卫星遥感土地利用调查精度研究

根据江苏省土地利用卫星遥感调查的实践,对以陆地卫星TM为主要信息源进行土地利用现状和耕地资源调查的定位、定性和定量精度进行分析研究,对应用卫星遥感进行土地利用调查的可靠性、适用范围和提高精度的方法进行了探讨。     

浙东象山港岸线及潮滩变迁遥感调查

利用多期遥感数据，对浙江省东部象山港一带近30 a来的海岸线及潮滩变迁状况进行了调查与监测。结果表明，该区淤泥质海滩发育，海岸类型以淤泥质为主，岸线在1986～1996年间有较大变化，外迁宽度最大达1 700 m，1996年以后基本进入稳定状态。潮滩发育具有差异性。     

REMOTE SENSING IN THE STUDY OF LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Applications of remote sensing, in particular space imagery, in the study of the physical structure of landscapes are described. Special attention is paid to space imagery's capacity for instantaneous analysis of extensive areas, its potential for combined use with more traditional methods, and the multiscalar quality of the data obtained. Joint use of a variety of image products and imaging sequences provides diverse information which can be integrated for a more comprehensive understanding of landscape structure in a variety of physical environments. Translated from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo geograficheskogo obshchestva, 1985, No. 3, pp. 266-270.     

浙江东部穿山半岛岸线及潮滩演变的遥感调查

穿山半岛北侧是杭州湾的外海滨部分,其水动力条件、泥沙运移、沉积过程和地貌演变复杂。根据区域遥感影像和地理地形等资料,通过综合分析研究,探讨了穿山半岛北侧岸线和潮滩的变迁过程。研究表明,上世纪50年代穿山半岛北侧岸线大部分仍处于自然演变状态,从20世纪60年代开始,岸线向海迁移基本上是由工业填海和围海造田所致。潮滩总体呈现淤长的趋势,37a来,西侧滩界外移3050m,外移速率达+82.4m/a;向东,滩界变动范围逐渐减小。潮滩的发展具有空间、时间上差异性,潮滩淤涨集中在1955～1963年和1977～1982年。     

REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN THE STUDY OF SOILS IN BELARUS'

Applications of remote sensing in the study of soils of Belarus' are investigated. The focus is upon ascertaining relationships between phototone of cultivated soils and various soil characteristics (humus content, texture, etc.); upon ensuring the best times for imaging; on the revision of existing soil maps from remote sensing imagery; and on determinations of humus content from spectral reflectance values. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 109–116.     

USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

THE USE OF REFLECTANCE OF OIL-POLLUTED SOILS IN MONITORING FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A method is presented whereby soil reflectance on remote sensing imagery is used to estimate the level of soil pollution by oil production operations. This method can be used in lieu of the dangerous and toxic solvents now widely employed, and has the additional advantage of applicability to much larger areas. It is based on the construction of a graph and derivative equations depicting the relationship between the spectral reflectances of soils and the soil hydrocarbon content of sample soil plots. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiyand V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom kho-zyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 161–165.     

THE USE OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING FOR FORESTRY IN GREAT BRITAIN

The Forestry Commission needs information on the woodland cover of the country, both as general assessment of all ownerships for woodland census purposes and as detailed crop data on its own forest estate for management purposes. These survey requirements are outlined and the methods used for data collection are described, particular attention being given to the role of aerial survey. The development of a digital mapping system is also covered. Finally, the potential role of other remote sensing techniques and the trials currently in progress are discussed.     

STUDY AND MAPPING OF LAND USE FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN AGRICULTURAL MONITORING

A series of soil and agricultural land-use monitoring activities planned and carried out under the auspices of a local branch of the recently formed State Agro-industrial Committee is outlined. A general discussion of the place of agricultural monitoring within the overall system of environmental monitoring is followed by detailed examples of the use of space photography in preparation of photomapbases of local-level land use maps and in the compilation of the thematic detail of related agricultural maps. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 1, pp. 145-149.     

APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE STUDY OF THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN OF DAGESTAN

The authors explore a wide range of applications of remote sensing methods in the study of natural hazards posed by exogenous geomorphologic processes in areas of predominantly calcareous and shale-based rock in mountainous portions of Dagestan. Space imagery, air photographs, and ground truth established from field observations provides the basis for the mapping of environmental conditions with an emphasis on the extent to which mass movements and other exogenous geomorphologic processes pose natural hazards to human residence and economic activity. Translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906 from: Geomorfologiya, 1993, No. 4, pp. 26-35.     

山东省土地利用动态遥感监测应用研究

对SPOT、TM、ETM卫星数据进行了校正、配准、镶嵌和多源多时相遥感数据融合,采用三种方法对土地利用变化信息进行提取,提高了监测成果的准确性和可靠性,获得了矢、栅、属一体化监测成果.     

西藏自治区盐湖矿产资源遥感信息提取方法

西藏自治区地域广,湖泊多,盐湖矿产资源十分丰富,但调查研究程度较低。采用常规调查方法,周期长、费用高、难度大。以TM(ETM⁺)数据为主要信息源,采用波段合成、密度分割、比值处理等方法进行信息提取,取得了良好效果。圈划出的成矿远景区准确、可靠,经验证新发现了一批盐类矿产地。     

光学遥感大气校正研究进展

大气校正是光学遥感信息定量化研究中必不可少的一步,将各种大气校正方法归纳为基于图像特征的相对校正法、基于地面线性回归模型法、基于大气辐射传输模型法和复合模型法4类,详细分析了每一类方法的优缺点、适用范围或影响因素,并对大气校正的未来发展做了几点思考.     

巢湖湖岸崩塌及淤积现状遥感分析

利用多时相航卫片遥感资料调查分析巢湖湖岸崩塌及湖盆淤积问题。根据调查结果,将巢湖湖岸划分为三种类型,并分别叙述了三种类型湖岸的分布和特点。分析调查了湖岸崩塌现状及环境影响因素。同时,利用多时相航卫片资料分析研究了巢湖淤积现状,提出了今后治理建议。     

巢湖湖岸崩塌及淤积现状遥感分析

利用多时相航卫片遥感资料调查分析巢湖湖岸崩塌及湖盆淤积问题。根据调查结果,将巢湖湖岸划分为三种类型,并分别叙述了三种类型湖岸的分布和特点。分析调查了湖岸崩塌现状及环境影响因素。同时,利用多时相航卫片资料分析研究了巢湖淤积现状,提出了今后治理建议。     

多尺度空间下的云南山地流域遥感土地利用分类对比研究

以云南山地流域为研究区域，利用实证理论方法及3S（RS、GIS、GPS）技术手段，进行了多尺度空间下多模型的遥感土地利用分类对比研究。结果表明： 率先建立地学主导因子下的遥感地学分异规律，对提高云南遥感土地利用/土地覆盖（LUCC）分类精度效果显著； 遥感分类模型效应与尺度空间有较大的关联性； 对大区域及地形因子和地貌差异大的研究区，构建专家系统模型和推理分类模型是提高遥感分类精度的有效途径。     

西藏色林错湖面增长遥感信息动态分析

根据1972年陆地卫星MSS,1992年TM与1999年ETM⁺3个时相的遥感数据信息,对西藏色林错湖面增长进行动态分析后,发现近30a来湖面逐渐扩大,从1707km²增大到了1823km².本文分别从气象学、构造地质学及高原隆升等方面分析了湖面扩大的原因.认为很有可能是由于温室效应,使得气温上升,冰雪、冰川融化和冻土软化释放水注入色林错,进而引起湖面增长.并就其所揭示的环境信息进行了初步探讨.     

REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN THE STUDY AND MAPPING OF NATURE RESERVES

A Siberian geographer outlines the major aspects of a program to map the climatic and ecological state of ecosystems in the Lake Baykal region of southern East Siberia. A methodology for the classification of micro- and mesoclimates is outlined that is based on the structural characteristics of the underlying terrain surface, the character of air flows into the region, and extensive study of natural conditions in the region. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2000, No. 2, pp. 104-112.     

REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN THE STUDY OF SETTLEMENT ON ALLUVIAL FANS

The authors describe how remote sensing imagery may be employed in the zonation and mapping of the alluvial fans of the Fergana Basin, USSR. Settlement patterns depicted on these maps can then be analyzed by planners and civil defense personnel with a view toward minimizing risks posed by natural hazards endemic to alluvial fans: mudflows and other seismically triggered mass movements. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 3, pp. 50-55.