藏南特提斯晚侏罗世维美组的沉积环境

对维美组的沉积结构、构造、动物群生态特征、地层展布情况和放射虫硅质岩的产出环境等进行了分析,认为维美组与其南部的同期沉积门卡墩组顶部石英砂岩一样,同属典型的滨浅海沉积,晚侏罗世康马-隆子和北喜马拉雅地层分区为统一的滨浅海,不存在次深海-深海环境.层序地层分析表明,当时曾发生了陆架海退和陆架暴露事件,造成了大面积石英砂岩的沉积和相关的层序不整合界面.侏罗纪的沉积环境演化与古地理变迁说明,藏南特提斯被动大陆边缘自形成以来并非一成不变,而是经历了多次活动、稳定,海侵、海退的过程.     

藏南特提斯晚侏罗世维美组的沉积环境

对维美组的沉积结构、构造、动物群生态特征、地层展布情况和放射虫硅质岩的产出环境等进行了分析,认为维美组与其南部的同期沉积门卡墩组顶部石英砂岩一样,同属典型的滨浅海沉积,晚侏罗世康马-隆子和北喜马拉雅地层分区为统一的滨浅海,不存在次深海—深海环境。层序地层分析表明,当时曾发生了陆架海退和陆架暴露事件,造成了大面积石英砂岩的沉积和相关的层序不整合界面。侏罗纪的沉积环境演化与古地理变迁说明,藏南特提斯被动大陆边缘自形成以来并非一成不变,而是经历了多次活动、稳定,海侵、海退的过程。     

西藏南部羊卓雍措地区晚侏罗世维美组沉积特征及环境演化

通过沉积岩石学、岩相学、粒度分析等研究方法,对维美组沉积特征、沉积环境及演化提出新的认识和探讨。晚侏罗世维美组主要为一套陆源碎屑物质沉积,沉积期共经历4个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回的岩石组合大致为含砾石英砂岩-中、粗粒石英砂岩-细粒石英砂岩(长石石英砂岩)-粉砂岩(泥岩、页岩),由底到顶粒度变细,层厚减薄。识别出6种岩相类别:含砾石英砂岩、石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、薄层页岩-泥岩互层;发现平行层理、水平层理、粒序层理和重荷模等沉积构造;识别出陆棚、滨岸和陆棚下切河道3类沉积相,其中陆棚相包括内陆棚和外陆棚亚相,滨岸相包括近滨上部和近滨下部亚相;陆棚下切河道充填结构大致为:下部河道砂砾岩层,中部不等粒长石砂岩、杂砂岩层,上部细粒石英砂岩、泥岩层。综合来看,维美组沉积环境为位于克拉通边缘上浅海环境,沉积物质及沉积序列受海平面升降变化影响显著,主要形成于全球海平面下降之后上升的阶段。     

特提斯-喜马拉雅北带侏罗纪——白垩纪界线层序地层分析

侏罗纪、白垩纪是特提斯-喜马拉雅海区演化过程中的一个极其重要的阶段,其沉积物蕴涵着新特提斯早期演变的丰富信息。通过实测浪卡子县多久乡卡东晚侏罗世—早白垩世地层剖面,结合前人的研究成果,在对剖面进行层序地层分析的基础上,识别出4个三级层序。特提斯-喜马拉雅海区晚侏罗世层序地层总体上表现为海退的进积序列,反映了特提斯-喜马拉雅海区持续收缩和海平面下降的过程;早白垩世层序地层总体表现为海进的退积序列,反映了特提斯洋壳的扩张阶段。早白垩世桑秀组可以分为2个层序,第一个层序为Ⅰ型层序,镜下观察表明,早白垩世桑秀组底部的砂岩为近源沉积,属滨浅海相沉积,为低水位体系域,颗粒的定向性指示该区后期受到强烈的挤压作用;中部为次深海沉积,为海侵和高水位体系域;第二个层序为Ⅱ型层序,发育陆棚边缘体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域,由陆棚、火山陆隆和浊流沉积组成。甲不拉组的砾岩属于新层序的开始,为低水位体系域。该剖面海平面相对变化曲线与同期全球海平面相对变化曲线基本一致。该区层序形成的控制因素包括构造沉降-火山活动、海平面相对变化和沉积物供应。结合锆石SHR IM P年代学研究可以确定侏罗纪/白垩纪的界线位于前人认为的维美组上部砂岩之底。     

强制海退体系域识别特征及其油气意义

利用地震沉积学、层序地层学的相关理论和方法,结合钻测井数据、地震反射结构特征、均方根振幅属性和滨线迁移轨迹特征等资料,对珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡21 Ma强制海退体系域的识别特征、演化模式和油气意义进行了探讨,指出该体系域在平行物源方向具有高角度斜交型前积反射,其前端靠近盆地中心发育具丘状反射的盆底扇,滨线迁移轨迹呈向盆地方向逐级下降的趋势。结果表明:强制海退体系域在垂直物源方向发育"U"型的下切谷,内部为平行的地震反射充填结构;测井曲线为漏斗形和箱型的组合特征,表现为多个四级相对海平面变化控制的准层序组,且每个准层序组都具有向上水体变浅和顶部突然变深的特征;强制海退体系域之下为前期层序高位体系域的前三角洲或陆架泥岩,其上沉积了海侵体系域和高位体系域的半深海暗色泥岩,同时受陆架坡折带地层尖灭和断裂沟通深部油源的控制,可形成有利的生、储、盖组合,是寻找岩性油气藏的有利场所。     

青海曲麻莱一带三叠纪地层岩石粒度分析与沉积环境探讨

青海曲麻莱一带三叠纪地层主要是一套海相类复理石沉积,岩性组合为岩屑砂岩、长石石英砂岩、钙质砂岩、粉砂岩和板岩。通过实测地层剖面取样,采用薄片图像粒度法获取岩石的粒度参数,绘制了粒度频率分布曲线、概率累积频率曲线和C-M图,分析结果表明：岩石粒度正态频率分布曲线较为对称,峰态中等,概率累积频率曲线为较光滑的曲线,内部没有明显的突变点,在C-M图上呈平行C=M基线的矩形,显示出浊流沉积特征。结合地层基本层序和沉积构造特征,认为这套地层总体为半深海—深海浊流沉积环境,自下而上呈现出浅海陆棚—半深海浊积盆地—深海环境演化特点。     

库鲁克塔格地区奥陶系层序地层与海平面变化

出露于新疆库鲁克塔格地区的奥陶系揭示出一个完整长周期(Ⅰ级周期)的海侵-海退沉积序列。这个沉积序列由9个Ⅲ级层序和3个Ⅱ级层序构成,反映了短周期(Ⅲ和Ⅱ级周期)的海平面变化。下奥陶统是在长周期海侵背景下形成的,为一套主体在次深海环境下形成的层序组合———Ⅱ级层序A;中奥陶统是长周期海平面波动的背景下形成的,为一套主体在次深海-浅海陆棚环境下形成的层序组合———Ⅱ级层序B;上奥陶统是长周期海退背景下形成的,为一套主体在浅海-滨海环境下形成的层序组合———Ⅱ级层序C。库鲁克塔格地区奥陶系层序地层特征及其揭示的海平面变化是盆地形成与转变的构造机制的响应。奥陶纪是早古生代盆地发生盆地类型转化的关键时期,即从寒武纪-早奥陶世的裂陷盆地,经中奥陶世的过渡,转化为晚奥陶世-志留纪的前陆盆地。由于后期的构造变动本区现已成为塔里木盆地东北边缘隆起。     

贵州省独山江寨地区下泥盆统碎屑岩物性、粒度特征及沉积环境讨论

通过对独山江寨地区下泥盆统丹林组、舒家坪组的石英砂岩、含砾砂岩的粒度分析,并结合上述两个地层组岩性组合和沉积构造特征,对该时期沉积环境进行了详细分析,识别出该地区下泥盆统为无障壁滨岸相的砂(砾)质高能海岸型沉积环境,层序特征具海岸沙丘-后滨(海滩砂脊)-前滨-临滨亚相的三个退积沉积旋回序列。     

新疆和田县甜水海地区上石炭统恰提尔组地质特征及沉积环境

新疆和田县甜水海地区上石炭统恰提尔组沉积地层沉积了一套陆源碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩地层,岩石类型较多,且灰岩中化石发育。该套地层主要岩石类型包括：泥质板岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质板岩、石英砂岩、含岩屑石英砂岩以及微晶灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、角砾灰岩等。根据野外地质特征由下至上可将其划分为三个岩性段;结合岩石类型及岩性组合可以识别出三种沉积相带：浅海陆棚相、碳酸盐岩台地—斜坡相、滨岸相,它们共同组成了一个海侵—海退的沉积旋回,与区域上裂解事件相对应。     

胜利油区石炭二叠系含煤地层层序地层学初探

胜利油区石炭二叠系含煤地层包括中石炭统本溪组、上石炭统太原组和下二叠统山西组。可识别出潮坪沉积、障壁岛湖沉积和三角洲沉积三种沉积类型。根据区域地质及古生物资料,确定了三个等时面,划分出２个层序１４个准层序,每个层序包括低位体系域、海侵体系域及高位体系域,而以高位体系域最发育。纵观整个含煤地层的沉积演化过程,本溪组沉积期以滨浅海相为主;太原组沉积期为海陆交替相;山西组沉积期以三角洲相为主,总体表现为海退层序。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.