AN ATLAS OF CMEA MEMBER NATIONS

General problems of complex atlas mapping—selection of scales and indices for mapping, standardization of legends, establishment of appropriate levels of generalization, etc.—are addressed using the first comprehensive economic atlas of CMEA member countries as an example. The Atlas itself contains general overview maps of economic linkages of CMEA member nationa with the world economy, maps devoted to economic transactions and patterns within the CMEA as a whole, and general economic maps of the individual member nations. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1985, No. 4, pp. 3-6.     

Reflections on Mapping Census 2000

Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity is an atlas containing 75 maps and presenting county- and state-level data for Census 2000. Cynthia Brewer and Trudy Suchan rapidly produced the atlas in the Population Division of the U.S. Census Bureau using ArcInfo 8.1 prerelease software. Redistricting data, on which the atlas was based, were released in March 2001 and the full-color atlas went to press in July 2001. It is the first decennial atlas produced by the Census Bureau in 80 years. Race maps in the atlas are designed to present the new Census 2000 data that include counts of people who indicated more than one race. Choropleth classifications are constructed to facilitate comparison among maps in series for all race/ethnicity groups, both large and small. Map series share breaks that are adjusted to include meaningful breaks based on overall U.S. percentages for individual groups. Additional shared meaningful breaks, such as "no change" and "50 percent of the population" also anchor classifications. Maps of prevalent groups and diversity provide syntheses of race/ethnicity data. Maps were evaluated at numerous levels in the Census Bureau, with issues from topic selection to page layout to title wording debated by many people. The essay describes the production processes, agency standards, and cartographic principles that come together to present these new data in an atlas that is a colorful showpiece.     

WORLD ATLAS OF THEMATIC MAPS OF DESERTIFICATION

The author describes the contents and participation of former Soviet republics in the compilation of a global atlas of desertification, published under the auspices of the United Nations. Translated by H. L. Haslett, Leamington Spa, UK, from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1991, No. 6, p. 130.     

PRECIPITATION MAPS FOR THE WORLD'S OCEAN SURFACE

Procedures for the compilation of new maps showing the quantity and intensity of precipitation, which take into account its frequency, are outlined. The maps were prepared for the atlas The Natural Environment and Natural Resources of the World. A comparison is made with earlier published maps compiled by other methods. Translated by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1990, No. 2, pp. 5–16.     

Design and Production of an Atlas for Diplomacy in Zimbabwe and The Southern African Development Community

Abstract

An atlas of Zimbabwe and the Southern African Development Community was designed and produced for use by American diplomats in Zimbabwe. Two copies of the bound atlas are used by the Embassy of the United States of America (U.S. Embassy) and the Mission of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in Harare, Zimbabwe, to orient visitors and discuss matters of diplomacy and development in Zimbabwe and the Southern African Development Community. The atlas contains maps derived from satellite images showing features of the physical geography of Southern Africa and Zimbabwe and plastic overlays showing rivers and lakes and manmade features, such as major roads, railroads, and cities. The atlas is an important tool that American diplomats can use to orient participants in discussions of the environment and to develop agreements for management of the environment in Zimbabwe and Southern Africa.     

Design and Implementation of a Model,Web-based,GIS-Enabled Cancer Atlas

Abstract

The design and development of a highly interactive web-based, GIS-enabled atlas is reported. The atlas is a prototype, designed as a model for implementation of atlases to support government cancer-control activities. This model integrates symbolisation and design principles from print cartography, interaction strategies from exploratory geovisualisation, and web-map/web-feature service advances from GIS. The atlas has been implemented using a client-server architecture. It makes use of two open-source GIS tools, PostGIS (as the system database) and GeoServer (to connect the database to the client mapping application). The client mapping application has been built in Macromedia Flash. The entire client-server architecture is described, then direct primary emphasis is focused on the client mapping application. For this component of the system, the interface design strategy is detailed, the approach taken to implement this strategy in Flash is documented, and the mechanisms developed to build dynamic links from the client to the underlying database through the server are outlined. Features of the atlas are presented through a prototypical use scenario for a target user.     

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES OF THE WORLD—A NEW SOVIET ATLAS

The authors employ remote sensing imagery and existing landscape maps to gain greater insight into how pre-glacial tectonic activity contributes to landscape development in old glaciated regions by affecting the form and movements of lobes of past continental ice sheets. Using the Belorussian SSR as a study area, the authors identify several features of current landscape structure which can serve as indicators of past tectonic activity, the most reliable being various characteristics of the landscape family—defined as a combination of natural territorial complexes of similar origin and age. Translated from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1990, No. 6, pp. 560–565.     

中国省情综合地图集的内容图谱构建与主题表达可视分析

省情综合地图集使用专题地图对省域的资源禀赋和社会发展水平进行全面展示,是一项复杂的知识系统。通过对地图集中大量、复杂、非结构化的内容进行模式化重构,建立地图集的内容图谱,挖掘中国省情综合地图集的内容组织规律。首先,构建图集词汇向量和计算语义相似度,提取图集内容表达的标准主题词;然后,结合图集的“图组→图幅→指标”编排结构,对主题词进行语义层次聚类,构建图集内容表达的树型图谱;在此基础上,挖掘各省综合地图集内容图谱的频繁子图,形成图谱指纹,以此标识出中国省情综合地图集主题表达的共性特征。研究结果表明,中国省情综合地图集的主题内容具有层次化组织特点,可将指纹图谱作为框架,指导省情综合地图集的主题选择和内容组织。借助内容图谱和指纹图谱分析,还可进一步揭示出中国各省综合地图集在内容表达上具有明显的聚类特征和多样性特征。研究结果可为新编省情综合地图集设计提供依据。未来还可进一步探究不同类型地图集的内容图谱构成,丰富地图集设计与编制理论。     

VEGETATION DYNAMICS OF THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF THE GREAT CAUCASUS FROM SPACE IMAGERY

The use of multitemporal space imagery in the study of vegetation change in a mountainous section of the Azerbaijan SSR is described. Maps depicting both the character and intensity of change are presented, and methods of their compilation described. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 4, pp. 174-176.     

多媒体电子地图集中超媒体结构的语言学机制

通过对现有多媒体电子地图多种信息主体及其关系的分析,阐述了多媒体电子地图集中超媒体结构的语言学机制,并就该理论的实际应用给出了一个实例。     

Introducing Middle School Students to the Spatial Sciences through a Community Atlas Project

Abstract

A community atlas is an effective method of promoting student‐centered, learning oriented instruction. It provides an integrated framework for teaching thematic interdisciplinary material and promotes collaborative work by students, whose efforts can be shared amongst themselves and with the community. This paper describes community atlas projects from three West Virginia middle schools, in which 320 students and five teachers participated. Younger and less structured students responded with more enthusiasm to the open‐ended nature of the assignment. Self‐disciplined students produced effective web pages combining images, maps, and non‐spatial information such as demographic tables and local perceptions. Although this project was a collaboration between a university and local middle schools, sufficient resources are available for teachers to implement community atlases without specialized assistance.     

缩短交通地图出版周期方法

交通地图着重于高速公路、国道、省道、铁路等交通要素的表达和描述,随着我国交通建设的迅猛发展,高速公路等交通要素更新速度很快,这种变化是否能及时反应到交通图中,是普通读者对于交通地图质量的一般衡量标准;交通地图的编制、出版本身是一个复杂的、周期较长的过程,如何既快又好地出版现势性强的交通地图,是地图出版社面临的一个重要研究课题。本文从交通地图的地图编制作业流程、地图出版管理流程改进、地图集设计、后期数据库管理与重印修改模式的改进四个方面,归纳了几点缩短地图出版周期的方法及其应用。     

研究中国灾害的旷世名著--《中国重大自然灾害与社会图集》读图笔记

对《中国重大自然灾害与社会图集》进行了综合而深入地评述。认为该图集的出版标志我国灾害研究由自然科学与人文科学交叉对接、融会贯通,由单项跃升到了综合分析、系统集成的新阶段。图集内容非常丰富,图表数据与文字穿插衬托,设计精湛,达到了科学、技术与艺术的和谐境界。     

MEDICAL GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION ON THE HUMAN ORGANISM

The paper presents results of applied medical-geographic mapping work by the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences in support of public health studies in Central Asian areas where water supplies are contaminated by runoff from irrigated fields. The final product of the work is a map depicting surface water quality in aggregate terms and according to indices for specific pollutants (for water quality monitoring points), which is described both in terms of its content and methods of data compilation and transformation. Translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906 from: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy: Geodeziya i aerofotos “yemka, 1989, No. 2, pp. 166–171.     

System Design Considerations for the Development of an Electronic Statistical Atlas

In the recent history of cartography, atlases deserve a prominent status among cartographic products due to the variety of their thematic content, the rather friendly appearance and their utilization by a wide spectrum of users. Advances in information technology, and more specifically in geographic information systems and digital mapping, have altered the fundamental way of using maps, and thus they have a major impact on every aspect of electronic atlas design and development. Although considerable effort has been made towards the production of electronic atlases, and successful systems are available, there are still a number of factors that must be considered towards the improvement of their design and functional characteristics. This paper elaborates on those factors and suggests a specific approach toward the design and development of electronic atlases, particularly electronic statistical atlases. This approach has been used for the development of the Statistical Atlas of the European Union (STATLAS_EU), which is intended to provide a user-friendly resource for statistical analysis.     

鄂西生态文化旅游圈地图集选题研究

对于专题地图集而言,图集的内容和结构是决定图集质量的关键要素,也是抓住人们眼球的重点。《鄂西生态文化旅游圈地图集》(以下简称《鄂西圈图集》)不仅是跨行政区域的地图集,而且在内容上不同于一般意义上的综合性专题地图集,它以"生态、文化、旅游"专题为主要内容,这在全国范围内是少见的,具有一定的开创性。本文通过总结《鄂西生态文化旅游圈地图集》专题内容确定的过程和结果,阐述了编制图集过程中选题的重要性,需要与时俱进,抓住特色,突出重点,勇于创新。     

中国物流实用参考地图集的编制特点

图集编制所涉及到的资料繁多,过程复杂,工作量大,技术难点较多;《中国物流实用参考地图集》是一本集反映全国公路、铁路、航空、水运及物流单位名录为一体的专题地图集,同时兼备专题图和地图集的特性,所涉及专题较多,表示内容详实。结合《中国物流实用参考地图集》的具体编制过程,对其中的设计思想、表示内容、图面形式以及分幅等编制特点进行了分析和探讨。     

USE OF SPACE IMAGERY IN COMPILING EVALUATIVE AND FORECAST MAPS OF LAND USE

Space information is used to assess present and forecast future socioeconomic characteristics related to land use in the Sheki-Zakataly region, Azerbaijan SSR. Land use maps were compiled to clarify present conditions, which then provided a basis for evaluating possibilities for improvement and intensification of land use and for predicting possible land use trends given certain assumptions. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, SSSR: seriya geograficheskaya, 1988, No. 4, pp. 89-96.     

Atlas Mapping in the 21st Century

Atlases are changing. The paper paradigm of maps and atlases has pervaded recent cartographic history. By nature that paradigm serves, as well as defines, a specific audience in terms of use and presentation. In the lab and at the printing press, the paper paradigm demands certain design and production flows that will drastically change through evolutions in data structures, mapmaking techniques, and presentation methods. Technological transformations in mapping influence much of this change. The implications for the creation and distribution of atlases are significant. With that in mind, this paper addresses a number of issues that relate to the technological evolution of atlases from paper to digital products: the distinction between paper and digital products and services and the implications of that distinction for atlas design—particularly for web-based services; facilitating data and its application to the evolution of map/atlas products; and a redefinition of "atlas" and the "audience" for an atlas.     

多媒体电子地图集数据开放管理的设计与实践

作为一种新颖的地图集,多媒体电子地图集具有超乎以往的多媒体可视效果。为此本文将多媒体电子地图集的媒体数据管理权由编制者转向用户,以地理信息为主体,多媒体为支撑,提出一种便捷灵活的数据管理思路。同时,根据目前用户需求及计算机信息化特点,设计并实现了图集数据开放式管理系统,提高了图集的安全性、开放性、灵活性和易用性,以推进多媒体电子地图集的发展和应用。