SATELLITE IMAGERY OF CLOUD COVER IN THE STUDY OF SHORT-WAVE RADIATION AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE

A method is proposed for analyzing properties of solar radiation at the earth's surface based on satellite observations of cloud cover. It is shown that the amount of incident solar radiation is clearly governed by type of weather conditions and, more specifically, by the quantity and types of clouds. This affords a basis for predicting solar radiation receipt at the earth's surface. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1989, No. 2, pp. 83–85.     

利用NOAA AVHRR数据研究北半球雪盖气候学特征

利用NOAA卫星图像,研究了北半球、欧亚、北美和青藏高原雪盖气候学特征及其变化趋势.指出北半球、欧亚和北美雪盖气候变化趋势基本一致,年均雪盖面积在1987年前后明显下降; 而青藏高原雪盖面积在1984年后明显下降,说明青藏高原雪盖的年际变化与北半球及欧亚、北美不完全一致.     

USE OF SPACE IMAGERY IN THE FOREST ECONOMY

This paper provides a broad overview of current Soviet applications of remote sensing in the performance of forest inventories and related valuational studies, and in the production of derivative thematic maps—in particular, the photostatistical method of forest inventory based on interactive computer-assisted interpretation of satellite imagery and large-scale air photos. The ultimate future objective is the formation of a unified remote sensing-geographic information system for forest management and inventory purposes that will encompass the entire forested area of the country. Advances in the use of satellite imagery in the monitoring of forest fires, insect infestations, and rangeland deterioration have also been made since the late 1970s. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 4, pp. 30–36.     

区域平差技术在南沙群岛TM卫星图像中的应用

介绍了TM图像区域平差技术的方法原理，并对南沙群岛的TM图像数据进行了区域平差处理和误差分析。研究结果表明，利用TM图像和相关的控制点资料可以得到较高精度的定位信息。     

USE OF SPACE IMAGERY IN THE STUDY OF MASS EXCHANGE IN GLACIER SYSTEMS

The author surveys the use of remote sensing imagery in the study of mass exchange in glaciers, i.e., glacier dynamics resulting from phase changes in the water which they contain. A program of research now underway at the Institute of Geography (USSR Academy of Sciences) in conjunction with the “Priroda” Remote Sensing Center (Moscow) focuses on improving methods of data collection and mapping of glacier dynamics from space imagery, and particularly on identifying natural glacioclimatic zones believed to represent specific mass exchange conditions or regimes. The boundary of glacier nourishment separating areas of accumulation and ablation represents a key glacioclimatic indicator of mass exchange on satellite imagery and aerial photography. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 5, pp. 26–31.     

THE USE OF ANCIENT MAPS AND SPACE IMAGERY IN THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

The author outlines, in diagrammatic form, a procedure for the joint use of old maps (topographic, land survey, etc.) and current space imagery to compile maps of environmental change. The ancient maps reveal land use and physical conditions which serve as a benchmark for evaluation of subsequent change. Space imagery is useful both in updating the current state of the environment and providing a cartographic base for the preparation of final maps. Selected areas of Moscow Oblast are used as test sites. Translated from: Izvestiya vuzov, Geodeziya i aerofotos' yem-ka, 1985, No. 1, pp. 104-109.     

THE USE OF REFLECTANCE OF OIL-POLLUTED SOILS IN MONITORING FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A method is presented whereby soil reflectance on remote sensing imagery is used to estimate the level of soil pollution by oil production operations. This method can be used in lieu of the dangerous and toxic solvents now widely employed, and has the additional advantage of applicability to much larger areas. It is based on the construction of a graph and derivative equations depicting the relationship between the spectral reflectances of soils and the soil hydrocarbon content of sample soil plots. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiyand V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom kho-zyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 161–165.     

国产光学卫星影像RPC制作

有理函数模型(Rational Polynomial Coefficients,RPC)是一种常用的影像几何关系表达模型,可以用于精确表达所有影像的成像几何关系,正广泛地被业界所接受.本文在国产光学卫星严密成像几何模型基础上,介绍了RPC模型和无偏估计参数求解算法.利用资源一号02B星、资源二号03星数据进行实验的结果证明了方法的正确性以及RPC模型对国产卫星影像的适应性.     

USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

TRANSMISSION AND PROCESSING OF INFRARED SATELLITE IMAGERY IN OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES

A methodology for transmitting satellite information from shipboard receiving stations to onshore image processing centers is described, developed for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of water temperature and other oceanographic measurements taken by infrared scanning radiometers and promoting wider utilization of computers in image processing. Signals are recorded on magnetic tape, modulated, amplified to the normal operational range of a digital-analog signal transformer, and transformed into a sequence of eight-digit binary-decimal numbers, which pass through a photoelectric counter into computer memory. Infrared signals are isolated by an envelope demodulator in an early stage of the process. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1985, No. 14, pp. 93-95.     

USE OF SPACE IMAGERY IN COMPILING EVALUATIVE AND FORECAST MAPS OF LAND USE

Space information is used to assess present and forecast future socioeconomic characteristics related to land use in the Sheki-Zakataly region, Azerbaijan SSR. Land use maps were compiled to clarify present conditions, which then provided a basis for evaluating possibilities for improvement and intensification of land use and for predicting possible land use trends given certain assumptions. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, SSSR: seriya geograficheskaya, 1988, No. 4, pp. 89-96.     

MAPPING THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE TAIGA FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

An experiment is described in which multiscalar remote sensing imagery is sequentially employed in the detection of various rankings of soil types endemic to the taiga natural zone in the northern USSR. Relief features, vegetation associations, extent of surface water, and drainage patterns visible on imagery at scales from 1:12,000,000 to 1:5,000, also examined at low altitude and in the field at a series of test sites, served as indicators of various soil cover types. Considerable attention is given to an explanation of why these features can be considered valid indicators of taiga soil types as well as to the appearance of the indicators on band-specific (black-and-white) and color composite imagery. Translated from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1987, No. 3, pp. 87-99.     

卫星遥感土地利用调查精度研究

根据江苏省土地利用卫星遥感调查的实践,对以陆地卫星TM为主要信息源进行土地利用现状和耕地资源调查的定位、定性和定量精度进行分析研究,对应用卫星遥感进行土地利用调查的可靠性、适用范围和提高精度的方法进行了探讨。     

AN INSTRUMENT-AIDED METHOD OF INTERPRETING SCANNER IMAGERY OF THE EARTH'S CLOUD COVER

The author, noting the high cost and complexity of automated methods of processing imagery of the earth's cloud cover, presents a less sophisticated, instrument-aided method yielding similar results. A procedure for analyzing cloud cover patterns based on color synthesis of two-band scanner imagery from Soviet “Meteor” and American NOAA-series weather satellites using a synthesizing projector is outlined. This method adds the interpretation key of color to those of cloud structure and form in the analysis of cloud patterns, enhances cloud-underlying surface contrasts, and compares favorably with more highly automated methods in image preparation and interpretation time. Translated by Jay Mitchell; PlanEcon, Inc.; Washington, DC 20005 from: Izvestiya vysshykh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Geodeziya i aerofotos'yemka, 1987, No. 5, pp. 95-98.     

AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF FRONTS WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY

This paper is devoted to describing an automated procedure for identifying the position of fronts using satellite imagery. The positions of frontal sections derived by such a method are compared with synoptic charts transmitted in real-time mode from the RTH centers at Offenbach and Bracknell. It was determined that the position of frontal sections plotted in such a way corresponds to the position of the fronts on charts at the European centers for a variety of synoptic situations.     

基于RS对云南边境地区土地覆盖现状及变化研究

 土地利用/覆盖变化研究是全球变化研究的热点之一。应用遥感、GIS技术及数理统计学的方法，利用1976年MSS和2004年TM二个时期的遥感影像数据，对云南边境地区的土地覆盖动态变化进行监测研究，并对变化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明，土地覆盖现状以森林和裸岩地为主，土地利用/覆盖变化的主要方向是林地向裸地和耕地转化。     

MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING AS A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SNOW RESERVES IN FORESTS OF THE WESTERN SAYAN

A Russian-American team of remote sensing researchers investigates the applications of active microwave (synthetic-aperture radar) imagery for estimation of water reserves in snowpack in the Western Sayan Range of East Siberia. Considerable attention is devoted to an explanation of the study's principal finding—that a fundamentally different statistical relationship exists between strength of the reflected radar signal and snow cover depth in open areas versus forested areas with high levels of canopy closure. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1999, No. 4, pp. 85-90.