the symbolization scheme, etc. Translated by Larry Richardson, Los Angeles, CA 90039 from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1989, No. 4, pp. 345–351.     

成都市GPS改扩建网的数据处理与精度分析

本文首先简要介绍了成都市平面坐标系统,分析了原坐标系统的局限性,其次详细介绍了应用GPS技术建立成都市C级控制网的工程实例,重点对改扩建的控制网布网方案、数据处理方法及精度进行了分析和研究,并对C级GPS网成果与原城市控制网成果进行了兼容性检验。     

ON LINE DATA PROCESSING FOR THE PI-1A MONOCOMPARATOR USING THE BBC MICROCOMPUTER

The use of small computers for on line data processing in photogrammetry has developed from the desktop calculators of the early 1970s to the microcomputers of today. The restrictions of machine code programming, small memory and limited display have been overcome. Software has been written for the PI-1A monocomparator using the BBC microcomputer for a calibration test, relative orientation, and strip formation and adjustment in the on line mode. This low cost system is suitable for training inexperienced operators or students in analytical photogrammetry, with the sequence of observation guided by operator prompts and with error checking computations displayed. Re-observations can be made on line and acceptable observations stored for input to the strip adjustment program or subsequent block adjustment.     

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING IN THE COMPILATION OF LUNAR PHOTOMAPS

A method of compiling lunar thematic photomaps is described, in which telescopically derived photometric data, representing the map theme of albedo variation, is portrayed on a topographic base map prepared from scanner data obtained from a space probe. Digital image processing is employed in a wide range of tasks including data averaging and filtration, and grid and scale transformation. Two maps, representing different versions of final output, are provided: a map with albedo variation displayed according to the shaded-isoline technique, and one in which numerical values are printed over a grid of control points. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1985, No. 1, pp. 38-44.     

REVISION OF ORDNANCE SURVEY 1:2500 SCALE MAPS

With the completion of its programme to produce a national series of 1:2500 scale maps of rural areas, the Ordnance Survey is now faced with the major task of maintaining it up to date and making the revision information available to map users. The organisation and techniques for this are discussed, as are a number of innovations which are being considered.

Résumé

Avec l'achèvement du programme de réalisation de la série cartographique nationale à l'échelle du 1:2500 des régions rurales, l'Ordnance Survey doit maintenant faire face au maintien à jour de cette série et à la mise à disposition des usagers des données de révision, ce qui va constituer sa tâche principale. Une discussion sur l'organisation et les techniques correspondantes est fournie, prenant en compte l'examen de nombreuses innovations.

Zusammenfassung

Nach Fertigstellung der Kane 1:2500 von ländlichen Gebieten besteht für den Ordnance Survey jetzt die Aufgabe, diese Karte laufend zu halten und die Ergänzungen den Kartennutzern bereitzusteller. Diskussion der Organisation und Verfahren dafür sowie einiger Neuerungen, die in Erwägung gezogen werden.     

遥感与化探数据融合处理技术方法及应用研究

遥感找矿信息与化探异常之间存在套合和藕合两种空间关系，通过数据融合处理，可以对其相关性作出正确的识别和判断，以达到综合找矿的目的。基于此，笔者以东天山地区作为试验区，进行了遥感与化探数据融合处理的技术方法研究及试验应用。     

应用数字图像处理技术处理数字高程模型数据和与数字高程模型数据相结合的遥感信息

本文介绍了数字图像处理技术在处理数字高程模型数据和遥感信息与数字高程模型数据相结 合的综合分析方面的应用；说明了实现人工阴影和人工立体观察像对的方法的基本原理及其在处 理数字高程模型数据上的应用；介绍了为提高遥感图像的可解译性,把遥感信息与数字高程模型 相结合,制作遥感图像的人工立体观察像对和立体透视图像的方法技术。     

A CRITERION FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF CARTOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS USED FOR WORLD MAPS

The author develops a criterion for assessment of the quality of projections used for world maps which incorporates measures of mean square distortions of line lengths in principal directions about a point and the relationship of angular and areal distortion (in equal measure, or depending upon the requirements of particular types of maps). Translated from: Izvestiya vysshykh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Geodeziya i aerofotos”yemka, 1987, No. 3, pp. 109-112.     

DATA PROCESSING METHODS FOR AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHS

Using modern techniques, the analysis of amateur photographs yields results with almost the same accuracy level as with metric photographs. This paper gives a classification of data processing techniques for amateur photographs and presents a well proven method for the treatment of existing amateur photographs, known as Metric Photo Perspective Transformation (MPPT). Data processing is particularly convenient and efficient if on line techniques are used. Operational procedures for the treatment of additional parameters and for the detection of blunders in a time critical on line triangulation system are proposed.