THEORETIC RESEARCH ON ROBUSTIFIED LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR BASED ON EQUIVALENT VARIANCE-COVARIANCE

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｄａｔａａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ ,ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｉａｎｓｐｏｉｎｔｏｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｏｕｔ ｌｉｅｒｓｉｎ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅａｎｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｒｅａｐ ｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ 1 %＿1 0 %[1 ] .Ｏｕｔｌｉｅｒｓａｌｗａｙｓａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｎｅｓｓｏｆｒｅｓｕｌｔ.ＴｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆＬｅａｓｔＳｑｕａｒｅｉｓｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅｔｏｏｕｔｌｉ…     

SOME ISSUES ON URBAN CENSUS GIS DESIGNING

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅ 5ｔｈＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｅｎｓｕｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａｗａｓｃｏｍ ｍｅｎｃｅｄｏｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ 1ｓｔ 2 0 0 0 .Ｉｔｉｓｗｅｌｌ＿ｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｃｅｎｓｕｓｄａｔａａｒｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｖｅｒｙｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｓｅｒｖｅｍａｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃａｌｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｖａｌｕａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ＿ｍａｋｉｎｇｏｆｌｏｃａｌｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｅｖｅｎ ｐｒｉｖａｔｅｓｅｃｔｏｒｓ .Ｂｙ…     

THE 8th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GEODBTIC COMPUTATION

The 8th International Symposium on Geodetic Computation will be held in Wuhan,China, from May 8 to 11, 1990 and will be organized by Chinese Society of Geodesy,Photogrammetry and Cartography (CSGPC), and co-sponsored by International Associ-ation of Geodesy (IAG), National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China (NBSM).     

RESEARCH ON LASER RANGE SCANNING AND ITS APPLICATION

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｌａｓｅｒｒａｎｇｅｓｃａｎｎｅｒ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｏｎｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅｈｉｇｈａｎｄｎｅｗｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎ ｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ,ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍａｋｉｎｇ ｇｒｅａｔｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｒｅａｌ＿ｔｉｍｅａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｕｌｔｉ＿ｌｅｖｅｌｏｆ 3Ｄｓｐａｔｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔ.Ａｉｒｂｏｒｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｔｈｅｒｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｓｕｃｈａｓＧＰＳ ,ＩＮＳ …     

A CADASTRAL SPATIAL DATA STORAGE STRUCTURE BASED ON RELATIONAL DATABASE

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｄａｓｔｒａｌｍａｐｓａｎｄｃａｄａｓｔｒａｌａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓａｒｅｔｈｅｃｏｒｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｃａｄａｓｔｒａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｍａｎａｇｅ ｍｅｎｔ .ＳｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｃａｄａｓｔｒａｌｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｅｍｐｌｏｙＧＩＳｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ (ｉ.ｅ .Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ ,Ａｒ ｃｖｉｅｗｏｒＭａｐｔｉｔｕｄｅｅｔｃ .)ｔｏｍａｎａｇｅｃａｄａｓｔｒａｌｍａｐｓａｎｄｕｓｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎａｌｄａｔａｂａｓｅ (ｅ .ｇ .ＳＱＬ…     

STUDY ON SAMPLING INSPECTION SCHEME TO DIGITAL PRODUCTS IN GIS

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｐａｔｉａｌｄａｔａｉｓｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃＩｎｆｏｒ ｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ (ＧＩＳ)ａｎｄｎｏｎ＿ｓｐａｔｉａｌｄａｔａｉｓｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｃｅｌｌ.Ｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｄａｔａａｆｆｅｃｔｓｇｒｅａｔｌｙｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｐｒａｃ ｔｉｃａｌｔａｒｇｅｔｉｎＧＩＳ .Ｔｈｅｑｕａｌ…     

ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL GIS WORKSHOP ON ANTARCTIC KING GEORGE ISLAND

Ｗｉｔｈｒａｐｉｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎｋｉｎｄｈｏｐｅｓｔｏｓｅｒｖｅｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｂｙｍａｓｔｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｌａｗ .ＣｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓａｌｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｓｅｔｍｕｃｈｖａｌｕｅｏｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａａｎｄｈａｖｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｐｌｅｎｔｙａｎｄｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ.Ｓｏａｓｔｏｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｍ…     

ON THE EVALUATION OF DEFLECTIONS OF THE VERTICAL USING FFT TECHNIQUE

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｆａｓｔＦｏｕｒｉｅｒｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍ (ＦＦＴ)ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｉｓａｖｅｒｙｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｔｏｏｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｒａｖｉｔｙｆｉｅｌｄｃｏｎｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌｓ.Ｔｈａｎｋｓｔｏｔｈｅｇｏｏｄｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ ,ｔｈｅＦＦＴｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄ＿1 980ｓ ,ｂｅｇａｎｔｏｆｉｎｄｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅａｄｕｓｅｉｎｇｅｏｉｄｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｅｎｃｏｍｐａｒ…     

THE ATTRACTION OF THE “COMPENSATION” ON THE PRATT HYPOTHESIS

Abstract

In the last issue there was given an outline of modern theories on crustal equilibrium. The assumption as to uniform attenuation of matter beneath an elevated station suggests that an explanation of a means for calculating this “compensation” would be desirable; the complete technical procedure used by those actually engaged on work of this nature could be described by themselves alone.     

AUTO-IDENTIFICATION OF FOREST FIRE-POINTS IN NOAA IMAGES BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｏｒｅｓｔｆｉｒｅ＿ｐｏｉｎｔｓｉｎＮＯＡＡｉｍａｇｅｓｉｓｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｆｏｒｅｓｔｆｉｒｅｕｓｉｎｇＮＯＡＡｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｄａｔａ .Ｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｏｆｉ ｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｖｉｓｕａｌｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｂｙｔｈｅｖｉｓｕａｌｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ ,ｂｅｔｔｅｒｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｉｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎｐｒａｃ ｔｉｃｅ,ｂｕｔｅｘｐｅｒｉｅ…     

STATEMENT ON JOINING“WANFANG DATA——DIGITIZED PERIODICAL GROUP”

Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｚｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｅｄｉｔｉｎｇ ,ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇａｎｄｉｓｓｕｉｎｇｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｅｒｉｏｄｉ ｃａｌｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｏａｄｖａｎｃｅｔｈｅｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｃｈａｎｇｅ,ｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｗｊｏｉｎｅｄ“ＷａｎｆａｎｇＤａｔａ———ＤｉｇｉｔｉｚｅｄＰｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｌＧｒｏｕｐ” .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ…     

DATABASE STRUCTURE FOR THE INTEGRATION OF RS WITH GIS BASED ON SEMANTIC NETWORK

1　ＴｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＲＳｗｉｔｈＧＩＳＴｈｅｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇ (ＲＳ)ｗｉｔｈｇｅｏ ｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ (ＧＩＳ)ｉｓａｈｏｔｓｐｏｔｉｎｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ .ＴｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＲＳｗｉｔｈＧＩＳ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＰｒｏｆ.ＬｉＤｅｒｅｎ ,ｉｓｔｈａｔＲＳｉｓｔｈｅｗａｙｔｏｏｂｔａｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａ ｔｉ…     

STATE MENT ON JOINING“WANFANG DATA——DIGITIZED PERIODICAL GROUP”

Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｚｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｅｄｉｔｉｎｇ ,ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇａｎｄｉｓｓｕｉｎｇｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｅｒｉｏｄｉ ｃａｌｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｏａｄｖａｎｃｅｔｈｅｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｃｈａｎｇｅ ,ｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｗｊｏｉｎｅｄ“ＷａｎｆａｎｇＤａｔａ———ＤｉｇｉｔｉｚｅｄＰｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｌＧｒｏｕｐ” .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒ…     

FRAMEWORKS FOR GENERALIZATION CONSTRAINTS AND OPERATIONS BASED ON OBJECT-ORIENTED DATA STRUCTURE IN DATABASE GENERALIZATION

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤａｔａｂａｓｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｓｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆａｓｐａｔｉａｌｄａｔａｂａｓｅｆｒｏｍｈｉｇｈｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ (ｗｉｔｈｍｏｒｅｄｅｔａｉｌ)ｔｏａｌｏｗｅｒｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ (ｗｉｔｈｌｅｓｓｄｅｔａｉｌ)ｔｅｒｒａｉｎｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ(Ｍｏｌｅｎａａｒ ,1 996 ) .Ｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｗｏｒｄｓ ,ｔｈｉｓｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａ ｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｅｅｍｅｄａｓｃｈａｎｇｉｎ…     

SEMIAUTOMATIC BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM STEREO IMAGE PAIR BASED ON LINES GROUPING AND LEAST SQUARES MATCHING

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｍａｎｙｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｄｉｇｉｔａｌｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｍ ｍｅｔｒｉｃｗｏｒｋｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓ (ＤＰＷ )ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｔｏｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｍｃａｎａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｉｇｉｔａｌｔｅｒｒａｉｎｍｏｄｅｌ(ＤＴＭ)ａｎｄｄｉｇｉｔａｌｏｒｔｈｏ＿ｉｍａｇｅ (ＤＯＭ ) ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｎｏｔａｎｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎａｕｔｏｍａ…     

ON CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN “RECIDIVISM OF COMMUNICATIVE CARTOGRAPHY UNDER THE GUISE OF AUTOMATION”

Several researchers, including some affiliated with the Moscow Institute of Geodetic, Aerial Photographic, and Cartographic Engineers, an important center of geodetic and cartographic training in the USSR, continue the debate on automation in cartography featured in the preceding issue of Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing (1986, No. 4, pp. 274–288). They advocate continuation of some of the more promising research directions outlined in Ye. Ye. Shiryayev's book, criticize certain of its ideas regarding cartographic communication, generalization, and raster digitizing, and call for increased attention to the role of the geodetic sciences in the training of cartographers. The current debate stems from lack of adequate definitions for many concepts involved with cartographic presentation, inadequate development of a theory of automation, and lack of coordination in research among concerned organizations. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 7, pp. 37–42.     

ON THE “INDEFINITE” SOLUTION OF A LINEAR SYSTEM BY THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST SQUARES

Abstract

The components of the solution of a linear system, calculated by the principle of least squares, are linear homogeneous functions of the absolute terms. Two different methods for the calculation of the coefficients of these funetionsare described.     

SETTING UP DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL(DEM) ON THE BASIS OF SCANNED RASTER DATA FROM CONTOUR LINE SEPARATIONS

The application of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is drawing more and more attention.Different ways to set up DEM are being tested in line with various local conditions.This paper describes the experiment of setting up DEM on the basis of scanned raster data from separations of contour lines after the pre-processing of the contour image and the running of a program on a microcomputer.The software is designed to simulate the intelligent activities of human experts in evaluating the point elevation for the DEM.     

THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF THE STRUCTURE LIGHT ENGINEERING SURVEYING BASED ON A LASER THEODOLITE WITH THREE FREEDOMS OF ROTATION

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｏｕｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ,ｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙｉｎｇｗｏｒｋｏｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｈａｖｅ ｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ .Ｔｈｏｓｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｒａｉｌｗａｙａｎｄｈｉｇｈｗａｙｔｕｎｎｅｌｓ,ｖａｒｉ ｏｕｓｏｉｌａｎｄｇａｓｃａｎｓ ,ｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｉｒｃｒａｆｔ,ｓｈｅｌｌｏｆｃａｒｓ,ｌａｒｇｅｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙａｎｔｅｎｎａｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｓｃｏｕｔｉｎｇｓｔｅａｌｔｈｐｌａｎｅ ,ｓｈｉｐ ,ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｓｔ…     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OCEAN TIDE MODELS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA FROM T/P ALTIMETRY

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅ 1 96 0’ｓ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｍａｎｙｔｉｄａｌｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｔｉｄａｌｗａｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ .ＹｅＡｎｌｅ ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 983 ) ,ＳｈｅｎＹｕｊｉａｎｇ ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 985 ) ,ＦａｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 994) ,ａｎｄＣａｏＤｅｍｉｎｇ ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 997)ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｔｉｄａｌｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｉｓａｒｅａｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｎｕｍｅｒｉ…