第四系的正式地位和定义初步确定

国际地层委员会最新表决通过第四系为系级年代地层单位,它位于新近系之上,底界由意大利西西里岛的Monte San Nicola"金钉子"定义,也就是由定义格拉斯阶底界的"金钉子"来定义,年龄值约为2.59Ma;更新统的底界也下移到这个位置,格拉斯阶划归更新统,长期争论的第四系的地位和定义问题有望得到解决。     

全球上新统-更新统界线层型剖面和点位介绍

上新统 -更新统界线 ,即新近系 -第四系界线 ,一直是各国地学工作者所关注的问题。在伦敦第 1 8届国际地质大会 (1 948)上通过的有关这一时限的术语和认识方面的建议 ,其中不乏分歧。精确定义这一界线已成为解决这些问题的关键。 1 95 7年 ,在马德里第五届 INQUA(国际第四纪研究联合会 )大会上国际第四纪研究联合会专门成立了一个上新统 -更新统界线分会。尔后 ,该分会作为国际地科联和国际地层委员会的工作组开始行使职能 ,其目标在于建立上新统 -更新统界线的定义标准并确定合适的界线层型剖面。现在 ,意大利南部卡拉布里亚的弗里卡剖面…     

第三系和第四系:取消,还是保留?

1989年和2000年,国际地球科学协会(IUGS)的国际地层委员会(ICS)公布了一个“全球地层表”,其中,第三系被取消,新生界由古近系、新近系和第四系组成。2004年,ICS公布了新的地层年代表,第三系和第四系均被取消,新生界只包括古近系和新近系两个系,将新近系延长到现代。第三系和第四系术语的取消与保留,在国际上形成了赞成与反对两种意见。美国德克萨斯大学地球科学系的Amos Salvador在AAPG通报上发表文章,明确反对取消第三系和第四系。Amos Salvador查询了1980年以来的19种期刊,其中5种来自北美,3种来自拉丁美洲,9种来自欧洲,澳大利亚…     

国际新元古代年代地层学研究进展与发展趋势

国际地层委员会末元古系分会1989年正式成立以来,经过各国地层古生物学家近十五年的努力,国际末前寒武纪年代地层学研究已取得很大进展.全球末元古系的正式名称--埃迪卡拉系(Ediacaran)以及埃迪卡拉系的底界层型已经国际地科联批准,在国际地层委员会2004年版"国际地层表"中被正式应用(Gradstein et al.,2004).本文综合近年来国际地层委员会末元古系分会有关文件和部分委员的有关建议,对国际新元古代年代地层学研究的进展与未来发展动向作一概要介绍,以期引起国内晚前寒武纪地层古生物学者的广泛关注.     

国际地层委员会(ISC)和国际第四纪联合会(INQUA)建立第四系联合任务小组

一个多世纪以来,有关第四纪的争论一直不断(第四纪算不算一个正式的年代地层单位,它的时限如何),尤其是“国际地层表,,(2004)未将第四系作为一个正式的年代地层单位,引起了激烈争论。为了解决第四系的定义问题,2004年9月国际第四纪联合会(INQUA)主席John Clague和国际地层委员会(ISC)主席F．M．Gradstein在国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)主席Ed de Mulder的支持下决定建立一个第四纪联合任务小组(The ICS—INQUA joint task force on the Quaternary),     

南祁连盆地哈拉湖坳陷青徳地2井三叠系天然气水合物储层特征及其意义

哈拉湖地区目前基本属于地质空白区,有关天然气水合物形成及分布的研究较少,尤其针对该地区天然气水合物储层研究与认识较为有限。青徳地2井(QH-2)位于南祁连盆地哈拉湖坳陷西部,为坳陷内首口天然气水合物调查深井,钻遇第四系、新近系-古近系和三叠系。以青徳地2井三叠系主要储集岩层段岩心为研究对象,通过岩石薄片观察以及孔隙度、渗透率、密度、铸体薄片等物性测试,结合测井资料开展哈拉湖坳陷储层特征研究,结果表明: 青德地2井三叠系储层分布较广,厚度巨大,但储集性能整体较差,绝大部分属非常规储集层,且整体裂隙较不发育,较难形成类似木里地区固结岩层中的裂隙型水合物及孔隙型水合物,而该区冻土层下存在厚层第四系松散沉积物及裂隙相对发育的古近系-新近系,可为天然气水合物形成提供良好的储集空间。     

第四系还有吗？

自“国际地层表”（2004）将第四系从“国际地层表”中取消之后，反响强烈。由于国际地科联并没有批准取消第四系，所以有关第四系存在与否的不同意见还在激烈争辩中。2005年9月在比利时召开了国际地层委员会的工作会议，就这一问题再次进行专题讨论，讨论的最后结果有待国际地层委员会正式分布，但似乎已可不必担心“第四系被取消”了。     

柴达木盆地西部油田卤水的硫同位素地球化学特征

柴达木盆地西部赋存于古近系-新近系、第四系地层的9件卤水样品的稳定硫同位素比值和水化学组成分析发现,油田卤水相对于地表浅层卤水富Ca2+,贫Mg2+、SO2-4,具CaCl2型卤水特征.结合δ34S值和SO2-4含量,表明浅层卤水的硫同位素比值与盐湖水化学类型和硫酸根离子含量有关.硫酸盐型的盐湖中,卤水的硫同位素比值与硫酸根离子含量呈正比;氯化物型的盐湖中,浅层卤水的硫同位素比值较低,且低于硫酸盐型的盐湖卤水.对深部油田卤水而言,有明显偏正的硫同位素比值,说明受到有烃类参加的高温还原作用或者微生物(细菌)还原作用的影响,富集硫同位素.正是由于硫酸盐的还原作用,卤水的化学演化过程中改变了卤水的水化学性质,沉积了大量的氯化物型卤水,为液体钾盐矿床的形成奠定了基础.     

江孜县幅、亚东县幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

对分布在高喜马拉雅带中的结晶岩系进行了重新划分,在其下部新建立"亚东岩群".在北喜马拉雅的康马隆起带基底变质岩系之上首次发现奥陶系.在江孜盆地新发现一套古近纪海相地层--"甲查拉组".在雅鲁藏布江带南缘新发现下中三叠统"穷果群".在高喜马拉雅带变质岩系中解体出加里东期变质变形花岗岩类侵入体(锆石年龄502Ma±9Ma～513Ma±10Ma),与哈金桑惹-康马隆起带中变质变形侵入体的侵位年龄相近(461～500Ma).查明了本区的构造格架、构造组合、构造样式,以及藏南拆离构造的分布、剪切方向,新发现存在南北向褶皱变形.对区内第四系进行了详细划分,查明了第四系成因类型、空间结构和形成时代.     

济源-开封坳陷西南部电性结构研究及地热资源远景区预测

应用大地电磁测深(MT)法对济源-开封坳陷西南部深部地层结构和隐伏断裂进行探测研究,共布设了4条MT剖面,获得了84个测深点。通过对大地电磁测深数据的处理、分析和反演,获得了研究区内6 km以浅的二维地电结构模型。结合以往地震和区域地质资料,地层由上至下依次划分为第四系-新近系、古近系、三叠系、二叠系-石炭系、下古生界-元古界。推断了老鸦陈断裂F1与推断断裂F2的位置、产状,其中F1断裂西侧缺失古近系沉积,二者可能对新生代地层沉积厚度有明显的控制作用。认为研究区内有利热储层位应为新近系馆陶组及断裂交汇处附近的三叠系地层。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861