河南水洞岭铜多金属矿床地球化学异常特征及找矿标志

水洞岭铜多金属矿床的岩石和土壤地球化学试验研究,表明岩石和土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｂｉ、Ｍｏ元素异常清晰,含矿岩系地球化学演化与元素组合变化的一致性,提出Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｂｉ、Ｍｏ元素可以作为指示元素,并建立了矿床的岩石、土壤地球化学异常概念模式。     

煤中砷,氟,汞,铅,镉在灰化过程中的逸散规律

本文利用现代分析测试和实验模拟手段，时煤中部分有害微量元素：Ａｓ、Ｆ、Ｈｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ在燃煤过程中的逸散规律进行了探讨。发现在煤炭高温灰化过程中，Ａｓ主要赋存于灰化残渣中，损失率仅为１０％左右，Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ约５０％赋存于灰化残渣中，损失率为５０％，Ｆ、Ｈｇ则几乎全部以气态形式随烟尘进入大气，损失率分别为９８％和１００％。对灰化过程中逸散规律不同的有害元素应分别采取不同的环保对策。     

长江中下游地区地下水亲铜元素的形成及其分布规律

本文以丰富的实际资料，公证了长江中下游地区地下水亲铜元表Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ环境背景的形成及其分布规律．     

土壤中铁的氧化物和氢氧化物对砷的吸附

测定了加钠Ａｓｈａｎｔｉ矿区土壤中天然铁氧化物和氢氧化物的砷浓度，发现其变化范围为２￣３５ ６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在ｐＨ值中中性的 富氧化粘土的土壤中以及尾矿的表面氧化部分，砷在这两相中的浓度最高，达３５ ６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在高酸性土壤或处于还原条件的地方，缺氧化物和氢氧化物中砷的浓度较低（最高为４３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。还观测到富有机制土壤的矿物中这两个相的砷浓度更低。在所研究的样品中非晶质铁的氢氧化物中     

Gomati河近期沉淀物的重金属污染与人类活动的影响

在对Ｇｏｍａｔｉ河中近期沉淀的表层沉淀物的多种金属进行了浓度测定（Ｇｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ）,发现一些金属浓度（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）显著增加,其中Ｃｄ：０．２６￣３．６２、Ｃｕ：３３￣１４７、Ｎｒ：４５￣８６、Ｐｂ：２５￣７７和Ｚｎ：９０￣３８９。贯穿勒克瑙市区河流中,金属剖面图显示了沿顺流方向浓度增加,这是由于该区４个主要的排水网络排放废水所致。金属污染程度与地区背景值和全球     

五台山—恒山绿岩带Au-Ag-Cu成矿作用地球化学特征

五台山—恒山绿岩带Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ矿床可分为二大类型：（１）再生型金银铜矿，产在包括岩浆岩在内的各类岩石断裂构造中，与岩浆期后热液有关；（２）变生型金银铜矿，产于各类变质岩中，具有层控特征（即绿岩型金矿）。在地球化学特征上，再生型矿床与变生型矿床相比，矿体及围岩中Ｍｏ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等成矿及伴生元素明显富集；Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ也明显富集，是后期岩浆热液作用的结果；Ｈｇ、Ｆ的明显富集则与后期构造活动有关；Ｚｎ／Ｃｄ比值较低，说明受到后期岩浆侵入影响；Ｔｈ／Ｕ比值低，可能指示富钙的酸性岩环境。再生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合为Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ（Ｂｉ），再生型Ａｇ矿化的元素组合为Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ（Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｉ），变生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合较简单，只为Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ或Ａｕ、Ｃｕ。上述地球化学特征不仅可以有效地区分矿化类型，而且可以作为地球化学找矿和评价的指标     

陕西凤县八方山多金属矿床成矿成晕模式

方山多金属矿床产于中泥盆统星红铺组，古道岭组。指示元素有Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂ等，原生异常的轴向分带序列（从上到下）：Ｚｎ－Ｈｇ－Ｐｂ－Ａｇ－Ｃｕ１－Ｂａ－Ｓｒ－Ｓｂ－Ａｓ－Ｃｕ２、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ａｕ，具有明显多建造晕的特点。八方山多金属矿床是由海底喷流（汽）同生沉积－叠加、再造作用形成的。     

英国两古金属矿区中Cd,Cu,Pb和Zn的迁移及其后果

本文报道了对两个古Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ矿中重金属元素迁移的监测，即金属元素通过大气尘降和河流运移向古矿周围的土壤、河流沉积物及其植被中迁移的情况。结果表明，古矿关闭后的８０￣１００年中相当大量的Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ和Ｃｕ（只在一个矿区）进行了土壤和水系中。在尾矿堆周围３００ｍ范围内，大气尘降的重金属元素每年有多达３．３ｋｇ的Ｃｄ、７１Ｋｇ的Ｃｕ、３７３ｋｇ的Ｐｂ和１０４ｋｇ的Ｚｎ迁入了土壤和植被中。研究还发现，     

原油中有害微量元素研究现状与展望

原油中有害微量元素是指威害人身健康或对环境造成污染的元素。通过对我国松辽盆地原油系统测试的结果为 :原油中含有 30多种金属及多种非金属元素 ,在这些元素中含有害微量元素Ａｓ ,Ｃｄ ,Ｃｒ ,Ｈｇ ,Ｎｉ,Ｐｂ ,Ｓｅ ,Ｕ等 ,他们的质量分数 (克拉克值 )超过沉积层及中国陆壳 2 3个数量级 ,已经构成异常。其中Ｃｄ ,Ｈｇ ,Ｐｂ ,Ｓｅ等为有毒元素 ,Ａｓ ,Ｃｄ ,Ｃｒ ,Ｎｉ,Ｐｂ等为致癌元素。所以深入开展原油中有害微量元素研究不仅在油气预测方面 ,而且在油污染方面都具有重大理论和实际意义。本文简要概括了该方面的研究现状 ,并进一…     

区域化探异常评价标志（以金矿床为例）

以金矿为例探讨了区域化探异常评价标志,提出筛选评价主要准则是异常面积、强度和元素组合。收集了中国金矿不同比例尺的区域化探成果８０个、水系沉积物测量成果５２个、土壤测量成果４６个,提出一个有经济价值金矿异常面积为：１：５万〉２ｋｍ＾２,１：１万～１：２．５万〉０．２ｋｍ＾２。认为金异常强弱不影响找矿,但必须有浓集中心才能找到矿。同时提出Ａｕ矿元素组合主要为Ａｕ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ,其次为Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｂｉ、Ｗ、Ｃｄ、Ｓｎ。金元素浓度分带,元素套合关系是判别金矿剥蚀程度的主要标志。     

甘肃嘉峪关市表层土壤重金属空间分布与评价

为研究嘉峪关市重金属分布对环境的影响,分析了嘉峪关市表层土壤重金属分布和含量变化,并评价其富集程度,判断其来源和影响因素。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量嘉峪关市134个表层土壤样品中六种重金属元素（Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn）的含量,其平均含量分别为281.6 mg/kg、0.35 mg/kg、60.68 mg/kg、51.39 mg/kg、108.65 mg/kg、161.0 mg/kg。在土壤重金属含量空间分布的基础上,用内梅罗指数法和地累积指数法对研究区土壤重金属富集程度进行了评价,六种元素地累积指数排序依次为: Cr > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni,各功能区重金属元素整体富集程度依次为工业区 > 戈壁 > 生活区 > 农业区。戈壁采样点重金属元素含量（除Ni外）高于农业区,除工业因素外,地表植被的缺失加剧了戈壁地区重金属元素的富集。结合主成分分析,重金属元素空间展布,及内梅罗指数评价和地累积指数评价,分析了各元素可能的来源,认为Cr、Zn主要来自以钢铁生产加工为主的工业源,Cd、Cu、Pb来自于交通源,Ni可能与钢铁生产或当地背景值有关。通过分析嘉峪关市土壤重金属分布情况,以期为改善当地土壤质量提供科学依据,为我国西北地区土壤重金属的研究提供参考。     

Assessment of trace element contamination in soils around Chinnaeru River Basin, Nalgonda District, India

Concentrations of trace elements such as As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zn and Zr were studied in soils to understand metal contamination due to agriculture and geogenic activities in Chinnaeru River Basin, Nalgonda District, India. This area is affected by the geogenic fluoride contamination. The contamination of the soils was assessed on the basis of geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor and degree of contamination. Forty-four soil samples were collected from the agricultural field from the study area from top 10–50 cm layer of soil. Soil samples were analyzed for trace elements using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Data revealed that soils in the study area are significantly contaminated, showing high level of toxic elements than normal distribution. The ranges of concentration of Ba (370–1,710 mg/kg), Cr (8.7–543 mg/kg), Cu (7.7–96.6 mg/kg), Ni (5.4–168 mg/kg), Rb (29.6–223 mg/kg), Sr (134–438 mg/kg), Zr (141.2–8,232 mg/kg) and Zn (29–478 mg/kg). The concentration of other elements was similar to the levels in the earth’s crust or pointed to metal depletion in the soil (EF < 1). The high EFs for some trace elements obtained in soil samples show that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be due to excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides used for agricultural or may be due to natural geogenic processes in the area. Comparative study has been made with other soil-polluted heavy metal areas and its mobility in soil and groundwater has been discussed. A contamination site poses significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems.     

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Balanagar industrial area,Hyderabad, India

The concentration of heavy metals such as Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zn, Zr were studied in soils of Balanagar industrial area, Hyderabad to understand heavy metal contamination due to industrialization and urbanization. This area is affected by the industrial activities like steel, petrochemicals, automobiles, refineries, and battery manufacturing generating hazardous wastes. The assessment of the contamination of the soils was based on the geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor, and degree of contamination. Soil samples were collected from Balanagar industrial area from top 10–50 cm layer of soil. The samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for heavy metals. The data revealed that the soils in the study area are significantly contaminated, showing high level of toxic elements than normal distribution. The ranges of concentration of Cr (82.2–2,264 mg/kg), Cu (31.3–1,040 mg/kg), Ni (34.3–289.4 mg/kg), Pb (57.5–1,274 mg/kg), Zn (67.5–5819.5 mg/kg), Co (8.6–54.8 mg/kg), and V (66.6–297 mg/kg). The concentration of above-mentioned other elements was similar to the levels in the earth’s crust pointed to metal depletion in the soil as the EF was <1. Some heavy metals showed high EF in the soil samples indicating that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with the industries in the area. A contamination site poses significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are important sources of pollution and may results in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems.     

广东省揭阳市揭东区微量元素分布特征及其影响因素分析

以广东省揭阳市揭东区表层土壤B、Cu、Mn、Zn、Mo 5种元素为研究对象,在分析微量元素含量状况和分布特征的基础上,从成土母质、土地利用方式、pH值和有机质含量4个方面来分析其对土壤微量元素含量的影响。利用GIS空间分析法、SPSS数理统计法和相关分析法对揭东区土壤微量元素含量、空间分布特征和影响因素进行分析。结果显示：揭东区表层土壤B、Cu、Mn元素的平均含量分别为18.0 mg/kg、14.5 mg/kg、313 mg/kg,含量均处于缺乏水平;Zn元素的平均含量为77.3 mg/kg,总体处于较丰富水平;Mo元素的平均含量为1.31 mg/kg,含量丰富。相关分析表明B、Cu、Mn、Zn、Mo均受到成土母质和土地利用方式的影响,在粉砂岩成土母质区土壤中B和Mn含量最高,凝灰岩成土母质区土壤中Cu和Mo含量最高,Zn在第四纪沉积物中含量最高;比较各种利用方式的土壤,B、Cu在农用地中含量最高,Mn、Zn和Mo在建设用地中含量最高;土壤pH值与B、Cu、Mn、Zn含量呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);土壤有机质与B、Cu、Zn含量呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.001...     

三峡水库水位消落区典型土壤磷释放特征及其环境效应

由于三峡水库水位消落区具有特殊的水文特征和发达的农业耕作管理,该地区成为库区磷释放的一个敏感地带.对消落区土壤磷释放特征的研究对保护水库水质有着重要的意义.模拟三峡水环境的磷浓度,对消落区中典型土壤类型进行淹水模拟实验,研究发现,在0.1～1.6 mg/L的水体磷浓度范围内,土壤磷释放特征呈现出3种模式,即释放型、吸附型和释放/吸附型.水土界面的磷行为主要取决于土壤EPC₀与水体中磷浓度的关系.当土壤EPC₀高于初始磷浓度时则以释放为主;低于初始浓度则以吸附为主.借助土壤磷素水平与EPC₀的相关关系,以Olsen-P为评价指标,可确定三种模式的阈值.当土壤Olsen-P含量高于123 mg/kg时,土壤为释放型,这类土壤的分布区是磷污染源区;当土壤Olsen-P含量低于14.4 mg/kg时,土壤为吸附型,这类土壤分布区不易成为磷释放源;当土壤的Olsen-P含量介于二者之间时,土壤属于释放/吸附型,这类土壤存在源-汇之间的动态转化.     

广东省普宁市土壤硒的分布特征及影响因素研究

开展了广东省普宁市区域土壤硒调查研究,采集了413个表层土壤样品(0～20 cm)和103个深层土壤样品(> 150 cm),测定了土壤全硒含量,据此研究土壤硒分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,普宁市土壤全硒含量变化于0. 16～2. 01 mg/kg,平均值为0. 63 mg/kg,总体上处于中硒及高硒水平,不存在缺硒和硒过剩土壤。砂页岩风化形成的赤红壤全硒含量较高,平均值达0. 86 mg/kg,以侏罗系页岩母质发育的土壤全硒含量最高,平均值达0. 89 mg/kg;三角洲第四系沉积物发育形成的水稻土全硒含量最低,平均值为0. 41 mg/kg。回归分析表明,土壤全硒含量与铁铝含量、有机碳含量具有极显著正相关,与p H呈极显著负相关。影响普宁市土壤硒含量的主要因素是成土母质,土壤p H、有机碳和铁铝含量及土地利用方式对土壤全硒含量分布与富集也有一定的影响。     

Soil baseline geochemistry and plant response in areas of complex geology. Application to NW Euboea,Greece

A soil and vegetation survey was undertaken in NW Euboea Island, Greece. The objectives of the study were to establish the geochemical baseline of soil and identify the impact of local geology on threshold values of potentially harmful elements. The studied area is characterized by complex geology comprising metamorphic and ultramafic rocks as well as active hot springs. A total of 117 soil samples were collected from 89 sites at depths of 0–25 cm and 25–50 cm. Eighteen vegetation samples were also collected representing prevalent indigenous perennial species in the region. Soil samples from the present study were enriched in As, Ca, Cu, Mg, Ni with concentrations reaching 233 mg/kg, 38%, 336 mg/kg, 10.8%, 1560 mg/kg respectively. Factor analysis revealed three main factors controlling the chemical composition of soil reflecting the influence of ultramafic rocks (Cr, Ca, Mg, Ni), hot spring deposits (Ca, S, Sr, As) and paedogenesis processes (Fe, Co, V, Mn, Al). The first two of these factors showed significant spatial correlation with the geological features within the study area. Subsequently, baseline concentrations based on statistical and spatial data were estimated within sub-areas reflecting the influence of local geology in soil composition. Concentrations of potentially harmful elements in the plant tissues of indigenous perennial vegetation species showed a wide range of variation from below the detection limit up to 1700 mg/kg for Ni in the hyperaccumulator Alyssum chalcidicum demonstrating that plant species have adapted to the stressful conditions caused by high elemental concentrations in soil. The results of this study can be utilized in future studies at areas of similar geology by providing an objective basis for setting realistic threshold values for pollution assessment and remediation.     

A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China

In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area.     

Integrated physicochemical and hydrogeochemical assessment to groundwater quality in Obosi and Onitsha provinces,South-eastern Nigeria

An integrated physicochemical and hydrogeochemical assessment was carried out at an automobile junk market in Obosi and in residential areas in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria to examine the concentration of heavy metals in the groundwater and determine the quality of the water for drinking and other domestic purposes. Forty groundwater samples were collected from boreholes and hand-dug wells (three samples from Obosi and the rest from Onitsha). They were subjected to atomic absorption spectrometry using standard field and laboratory techniques and analysed for physicochemical and hydrogeochemical parameters. Results show that the groundwater in the study area is slightly acidic to neutral, soft to moderately hard when compared with the World Health Organization maximum allowable concentration values and the Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 58 to 1796 μS/cm, 6.78 to 8.76 and 0.17 to 1.50 mg/L, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations measured (in ppm) in the water included nickel, manganese, copper and zinc and varied from 0 to 1.82, 0 to 0.195, 0 to 0.325 and 0 to 0.09, respectively, while heavy metal concentrations in the soil measured (in ppm) included iron, lead and cadmium and varied from 0 to 3.87, 0 to 1.80 and 0 to 7.38 mg/kg, respectively. Statistical results gave significant correlation (at 0.05) between electrical conductivity and total hardness, biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen, and several others elements. The study helps in the understanding of the chemistry of groundwater for long-term monitoring and management for the local community.     

长江经济带某石化场地土壤中污染物分布与微生物特征

从长江经济带某在役石化场地采集了3个点位不同深度的土壤样品,测定了石油烃等污染物的含量和微生物的群落结构,以揭示污染物分布规律和微生物特征。结果显示,3个点位污染程度不同,但污染物含量均随深度先升高后降低,最高含量均出现在埋深4.0 m左右,即地下水位附近。土壤中C6-C9高达5 302 mg/kg,C10-C40高达625.6 mg/kg,芳烃高达455.2 mg/kg,卤代烃高达41.54 mg/kg。土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随深度增加而降低,同一深度土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随污染物含量增大而降低。门水平上Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05),属水平上Streptomyces、SCADC1-2-3、Desulfitobacterium和Cryptanaerobacter的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05)。