USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN ENGINEERING GEOMORPHOLOGY

An image interpretation technique known as “indicational analysis” is applied to engineering geomorphology–i.e., image characteristics visible on remote sensing imagery are used to infer (indicate) the presence of features that are not directly visible. In this case the identification of particular relief forms provides a basis for inferring the level of risk posed by geomorphological hazards to major construction projects such as railroads, pipelines, and highways. A key aspect of the procedure is a multiscalar approach, in which different components of the overall store of information brought to bear on a problem are obtained at different levels of interpretation. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1987, No. 2, pp. 35–42.     

DIGITAL PROCESSING OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN SOIL MAPPING

The authors describe strategies for the utilization of digital image processing in the compilation of soil maps at scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:25,000 for the trans-Volga region of Russia. Particular attention is devoted to an exploration of the effects of variations in soil humus content, texture, and degree of erosion upon spectral brightness coefficients. Results of the mapping demonstrate the promise of digital image processing in the differentiation of a number of chernozem soil subtypes. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 214–225.     

AUTOMATED MAPPING FROM THEMATIC INTERPRETATION OF SCANNER IMAGERY

The process of the automated compilation and plotting of thematic maps based on selected methods of cartographic representation is examined. The authors argue that the essence of logical and mathematical processing of digitized space imagery is formalized, objective cartographic representation of the results of image interpretation. General procedures of map compilation are operationalized based on a geomorphological mapping project using Landsat MSS data for the Moscow Region.     

ERRORS IN THE INDICATION OF GEOSYSTEMS FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

After a general discussion of principles of remote sensing indication and image recognition theory, the particular errors in this process are analyzed individually: errors in data recording; errors in automated image analysis; errors in interpretation of the content of geosystems; errors in the selection of interpretation keys; and finally errors in generalization and the extrapolation of results. The total error in geosystem indication from remote sensing imagery can be determined by an analysis of these particular errors. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1988, No. 4, pp. 98-107.     

高分辨率遥感影像波段配准误差试验分析

高分辨率遥感影像波段间配准误差是影响影像质量及其应用精度的重要因素之一。配准误差指标要求是影像传感器研发中 的一项重要参数。为准确分析配准误差对遥感应用的影响程度，在试验研究中利用多项式模型模拟各种配准误差的图像，并从几何 精校正、目视解译、非监督分类实验及数据融合等角度分析了不同波段配准误差情况下对遥感应用的影响，提出了遥感应用中对高 空间分辨率卫星影像的波段配准指标要求。     

REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN THE STUDY OF SETTLEMENT ON ALLUVIAL FANS

The authors describe how remote sensing imagery may be employed in the zonation and mapping of the alluvial fans of the Fergana Basin, USSR. Settlement patterns depicted on these maps can then be analyzed by planners and civil defense personnel with a view toward minimizing risks posed by natural hazards endemic to alluvial fans: mudflows and other seismically triggered mass movements. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 3, pp. 50-55.     

THE USE OF REFLECTANCE OF OIL-POLLUTED SOILS IN MONITORING FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A method is presented whereby soil reflectance on remote sensing imagery is used to estimate the level of soil pollution by oil production operations. This method can be used in lieu of the dangerous and toxic solvents now widely employed, and has the additional advantage of applicability to much larger areas. It is based on the construction of a graph and derivative equations depicting the relationship between the spectral reflectances of soils and the soil hydrocarbon content of sample soil plots. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiyand V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom kho-zyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 161–165.     

高分辨率遥感影像在重庆市土地利用动态监测中的应用

本文阐述了高分辨率遥感影像应用于重庆市土地利用动态监测的技术过程及方法。详细介绍了监测过程中运用到的遥感影像几何纠正、融合、变化信息提取等处理技术,同时针对重庆市复杂的地形情况给出了一定的建议。为遥感技术在重庆市国土资源规划、管理中的深入应用提供一定参考。     

REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY AND ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF COASTAL ZONES

Materials derived from aerial and space surveys provided the basis for compilation of a series of geomorphological, geological, morphostructural, and lithodynamic maps as well as a map showing sources of manmade pollution. A derivative map of geoecological regions based on these maps makes it possible to estimate qualitatively the ecological state of any coastal region. The Buor-Khaya Gulf of the Laptev Sea is used as a test case. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geomorfologiya, 1995, No. 4, pp. 23-34.     

SOIL-GEOBOTANICAL REGIONALIZATION FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A multiscalar approach to mapping soil-vegetation regions from remote sensing imagery is outlined, using the West Siberian Lowland as a study area. At an initial stage small-scale space imagery is used to identify extensive soil-vegetation regions which extend across nearly the entire Lowland. Subsequent analysis focuses on identification and mapping of increasingly smaller units. The dominant criteria used for image interpretation and regionalization vary at each particular level of analysis, changing from vegetation structure and density at the smallest scales to soil “hydromorphism” (waterlogging) and topographic affiliations for intermediate- and large-scale units. Hydromorphic indicators are stressed as most important overall. Translated from: Distantsionnyye issledovaniya rel'yefa Sibiri, A. L. Yanshin and V. N. Sharapov, eds. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985, pp. 51-58.     

四湖地区洪水期遥感图像的解译

本文根据Landsat TM影像数据磁带和地面实况调查资料,提出了洪水期影像的解译方法,并以肖家湖实验区为例,解译了该区洪水期的影像。通过监督分类和非监督分类估算了洪水淹没范围;根据比值植被指数图像解译出了不同受灾程度作物的分布;用NDVI计算作物的受灾损失,并对结果进行了讨论。     

STUDY AND MAPPING OF LAND USE FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN AGRICULTURAL MONITORING

A series of soil and agricultural land-use monitoring activities planned and carried out under the auspices of a local branch of the recently formed State Agro-industrial Committee is outlined. A general discussion of the place of agricultural monitoring within the overall system of environmental monitoring is followed by detailed examples of the use of space photography in preparation of photomapbases of local-level land use maps and in the compilation of the thematic detail of related agricultural maps. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 1, pp. 145-149.     

成矿信息遥感影像模式的判读及统计分析在金矿床预测中的应用

本文以河南省西部熊耳山-外方山区的金矿找矿靶区预测工作为例,阐述了综合运用遥感、物化探信息,建立与控矿地质条件相一致的“线环同现模式”、“多元同现模式”的原理和应用效果;介绍了利用熵函数计算遥感成矿信息的矿化有利度和矿床统计预测过程。     

REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE AND SOIL SCIENCE PART II: REMOTE SOIL MONITORING: ORGANIZATION OF SOIL MONITORING BASED ON REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A paper addressing general issues of concern in organizing a system of soil monitoring based on remote sensing imagery covers such topics as general principles which must be observed, the selection of indices optimizing the acquisition of useful information, and the adoption of suitable methodologies. A subsequent section of the paper focuses on the types of information to be derived from soil monitoring in arid regions and areas susceptible to heightened soil erosion. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 154–161.     

MICROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A method is outlined for the determination of soil moisture content from remote sensing imagery, with consideration of its rapid fluctuation based on meteorological events and other factors (e.g., humus content and character of vegetation). The present paper is devoted to soil moisture detection in the visible, reflected-infrared, and thermal-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in irrigated portions of the Kura-Araks lowland in Soviet Transcaucasia, based on optical density measurements from image negatives, for the most part. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 183–189.     

DETERMINING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A paper devoted to applications of remote sensing in the analysis of marine biological productivity focuses on two major methodological issues: (1) the selection of productivity indicators, and (2) the choice of combinations of imaging conditions and sensor capabilities providing for the optimal recognition of these indicators. The list of the former includes indicators identifiable both from tonal and pattern characteristics and from relative location. A procedure for determining the latter is outlined in the form of equations, and figures and tables derived from them demonstrate levels of photographic contrast obtainable at various wavelengths and imaging heights. Translated from: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy: Geodeziya i aerofotos'yemka, 1987, No. 4, pp. 73-78.     

PRINCIPLES OF MAPPING THE SOIL-VEGETATION STRUCTURE IN WEST SIBERIA BASED ON REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

Procedures for mapping the soil-vegetation structure of West Siberia on the basis of remote sensing images are described. Four principal stages are involved: interpretation of individual structures on the images; determination of the functions of the interpreted structures; classification of soil-vegetation structures; and mapping of the territory by types of soil-vegetation structures (micro-, meso- and microstructures). Particular attention is given to detection of soil-vegetation hydromorphism using remote sensing imagry, important in the swampy Western Siberian environment, and the special problems related to image scale. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1990, No. 1, pp. 138–145.