遥感数据监督分类中训练样本的纯化

本文分析了训练样本对遥感数据监督分类结果的影响,提出了训练样本纯化的理论与方法,即根据样本像元的光谱和空间信息来剔除训练样本中不合要求的样本像元。一个例子的试验研究表明,训练样本纯化后,各类型间的发散度、样本像元的概率密度函数与高斯分布的拟合度以及分类结果的精度都得到不同程度提高。     

遥感专题影像图制作方法研究

本文从遥感影像图的应用潜力、发展趋势和传统专业图件的局限性两个方面论述遥感影像与专业图件相结合的必要性。同时阐述了遥感专题影像图制作的指导思想和基本要求,并以“海南省旅游规划卫星影像图”为例,介绍了专题影像图的制作方法。     

从地质遥感到国土资源遥感-在全国遥感地质工作成果汇报会上的报告

报告分三部分,首先介绍了1987年9月以来,全国遥感地质工作协调小组组织13个成员单位加强遥感地质工作,协调航空遥感计划,拨款购置TM卫星资料,组织攻关项目(分省编制国土资源遥感系列图,在一些地区遥感找金矿),实行内部优惠管理办法以及各成员单位的技术状况等。其次,报告详细阐述了遥感在基础地质和矿产调查,水文、工程、环境和灾害调查,国土和城市调查以及方法技术等方面取得的丰硕成果。最后,报告提出今后的努力方向是,进一步扩大遥感应用──从地质遥感扩大到国土资源遥感,结合运用其它地学方法,提高方法技术,发展遥感新方法,加强国际联系、交流与合作,继续探索、深化改革等。     

REMOTE SENSING IN THE STUDY OF LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Applications of remote sensing, in particular space imagery, in the study of the physical structure of landscapes are described. Special attention is paid to space imagery's capacity for instantaneous analysis of extensive areas, its potential for combined use with more traditional methods, and the multiscalar quality of the data obtained. Joint use of a variety of image products and imaging sequences provides diverse information which can be integrated for a more comprehensive understanding of landscape structure in a variety of physical environments. Translated from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo geograficheskogo obshchestva, 1985, No. 3, pp. 266-270.     

USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

植被高光谱遥感分类中训练样本的选择方法

针对植被高光谱遥感分类过程中参考光谱训练样本的选择问题，研究分类过程中常用训练样本的选择方法，并在此基础上提出2种新的训练样本选择（纯化）方法，然后结合具体的OMIS-I高光谱遥感数据，验证方法的有效性。     

ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN ENGINEERING GEOMORPHOLOGY

An image interpretation technique known as “indicational analysis” is applied to engineering geomorphology–i.e., image characteristics visible on remote sensing imagery are used to infer (indicate) the presence of features that are not directly visible. In this case the identification of particular relief forms provides a basis for inferring the level of risk posed by geomorphological hazards to major construction projects such as railroads, pipelines, and highways. A key aspect of the procedure is a multiscalar approach, in which different components of the overall store of information brought to bear on a problem are obtained at different levels of interpretation. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1987, No. 2, pp. 35–42.     

都安石漠化趋势遥感分析与预测

通过遥感技术在广西都安县石漠化预测分析研究中的应用 ,讨论了应用遥感技术圈定石漠化区域与遥感地质填图的异同 ,提出了“对石漠化区域的确定也就是对满足条件DR∈DC∩DV区域的确定”的数学分析结论和两种提取石漠化遥感影像信息方案 :一种是以石灰岩波谱特性和热性质参数为基础 ,直接从TM像元亮度 (或灰度 )数据中提取石漠化影像信息的方案 ;另一种是以植被波谱影像模型和图论为基础 ,通过对DC 与DV影像区域的图形关系逻辑运算 ,间接提取出裸露石灰岩分布区域的整体图形信息 (即边界线信息 )的方案。通过试验区 1991年和1998年两种TM时相的 30× 2种像元分析法试验 ,确定出以TM6波段图像为中心波段的最佳假彩色合成增强处理方案。将此方案用于对都安县全区 1991年和 1998年两种时相的TM图像处理 ,获得了“都安地区石漠化范围正在扩展 ,而这种扩展与当地人类活动加剧有关”的研究结论。     

REMOTE SENSING IN THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS

An analysis of the statistical characteristics of the optical depth of suspended particulates was made in several parts of the visible spectrum as it is affected by meteorological conditions. The paper tests whether the association of the statistical characteristics of the spectral structure of visible radiation with meteorological parameters is strong enough to serve as part of the explanation for the onset of different states of atmospheric turbidity. Equations are derived that permit estimation of atmospheric optical conditions from meteorological data.     

REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN THE STUDY OF SOILS IN BELARUS'

Applications of remote sensing in the study of soils of Belarus' are investigated. The focus is upon ascertaining relationships between phototone of cultivated soils and various soil characteristics (humus content, texture, etc.); upon ensuring the best times for imaging; on the revision of existing soil maps from remote sensing imagery; and on determinations of humus content from spectral reflectance values. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 109–116.     

遥感技术在南昌地区新构造运动研究中的应用

在第四纪河湖相冲(堆)积物十分发育且分布很广的南昌地区,利用TM5、TM4、TM3彩色合成图像清晰地辨别出二种新构造运动: 垂直升降运动和水平移动。垂直升降运动造成了赣江、抚河由西向东迁移; 水平移动引起青岚湖、军山湖等湖泊拉张裂开。指出了这二种新构造运动所引发的河(湖)岸崩岸等地质灾害。     

山东省土地利用动态遥感监测应用研究

对SPOT、TM、ETM卫星数据进行了校正、配准、镶嵌和多源多时相遥感数据融合,采用三种方法对土地利用变化信息进行提取,提高了监测成果的准确性和可靠性,获得了矢、栅、属一体化监测成果.     

遥感资料在SCS模型产流计算中的应用

SCS模型在降雨径流关系上,考虑了土壤类型、土地利用和前期土壤含水量状况,使产流计算建立在较合理的基础上。但由于反映上述因素的综合指标CN的地区性、前期土壤含水量分级太粗、土壤分类的不通用性等,在我国直接应用误差太大。本文分析了误差太大的原因,提出了对SCS模型产流计算的改进方法;并采用土壤质地分类,提出用混合聚类法进行土壤分类。改进后的SCS模型产流计算不仅提高了精度,还可用来进行降雨径流预报。     

AN EXPERIMENT IN AUTOMATED INTERPRETATION OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

Algorithms, designed for digital image processing in standard mainframe computers and representing sequential stages in a land-use classification procedure, are used to produce maps of agricultural crop types from multispectral satellite imagery. Pixel reflectance values are first grouped according to an unsupervised “rapid classification algorithm,” or data compression procedure. Mean reflectance values of the resulting classes then go into a supervised “sequential clustering algorithm” where classes are refined according to training value and other parameter inputs. The objective is to increase the accessibility of automated image interpretation while balancing classification accuracy and processing time. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1984, No. 4, pp. 63-69.     

基于PRS的遥感图像地物信息提取模型

点源理论(PRS)是一种面向应用需求的集中信息处理方式。不同尺度、不同分辨率的点都是一定的综合信息场,是客观世界的真实反映。本文在数字图像处理过程中引入点源理论,探讨针对地物空间信息应用服务的遥感信息分析和处理模型,讨论基于点源的图像构造、知识构造及地物模型建造过程,给出基于点源的遥感图像地物提取流程。     

DIGITAL PROCESSING OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN SOIL MAPPING

The authors describe strategies for the utilization of digital image processing in the compilation of soil maps at scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:25,000 for the trans-Volga region of Russia. Particular attention is devoted to an exploration of the effects of variations in soil humus content, texture, and degree of erosion upon spectral brightness coefficients. Results of the mapping demonstrate the promise of digital image processing in the differentiation of a number of chernozem soil subtypes. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 214–225.     

MODERN INFLUENCES ON THE UNIVERSITY ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN SURVEYING

Abstract

Surveying in, the sense in which I propose to consider it this evening, is the technical term given to the science of admeasuring and delineating the physical features of the earth and of works executed or proposed upon its surface. I am in some difficulty over a precise definition which will satisfy everyone since, although “surveying” is generally understood in the English language to have the above meaning, there is a growing tendency to use the somewhat restricted term” land survey"; restricted since it implies omission of hydrographic, hydrological and other forms of measurement of natural features and of setting out. This is, of course, not so.     

航空遥感技术在延吉市建设规划综合调查中的应用

本文介绍应用航空遥感图像对延吉市土地利用现状、城市扩展、绿化状况以及生态系统特点调查结果。指出了各类用地及绿化覆盖方面存在的问题,提出了综合开发利用的建议。     

山东省生态环境遥感监测

 利用遥感与GIS技术，对山东省生态环境现状及其动态变化进行了监测，建立了山东省生态环境遥感监测数据库，分析了山东省生态环境时空变化特征。结果表明，山东省生态环境动态变化的主要特点是耕地面积明显减少，城乡居民点和工矿用地面积大幅度增加。