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近年来,矿物学除矿物标型特征、成因矿物学、找矿矿物学、矿物物理学等基础研究外,矿物材料及应用研究是其一大特色;岩石研究则更多地与构造演化、地幔作用相联系;研究领域的不断扩大、不同学科相互渗透交叉、新生长点的涌现是当前地球一个发展趋势。 相似文献
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成因矿物学是现代矿物学的重要组成部分。它研究矿物与矿物组合的时空分布、矿物各内外属性间的关联、矿物形成与变化的条件和过程、矿物与其介质间的相互作用及相应的宏微观标志、和矿物成因分类及矿物成因信息的应用等方面的内容。矿物发生史、矿物标型学、矿物温压计、矿物共生分析和矿物成因分类共同构成本学科的理论体系。其中,矿物标型学是该体系的核心。以陈光远先生为代表的中国矿物学家,在20世纪下半叶,创新性地开展了成因矿物族的研究,建立了完善的成因矿物学理论体系,提出矿物标型六性和矿物学填图的四化法则,提出变质岩、花岗岩、铅锌铁金辰砂萤石等矿床的矿物成因标型和找矿标志,有力地指导了中国的地质研究和找矿实践。进入21世纪以来,矿物学填图参数和方法被进一步发掘和完善,矿物磁学和近红外谱学等便捷填图手段得到广泛应用;大纵深蚀变矿化和矿物标型分带规律得以揭示;矿物标型的地球动力学、构造动力学和矿物系统的演化意义得到深度阐释;成因矿物学作为环境与生命过程研究的指导思想,逐步形成了环境与生命矿物学新分支,将矿物个体发生及矿物标型的思想用于对鱼耳石和有孔虫等生物矿物环境响应的研究,将矿物生物交互作用思想用于土壤能量系统修复研究,将矿物环境耦合思想用于生物有机质对矿物自组装结构和过程的调控研究以及海洋矿物对海洋及大气环境的指示研究等,极大地丰富了矿物发生学和矿物标型学的理论。今后应注意有关成果的系统整合,加强矿物个体发生史的实验研究,保障原创性成果的产出;要注重国际交流,使我国成因矿物学的成果真正成为人类的共同精神财富。 相似文献
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本文讨论了哀牢山金矿带原生金矿床矿物组合特征、金矿物及载金矿物的形态、化学成分、晶体结构、物理性质、包裹体成分方面的找矿标型特征和找矿矿物学标志。 相似文献
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本文介绍苏联矿物学,特别是成因矿物学、找矿矿物学的发展趋势.近年来苏联在成因矿物学方面对矿物标型、共生组合以及成矿溶液的性质、成矿物质来源和矿床分带的矿物学标志的研究取得较大进展;在寻找黑色含碳页岩特大型金矿床及其它矿床中,找矿矿物学发挥了重要作用. 相似文献
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新疆抄尔布拉克金矿床成因矿物学成矿模式 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过沙尔布拉克金矿床标型矿物组合中黄铁矿,毒砂及石英的化学成分,矿物包裹体及同位素等标型特征及时空演化的研究,论述了该矿体系地下热卤水溶滤型的成因矿物学成矿模式。 相似文献
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作者对湘南的岩控矿床成矿系列开展了系统的找矿矿物学研究,内容主要有:矿化分带和蚀变分带及其找矿标志,硫盐类矿物、方解石、石英和黄铁矿的矿物学特征及其找矿标志,并应用这些标志进行成矿预测。湘南地区存在两类岩控型多金属矿床。一类是与地壳重熔型花岗岩有关的钨锡多金属成矿系列,以瑶岗仙、东坡和香花岭等矿田为代表;另一类是与壳幔混熔型花岗闪长岩类有关的铜铅锌多金属成矿系列,以宝山、水口山和铜山岭等矿田为代表。容矿围岩主要为中上泥盆统和下石炭统碳酸盐岩,少量砂页岩。矿床和矿体的分市主要受控于新华夏系构造。 相似文献
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周云簾 《华东地质学院学报》1979,(2)
一、研究标型矿物学的意义: (1)指导矿床的评价和找矿是地质研究中的“指示剂”在许多的矿床中,尤其是某些多期成矿金属的矿床中,除了每一成矿阶段的矿物组合中都存在的“贯通”矿物外,尚有只是在一定阶段才出现的标型矿物。根据这种标型矿物可以判断矿床的生成阶段,例如: 相似文献
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环境矿物学:矿物学在环境科学研究中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
矿物学在环境科学中的应用将是21世纪矿物学研究的一个主要方面。 作者所在实验室曾做过的一些环境矿物学研究的实例有:核废料的处置,矿物表面性质的研究,对有毒金属的还原和固定作用的微生物效应,大气烟尘微粒的研究,矿物表面阳离子的本征吸附常数之理论计算,等等。矿物-水-微生物体系在分子级别上之相互作用的定量研究,对于理解低温地球化学和生物地球化学过程将是重要的。 相似文献
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The composition and structure of mineral substance in shells of three Jurassic ammonites (Cadoceras elatmae) from the Makar’ev South outcrop in Kostroma oblast, Russia, have been studied. The studied shells differ in degree of preservation.
The shell of one ammonite with partly retained internal structure has been replaced with quartz, carbonate-bearing apatite-(CaF),
and newly formed aragonite. Other shells without retained internal structure underwent phosphatization rather than replacement
with quartz. This difference serves as the basis for a discussion on fossilization conditions. Silicification of the shell
supports preservation of its wall and elements of the internal structure. It is suggested that quartz might be biogenic in
origin and was formed in cavities of phosphate substance, which had replaced the soft tissue of ammonites. 相似文献
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我国名贵的田黄宝石,经X-射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析、差热分析及电子显微镜等研究,证实为一种罕见的珍珠石。田黄按宝石状态划分为三种:1.田黄冻,矿物成分主要为珍珠石,有时可见到一点伊利石。2.田黄石,是珍珠石与地开石成不同比例的混合物。3.银裹金,是纯白色半透明的地开石包裹着金黄色的冻状珍珠石。 这种宝石极为罕见难得,仅在我国寿山的坂田砾石层中偶然发现。文中探讨了寻找原生田黄的标志。 相似文献
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月海玄武岩的矿物组成反映了岩浆源区的化学成分以及岩石形成时的物理和化学环境,对月球热演化研究以及月球资源的开发利用都具有重要意义。本文选择延展范围长的冷海为研究区,基于月球矿物成像光谱仪(Moon Mineralogy Mapper,简称M3)数据研究其矿物的空间变化特征。综合利用光谱、地形、元素等多源遥感数据将冷海划分为25个地质单元。提取169条新鲜坑光谱曲线,获取吸收中心波长、波段面积比等光谱参数。通过光谱吸收特征分析,获得冷海玄武岩铁镁质矿物变化特征。东部冷海地层较老,铁镁质矿物主要为单斜辉石,辉石钙含量较月球样品单斜辉石钙偏低,与澄海以及雨海老的地层矿物组成类似。西部冷海和露湾的地质单元较为年轻,富含橄榄石。风暴洋和雨海年轻玄武岩的矿物也富含橄榄石。这种富含橄榄石、大面积分布的玄武岩反映了月球晚期热演化的独特性。尽管地理上冷海为一个独立的月海,其东西部玄武岩矿物组成的差异以及与其同位置周围月海矿物组成的类似性反映了冷海玄武岩源区与周围月海具有联系。 相似文献
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The methods of deriving Fe O and Ti O_2 contents from the Clementine spacecraft data were discussed,and an approach was developed to derive the content from the measurements using the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M~3) instrument on Chandrayaan-1.The density of lunar bedrock was then modeled on the basis of the derived Fe O and Ti O_2 abundances.The Fe O and Ti O_2 abundances derived from the M~3 data were compared with the previous results of the Clementine data and were in good agreement.The Fe O abundance data also agreed well with the Lunar Prospector data,which were used as an independent source.The previous Clementine and newly M~3 derived abundances were compared with the laboratory measured Fe O and Ti O_2 contents in the Apollo and Luna returned samples.The Clementine derived Fe O content was systematically 1%–2%lower than the laboratory measurements in all the returned samples.The M~3 derived content agreed well with the returned Apollo samples and was within±2.8%of the laboratory measurements.The Clementine derived Ti O_2abundance was systematically 0.1%–4%higher than the laboratory measurements of the returned samples.The M~3 derived Ti O_2 agreed well (±0.6%) with the laboratory measurements of the returned samples,except for samples with high Ti O_2content.However,these results should be carefully interpreted because the error range requires verification.No error analysis was provided with the previous Clementine derived contents. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1042-1050
Minerals of the stibnite-antimonselite series, in close association with tiemannite, clausthalite, kullerudite, Se-bearing stibioluzonite, native gold, quartz, and barite, were discovered in Cambrian stratabound gold deposits at La'erma and Qiongmo, western Qinling, China. Based on S/(S + Se) ratios of microprobe analyses, the binary stibnite-antimonselite system is divided into four series: stibnite, Se-stibnite, S-antimonselite, and antimonselite. Micro-hardness of the stibnite series (Sb = 58.47 to 72.99 wt%, S = 11.86 to 28.76, and Se = 0.00 to 29.12) and the antimonselite series (Sb = 48.94 to 59.13 wt%, Se = 29.20 to 46.86, S = 1.99 to 11.43) is 101.26 and 103 kg/mm2, respectively. Representative reflectivities of the four series are (470 nm) Rg'= 42.62 to 47.62%, Rp' = 30.83 to 40.55%; (550 nm) Rg' = 41.84 to 46.75%, Rp'= 31.48 to 38.85%; (590 nm) Rg' = 42.25 to 46.63%, Rp' = 30.73 to 39.46%; (650 nm) Rg' = 43.30 to 46.48%, Rp' = 30.01 to 41.56%. Cell parameters obtained from two stibnite samples (containing 3 to 5% Se) are a = 1.1209 to 1.1212 nm, b = 1.1299 to 1.1303 nm, c = 0.3847 to 0.3849 nm; and those of S-antimonselite and antimonselite are a = 1.1591 to 1.1593 nm, b = 1.1724 to 1.1747 nm, and c = 0.3941 to 0.3984 nm. 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
It has been over 40 years since scientists and engineers attempted to automate optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the mineral liberation characteristics of ores in order to predict their flotation responses. As early as 1963, the first optical instrument equipped with a video camera to analyse grain structure of a sample was produced by Metals Research Instrument Corporation (Image Analysis Company Ltd., 1970), which introduced Quantimet 720, a fully digital image analysis system, in 1969. Remarkably, Quantimet system is still widely used today. 相似文献