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地面核磁共振方法是一种直接探测地下水信息的地球物理勘查方法,本文将该无损探测技术用于土石坝的渗流安全评估试验。由于探测的核磁共振信号源于地下水中的氢质子,则可以确保核磁共振响应仅与地下水信息有关。利用地面核磁共振方法直接找水的技术优势,探测堤坝的浸润面,以判断堤坝的渗流(漏)隐患,为堤坝尤其是小型病险水库堤坝、易发事故的堤防的病险诊断提供一种便捷、高效和可重复利用的方法。通过NUMISPOLY多道核磁共振探测系统在某原体大坝检测中的试验,得到原体大坝的浸润面,进而对土石坝进行渗流(漏)隐患的评估,该方法为堤坝渗流(漏)隐患探测提供了一种有效而可靠的新方法。 相似文献
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堤防隐患探测一直是黄河治理中的一大技术难题,目前仍然是采用徒步拉网的方式对大堤隐患进行较直观的普查,而对大堤内部的隐患却无法探测到。为此,河南黄河河务局组织有关人员采用相对成熟的HWH-1型多功能数字直流激电仪对黄河下游堤防进行了生产性探测,本文对探测原理、探测方法、典型成果分析和存在的问题做了论述,并提出了建议。 相似文献
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土石堤坝是我国水利工程建设的重要组成部分,其隐患问题严重威胁着工程安全,随着地球物理探测技术呈现多样性发展,综合物探技术的研究对堤坝隐患的及时发现和治理有着极为重要的意义,通过对目前常用于土石堤坝隐患探测的地球物理探测技术原理和应用特性进行梳理分析,总结了常用物探技术的局限性和适用条件;概括了综合物探技术的体系原则,阐述了基于GIS的综合物探数据分析系统;指出了目前综合物探技术发展中存在的问题和局限性;提出了基于多源异构数据融合方法的综合物探数据融合技术;明确了建立基于数据融合与联合反演理论模型的可行性,为实现真正意义上的综合物探技术的发展提供了方向. 相似文献
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近年来,水库渗漏问题一直困扰着我们,虽然目前已开展应用的渗漏探测技术较多,但是当渗漏条件较复杂的情况下,探测效果往往不尽如意,且鲜有渗漏三维探测技术.本文,笔者介绍了一种新型的水库渗漏探测技术——磁电阻率法,该技术能够快速、无损、有效地探测渗漏通道.首先,介绍了该方法的技术原理、工作模式与技术优势;然后,结合实际工程,依托具有典型渗漏特点的平原水库开展了现场试验研究,介绍包括了现场工作布置、数据处理、成果分析、现场验证等内容;最后,对该方法进行了总结与展望. 相似文献
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利用电阻率层析成像技术,对辉县市常村镇尖圪头水库溶洞进行了探测。水库库底内的破碎、裂缝以及溶洞等隐患部位有清晰的反映。水库库底的隐患探测具有重要价值和意义,是水库安全的保障,而且关系到局部地区安全的大事。 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations (CSs), as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations (GSs) are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus (defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/(s·km^2)) and the sediment transport modulus (defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/(yr km^2)) are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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文章介绍了油气开发中主要关心的油气藏、井场设备及套管的监测技术和运用效果,油气藏监测主要是剩余油和油藏储藏物性的监测,套损直接影响油、水井的使用寿命、油、气产量和注水效果,井场设备运行的好坏直接关系油、气产量和注水效果,输油(注水)管道泄漏造成资源的浪费、人身伤害和环境污染事故.通过地球物理、地球化学及油气藏工程等检测和监测技术认识油气藏流体分布、性质、运动状态,评价套管、管线及井场设备的健康状况,为油田优化开发方案的制定、管理及实施提供依据. 相似文献