INTERPRETATION OF ECOLOGICAL-SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOODED STEPPE ZONE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN UPLAND

The authors describe how remote sensing imagery can be employed in the identification of different types of chernozem soils in a predominantly agricultural zone (forest steppe), where natural vegetation (normally one of the best vegetation indicators) has been largely displaced by farm fields. A multi-stage methodology is outlined whereby small-scale imagery is used to delineate large regions of similar bioclimatic-geologic characteristics, from which areas of similar soil formation conditions are distinguished. Multispectral and multitemporal space imagery then is employed to detect less salient ecological-soil differences that can affect phototone and image texture. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp 103–109.     

REMOTE SENSING AND THE STUDY OF SIBERIAN MINERAL RESOURCES

The authors outline the general policy governing the use of remote sensing in Siberian mineral exploration—as a tool in the structural-geomorphologic mapping of potential mineral-bearing locations. Such maps are used to infer geologic structure (and endogenous conditions for mineral formation) and the character of contemporary exogenous processes (and conditions of transport and concentration of mineral residues) from geoindicators in surface terrain visible from space. Uses of space imagery in the study of seismic activity and engineering geomorphology are also described. Translated from: Kompleksnyye aerokosmicheskiye Issledovaniya Sibiri, A. L. Yanshin and L. K. Zyat'kova, eds. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1984, pp. 5-14.     

REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN THE STUDY OF SOILS IN BELARUS'

Applications of remote sensing in the study of soils of Belarus' are investigated. The focus is upon ascertaining relationships between phototone of cultivated soils and various soil characteristics (humus content, texture, etc.); upon ensuring the best times for imaging; on the revision of existing soil maps from remote sensing imagery; and on determinations of humus content from spectral reflectance values. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 109–116.     

油气资源遥感技术若干问题的探讨

本文对油气资源遥感技术的研究内容、理论、方法及研究现状进行了系统总结。提出了石油勘探各阶段遥感技术配套应用的主要目标。对隐伏信息传输机理进行了探讨。油气资源遥感技术的发展必然要求建立自己独立的学科体系, 本文对其关键研究内容提出了初步看法。     

SOIL-GEOBOTANICAL REGIONALIZATION FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A multiscalar approach to mapping soil-vegetation regions from remote sensing imagery is outlined, using the West Siberian Lowland as a study area. At an initial stage small-scale space imagery is used to identify extensive soil-vegetation regions which extend across nearly the entire Lowland. Subsequent analysis focuses on identification and mapping of increasingly smaller units. The dominant criteria used for image interpretation and regionalization vary at each particular level of analysis, changing from vegetation structure and density at the smallest scales to soil “hydromorphism” (waterlogging) and topographic affiliations for intermediate- and large-scale units. Hydromorphic indicators are stressed as most important overall. Translated from: Distantsionnyye issledovaniya rel'yefa Sibiri, A. L. Yanshin and V. N. Sharapov, eds. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985, pp. 51-58.     

STRUCTURAL-LANDSCAPE MAPPING

The basic methodology of structural-landscape mapping is outlined: (a) preliminary delineation, using remote sensing imagery, of macroregions where surface topography corresponds generally to underlying geologic structure; and (b) identification and mapping (at smaller scales) of landscape anomalies within these regions which indicate structural-tectonic disturbances of a particular type (oil-gas traps, for example). Various types of structural-landscape maps are then compared for the purpose of demonstrating both the multiplicity of uses for such maps and the importance of carefully selecting indices for mapping and optimal designs for specific uses, such as oil and gas exploration. Translated from: Izvestiya, Vsesoyuznoye Geograficheskoye Obshchestvo, 1984, No. 3, pp. 218-224.     

REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE AND SOIL SCIENCE PART II: REMOTE SOIL MONITORING: ORGANIZATION OF SOIL MONITORING BASED ON REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A paper addressing general issues of concern in organizing a system of soil monitoring based on remote sensing imagery covers such topics as general principles which must be observed, the selection of indices optimizing the acquisition of useful information, and the adoption of suitable methodologies. A subsequent section of the paper focuses on the types of information to be derived from soil monitoring in arid regions and areas susceptible to heightened soil erosion. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 154–161.     

THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AND DYNAMICS OF VEGETATION COVER AND WATER IN THE NORTH CASPIAN REGION

The effectiveness of utilizing the remote sensing signatures of various vegetation associations along the Volga delta region as indicators of specific water availability/flooding conditions is explored. Considerable attention first is devoted to elucidating relationships between higher aquatic vegetation and hydraulic regimes on the basis of field and laboratory studies, before the focus shifts to how remote sensing imagery can provide insights into these relationships. An output of the process was a series of maps depicting environmental change and suggesting sites where reclamation and public health measures were necessary. Translated from: L. N. Vasil'yev, ed., Kosmicheskiye metody izucheniya biosfery [Remote Sensing Methods in the Study of the Biosphere]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 88–93.     

ERRORS IN THE INDICATION OF GEOSYSTEMS FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

After a general discussion of principles of remote sensing indication and image recognition theory, the particular errors in this process are analyzed individually: errors in data recording; errors in automated image analysis; errors in interpretation of the content of geosystems; errors in the selection of interpretation keys; and finally errors in generalization and the extrapolation of results. The total error in geosystem indication from remote sensing imagery can be determined by an analysis of these particular errors. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1988, No. 4, pp. 98-107.     

油气田遥感影像模型及油气综合远景预测研究

本文以线性体、环形体的油气田地质意义分析为基础,通过线、环共生组合规律及油气地质多因素的综合分析,提出了3个油气田遥感预测模型。利用所建立的遥感模型及其它地学模型,在济阳坳陷地区以遥感信息为主进行了微机综合油气远景预测,提出了若干远景区。实践证明,利用遥感信息进行构造分析的找油方法,对石油勘探具有重要意义,它具有简便和勘探成本低等优点。     

遥感技术在中国东部油气勘探中的应用

石油勘探遥感技术经过十余年的实践和总结,无论在图像处理技术、地质应用水平,还是在基础理论及方法研究上都取得了长足的进步。实践证明,遥感技术不但可以结合非地震物化探资料在区块评价等油气勘探前期工作中发挥重要作用,而且在盆地油气勘探过程中,也能通过与已知油气田遥感特征进行类比分析,进行油气远景区预测。本文就是结合个几应用实例,概述我国东部油气区遥感应用的初步效果。     

AERIAL AND SPACE PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE STUDY OF GEOSYSTEM DYNAMICS

A Siberian geographer explores real and potential applications of remote sensing imagery in research on geosystem dynamics. Four different methodological approaches to the analysis of geosystem dynamics are identified and described: comparison of heterochronous and seasonal imagery, geosystem forecasting and reconstruction based on image analysis, determination of current state and extant geosystem trends, analysis of linkages and interactions among geosystem components. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1992, No. 4, pp. 140-146.     

USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

REMOTE SENSING IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF CARTOGRAPHER-GEOGRAPHERS

The author reviews the contributions of the “aerospace” disciplines (remote sensing, photogrammetry, photometry) in the training of cartographers at Moscow University. Changes in the present curriculum are advocated, leading to the emergence of a unified educational discipline referred to alternately as “remote mapping methods,” or “remote sensing and mapping.” Training in this discipline is designed to enhance the interpretation and map compilation skills of cartographers working with space imagery. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1984, No. 5, pp. 40-43.     

USE OF SPACE IMAGERY IN THE STUDY OF MASS EXCHANGE IN GLACIER SYSTEMS

The author surveys the use of remote sensing imagery in the study of mass exchange in glaciers, i.e., glacier dynamics resulting from phase changes in the water which they contain. A program of research now underway at the Institute of Geography (USSR Academy of Sciences) in conjunction with the “Priroda” Remote Sensing Center (Moscow) focuses on improving methods of data collection and mapping of glacier dynamics from space imagery, and particularly on identifying natural glacioclimatic zones believed to represent specific mass exchange conditions or regimes. The boundary of glacier nourishment separating areas of accumulation and ablation represents a key glacioclimatic indicator of mass exchange on satellite imagery and aerial photography. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 5, pp. 26–31.     

遥感技术直接找油理论基础及其实践

本文在综合研究近年来国内外遥感技术直接找油这一领域研究成果的基础上，系统归纳出烃类微渗漏理论；给出了遥感技术直接探测油气藏的模型；概述了遥感技术直接找油的现状并对其未来的发展提出了看法。     

石油遥感勘探中油气化探若干问题的地学分析

油气化探是探索石油遥感勘探机理必不可少的手段之一，然而获取油气化探试验数据是一个相当复杂的过程，除涉及到地表各种地质，地貌条件外，还与地下油气藏的生、储、盖条件密切相关。本文在近年研究工作基础上，结合国内的一些典型实例，分析了油气化探效果与石油地质条件以及试验数据获取中的一些问题。     

A comparison of three image-object methods for the multiscale analysis of landscape structure

Within the conceptual framework of Complex Systems, we discuss the importance and challenges in extracting and linking multiscale objects from high-resolution remote sensing imagery to improve the monitoring, modeling and management of complex landscapes. In particular, we emphasize that remote sensing data are a particular case of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and describe how image-objects provide a way to reduce this problem. We then hypothesize that multiscale analysis should be guided by the intrinsic scale of the dominant landscape objects composing a scene and describe three different multiscale image-processing techniques with the potential to achieve this. Each of these techniques, i.e., Fractal Net Evolution Approach (FNEA), Linear Scale-Space and Blob-Feature Detection (SS), and Multiscale Object-Specific Analysis (MOSA), facilitates the multiscale pattern analysis, exploration and hierarchical linking of image-objects based on methods that derive spatially explicit multiscale contextual information from a single resolution of remote sensing imagery. We then outline the weaknesses and strengths of each technique and provide strategies for their improvement.     

THE MULTIPLICITY PRINCIPLE IN MODERN REMOTE SENSING METHODS AND ITS APPLICATION TO AGRICULTURAL IMAGE INTERPRETATION

The authors elaborate upon the “multiplicity principle” in remote sensing, i.e., the need for repeated imaging at a variety of scales, spatial resolutions, spectral bands, and times of imaging in order to attain the maximum information possible. They then explore the ways it can be applied in agricultural research, through two different image comparison and interpretation strategies. A detailed example is presented of the use of a multitemporal imaging strategy for the recognition of several agricultural crops from false color composite imagery. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 47-55.