2009—2010年黔东北地区夏秋冬连旱成因分析

该文利用黔东北地区10个气象观测站1961—2010年逐日平均雨量资料、美国NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料以及国家气候中心提供的环流特征量资料,分析了2009—2010年黔东北地区持续干旱的时空分布及其同期大气环流的异常特征,指出2009—2010黔东北地区地区特大干旱与大气环流异常有很大的关系,中高纬度环流及西太平洋副热带高压、西风带环流、低层流场、水汽输送以及垂直运动持续异常都有关。     

中国西南地区春旱特征及其异常环流分析

利用中国西南地区云、贵、川、渝四省市95个气象台站1961-2017年逐日气温和降水量数据及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料，计算了57年来西南地区春季季节尺度标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）,分析了西南地区春季干旱时空变化特征、干旱的异常环流特征及异常海温分布特征。结果表明，1961-2017年中国西南地区西部变暖变湿，东部变暖变干；SPEI指数存在明显的年代际变化特征；西南地区SPEI指数主模态呈整体一致分布，第二模态呈东西反相分布；对流层低层自西南地区的异常东北气流及青藏高原南侧的异常东风气流不利于源于印度洋和孟加拉湾的水汽向西南地区输送，200hPa副热带西风急流异常对西南地区干旱有重大影响，200hPa上西南地区表现异常辐合，配合中层显著的异常下沉运动，容易造成西南地区干旱；太平洋、印度洋海温异常，会影响大气环流，进而影响西南地区的旱涝情况。     

2006年夏季西南地区东部特大干旱及其大气环流异常

利用1959-2006年西南地区东部20个测站的逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及国家气候中心提供的环流特征量资料,分析了2006年夏季西南地区东部特大干旱的时空分布及其同期大气环流的异常特征.结果表明,2006年夏季西南地Ⅸ东部少雨时段从6月中旬初开始一直持续到9月上旬中后期,达80多天,其中7月下旬中期到9月上旬中期降水尤其稀少.西南地区东部区域6、7、8月及整个夏季(6-8月)降水都偏少,降水指数显示2006年是西南地区东部1959年以来夏季降水最少的年份.2006年夏季西南地区特大干旱与大气环流异常有很大的关系,中高纬度环流及西太平洋副热带高压、西风带环流、南亚岛压、低层流场、水汽输送以及垂直运动等都持续异常.西太平洋副高异常偏北且偏西和副高异常偏弱且偏东时,两南地区东部都日,能出现严重干旱,2006年夏季属于副高控制性高温伏旱.西太平洋副高偏强偏北偏西,同时伴随南亚高压偏强偏东,西南地区东部在副高控制下,盛行下沉气流,同时也抑制了向该地的水汽输送,再加上西风带环流以及中高纬环流配置不利于冷空气南下,因而2006夏季西南地区东部少雨干旱.青藏高原热源偏弱,菲律宾附近地区对流非常活跃,是引起2006年夏季西太平洋副商偏强偏北偏西的重要原因.     

1961-2018年西南地区夏季干旱变化特征及其与环流异常的联系

利用1961—2018年中国西南地区312站降水观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及海表温度资料,采用夏季SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index)指数作为干旱指数,研究了西南地区夏季干旱变化特征及其与环流异常的联系。结果表明:西南地区夏季总体呈现变干趋势,尤其在云南、四川东南部干旱化趋势显著。当西南地区夏季显著干旱时,该地区对流层低层辐散、上层辐合,且向该地区的水汽输送偏少。造成西南地区干旱维持的原因可归结为大气波动活动异常和海温异常强迫。前者通过西风带扰动向下游的能量频散,为西南地区低层辐散、上层辐合的环流异常的形成和维持提供了必要的扰动能量积聚;后者通过热带西北太平洋异常热源对大气的强迫,使得该地区对流层低层(上层)形成异常辐合(辐散),在西南地区和热带西北太平洋形成了斜向垂直环流,使西南地区受下沉气流控制,从而形成了利于降水显著偏少和干旱发生并维持的条件。     

2021年陕西极端秋雨事件环流特征及成因

利用国家气候中心提供的88项环流指数资料、 陕西省101个气象站逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR 25°×25°逐日再分析资料,分析了2021年陕西极端秋雨期间的大气环流特征及成因,结果表明：持续受冷暖气流共同影响,陕西出现了长达52 d的秋雨事件,秋雨出现早、结束晚,呈现自北向南增多的空间分布特征,较气候态降水量异常偏大;500 hPa高度场距平在中高纬“东高西低”的环流分布形态和巴尔喀什湖到贝加尔湖地区的显著负异常区,有利于引导高空槽底部分裂冷空气南下;低纬度异常偏强、偏西、偏大的副热带高压有利于外围暖湿气流向西北地区东部输送水汽和能量;850 hPa风场上东北地区东部存在的异常反气旋环流引导偏东路径的冷湿气流与来自孟加拉湾、南海及西北太平洋的充沛暖湿气流在西北地区形成水汽汇,造成陕西降水偏多;陕西持续位于40°N的高空急流入口区南侧,具备高空辐散、低层辐合的有利动力条件;稳定维持在105°E～110°E的θse能量锋区,多次受弱冷空气侵入,是导致秋雨中出现暴雨的主要原因。     

中国西南地区东部秋季干旱的环流特征及其成因分析

利用1961--2010年NCEP／NCAR再分析资料和全国753站月平均降水资料,研究了我国西南地区东部秋季干旱的环流特征及其成因。结果表明,西南地区东部秋季降水存在明显的年际和年代际变化。其中,年代际变化主要表现为,在20世纪80年代中后期,降水存在由多转少的突变;降水量年际变化则与苏门答腊一西太平洋和热带东太平洋的海温分布存在很好的关系。当苏门答腊一西太平洋和东太平洋海温呈现“＋-”异常分布时,引起大气热源的异常,加强哈德莱环流,同时,在南海及孟加拉湾附近激发出异常气旋性环流,而西南地区东部则处于南海气旋性环流外围异常偏北气流控制,削弱了孟加拉湾的水汽输送,从而造成西南地区东部的干旱。通过大气环流模式NCARCAM3．0（Community Atmosphere Model3．0）的海温异常试验,验证了上述观测结论。     

2011年夏季气候异常及主要异常事件成因分析

本文对2011年夏季的中国气候及大气环流异常特征进行分析,发现我国总体气温偏高,降水偏少。西北西部、华北南部、江淮至江南一带,西南地区东部等地出现了阶段性的较大范围极端高温天气过程。西南地区东部和广西等地出现严重干旱;而长江下游地区降水显著偏多。进一步对中国气候异常事件的成因分析表明：异常高压的长期维持,孟加拉湾的向北水汽输送偏弱及西太平洋副热带高压位置偏东使其西侧的东南和偏南水汽输送对我国西南地区影响小是导致西南地区严重干旱的大气环流因素;2010年秋季出现的中部型拉尼娜事件可能是西南干旱的一个重要外强迫条件。2011年夏季亚洲极涡偏弱偏小,欧亚中高纬地区经向环流偏强,有利于冷空气南下;同时,中纬度西太平洋地区海温持续偏低而激发反气旋性环流产生,造成西太平洋副高偏大偏强,冷暖气流在长江下游地区交汇造成降水显著偏多。     

西南地区秋季干旱的年代际转折及其可能原因分析

采用1961~2012年中国气象局753站降水和温度资料、NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料、NOAA海表温度资料等,应用观测统计分析和全球大气环流模式NCAR CAM5.1数值模拟,基于标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),对我国西南秋季干旱的年代际转折及其可能原因进行了分析。观测分析结果表明:(1)西南秋季干旱的主要分布型为全区一致型;西南秋季SPEI在1994年发生年代际突变,突变后(前)为偏旱(涝)期。(2)西南秋季偏旱期的主要环流特征是,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏西、面积偏大、强度偏强,南支槽偏弱,西南地区存在下沉运动。(3)热带东印度洋-西太平洋的海表温度年代际升高对西南秋季SPEI在1994年发生年代际突变有重要作用,该关键海区海表温度异常升高,一是会使秋季西南地区500 hPa高度场偏高,南支槽减弱;二是产生偏强的Hadley环流,使得我国西南地区存在下沉运动;三是会在西太平洋激发气旋性环流,使我国西南地区被偏北气流控制,削弱了向我国西南地区的水汽输送,容易造成该地区的秋季干旱。应用NCAR CAM5.1全球大气环流模式进行了关键海区海表温度年代际变化的敏感性试验,验证了观测分析结果,即秋季关键海区海表温度年代际升高对西南秋季年代际变旱有重要作用。     

2018年盛夏大连地区极端高温干旱天气环流特征及成因分析

利用1951—2018年大连地区7个站的逐日气温和降水资料、2018年7—8月220个自动站的降水资料及1948—2018年NCEP逐日再分析资料,对2018年盛夏大连地区极端高温干旱天气过程的基本特征及大气环流异常成因进行分析.结果表明:大连地区各站的高温日数和高温持续日数均列历史首位,持续无降水日数远超历史同期纪录...     

西北东部夏季极端干旱事件机理分析

利用国家气候中心提供的1951—2012年逐日降水、温度、综合气象干旱指数、逐月NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,采用REOF分析、动力诊断、相关分析以及合成分析等方法,从大气环流异常特征、高空急流与季风异常等方面揭示西北东部夏季极端干旱事件的可能机理。研究发现西北东部夏季发生极端干旱时,副热带急流轴"倾斜",且急流与东亚夏季风强度均处于相对偏弱阶段。极端干旱的成因研究表明:急流轴"倾斜"及其强度减弱导致西北东部地区高层大范围的异常辐合;该地区为水汽源区,对流层整层水汽收支显著亏损;此外,该地区低层盛行来自内陆干旱区的异常西南风,东亚夏季风强度偏弱,高低层配置及大尺度环流形势不利于降水产生。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.