ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA—A Case Study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied ficld of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system of synthetic regionalization of ecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with eco     

THE SPREAD OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

At pressent, China has about 100 million ha of farmland and 1.1 billion inhabitants, of which, about 80% are still engaged in agriculture. In geographical distribution, primitive shifting cultivation was at first mainly scattered in small patches in Eastern Monsoon China, especially concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. The ratio of agriculture to industry in production value changed from 7:3 in the early 1950s to 3:7 in the middle 1980s. Agricultural Regionalization is based upon agricultural development as well as physical regionalization in China. Seven first-level agricultural regions might be identified.     

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FORSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN URBANIZATION PROCESS IN CHINA

This paper reviewed the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in China, expounded its functions and regional characteristics, and discussed the targets of SEA in the process of urbanization,and the main assessment indicators, procedures, techniques and methodologies of SEA. It concluded that SEA could be improved by the following recommendations: incorporating SEA in decision-making process, selecting experimental units for SEA trial run, and developing strategic evaluation tools and techniques. SEA can provide appropriate and up-to-date information on the impact of human activity on environment in the process of urbanization, and develop a plan of action targeting implementation of intervention for the rehabilitation and preservation of the ecological stability of a city. Therefore, SEA can be a supporting tool for decision-making toward achieving sustainable development.     

REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM： THEORETICAL APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHINA

Regional innovation system (RIS) is the new research field of modern economic geography in the age of knowledge economy. Based on the researches of regional economic geography, the authors of the paper consider RIS as the integrated and interactive systems with innovation milieu, elements, units, structure and functions. Five aspects of evaluation indicators including innovation input scale and output scale, innovation milieu transition, innovation inner operation, as well as innovation outer impact are worked out for final indicators of RIS scale and quality. According to different RIS situations, three patterns of independent, imitative and cooperative development are put forward for choosing. At the latter part of the paper, we select 12 provincial regions (including three municipalities and one autonomous region) of China for empirical study. The results show that there exists great difference among each region from the aspects of innovation scale and quality mainly owning to the diversification of RIS social and economic milieu, the major innovative units of enterprises, universities and R&D institutes. Finally, the paper points out the innovation development decisions for each region. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40131010) LIU Shu-guang (1966–), male, a native of Xiajin County of Shandong, Ph. D., associate professor, specialized in regional economic development and regional innovation system. E-mail: dawnliu9631@263.net     

Dynamic Evolvement of Agricultural System and Typical Patterns of Modern Agriculture in Coastal China： A Case of Suzhou

Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development. Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply described that in virtue of element integrating and structure optimizing, agricultural system may achieve multifunctionality to meet increasingly diverse demands. As a case study of Suzhou, it concludes that Suzhou has a LP-dependence on agricultural element, and the growth extent of agricultural productivity correlates to the ratio of agricultural labor reducing rate to farmland reducing rate. Agricultural structure of Suzhou changed with time, and in the early 1980s and 2000s it was most notable. Correspondingly, agricultural function has experienced a succession process: ‘production’, ‘production-living’, and ‘production-living-ecology’. At last, based on questionnaires and interviews, some new characteristics and problems of agricultural development in coastal developed region of China have been put forward. Meanwhile, some typical patterns of modern agriculture in Suzhou which adapt to system evolving are also brought up such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, agricultural science and technology parks, characteristic and stereoscopic agriculture, tourism and sightseeing agriculture. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40635029, No. 40771014)     

The regional development in a multi-cultural background

China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own special culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adapting to geo-environment during history. Due to different backgrounds, the regional developmental model of minorities in the western China is different from the Han nationality and western countries. Combining a knowledge-based civilization and sustainable development, the minority areas can seek the systematic integration of culture-economy-ecology. Based on this, the paper suggests that the minority areas in western China should take the way of emphasizing developmental quality rather than developmental quantity for a harmonious system of culture-economy-ecology. Some approaches for developing minority areas in western China have been put foreword. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49261001). Biography: LU La-chang (1963 —), male, a native of Shaanxi Province, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include urban and regional studies. E-mail: lachanglu@163.net     

AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN CHINA

China is facing the three major agroenvironment problems, which include: chemical pollution, abnormal ecological balance and natural resource deterioration. These environment problems have depleted part of the comprehensive agricultural productivity and hence become a resistance to the further development of agriculture. A number of measures have been taken for controlling over pollution and ecosystem declining. But for the sustainable development the more efforts are suggested to make, including the more stern measures in the population control, adopting the new techniques of saving natural resources and high efficiency, encouraging a frugal life style as well as paying more attentions to the research on the agricultural environment protection.     

THE SEQUENCE OF PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES SINCE ABOUT 4KA B.P., RECORDED BY NIYA SECTION IN SOUTHERN MARGIN OF TARIM BASIN

1 INTRODUCTIONOne of the 7 key plans of IGBP (International Geo-Biosphere Project) is the PAGES (Past Global Changes), of which the relation of mutual influence of mankind and natural environmental changes during historic period has attracted great attentions over the world (CHEN,1992; Committee of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 1995). Due to the atrocious natural conditions, study of this issues are much more backward in southern Xinjiang. So to investigate and…     

Sustainable development of cross-border regions: A methodological study

1INTRODUCTIONBARRETT(1992)demonstratedaphenomenoninwhichtheinter-governmentalbehaviorsareeffectivelydescribedbyanumberofslipperyfishermen.Thefisherydilemmaillustratesaphenomenonthatiscommontomanysocialandeconomicproblemsinwhichtheprivateincentivesofindependentagents(liketheslipperyfishermenasabove)preventtheagentsfromreachinganoutcomewhichmakesalltheagentsbetteroff.Iftheresourceisunderthejurisdictionofasinglegovernment,theexploitationofitcanbeeasilycoordinatedbythegovernmentitself.Butif…     

新疆农业景观格局演变对其生态系统服务价值的影响

结合遥感、地理信息系统、景观生态学和空间分析等理论,分析了新疆地区2000~2015年农业景观格局的时空动态变化特征,测算了农业生态系统服务价值,通过相关分析进一步研究了农业景观格局与生态系统服务价值的关联,为促进区域土地资源合理利用和生态农业发展提供科学依据。结果表明,新疆农业生态系统正朝着多样化、稳定化的方向发展;农业生态系统服务价值显著增长,但区域间的价值差异较大,呈现北疆高南疆低的分布格局;景观面积、斑块数和景观形状对新疆地区农业生态系统服务价值影响较大且均呈现明显正相关关系。     

Local government, enterprises and individuals: Economic transformation in the pearl river delta

The Pearl River (Zhujiang) Delta (PRD) has been a focal point in reform era academic circles not only for its dramatic industrial growth but also the simultaneous agricultural development. Unlike most of existing research on the PRD economic development and transformation from the whole region level, this paper explored this question from the perspective of a township using Beijiao in Shunde City as a case study. Unlike the conclusions of existing studies which attribute the regional economic transition to the macro factors, particularly the influence of external investment, this research reveals that at the level of township, the local government, the town-village owned enterprises and the individuals have been playing remarkable roles in local economic transformation. In the early stage since the economic reform, Beijiao township government, replacing the central and provincial governments before, began to manipulate the development of town-village owned enterprises and lead the local economic transformation from agricultural to industrial dominated. As the town-village owned enterprises grew during the later years, they gradually acted as the main dominant player leading the local agricultural and industrial growth. At the same time the individuals in Beijiao were playing more independent role to gain their most profits. While the local government changed to be the real manager of local economies. So the local economic transition was not entirely externally driven. In another word, the “driven from outside” model can not totally explain the economic fact in this specific region. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49801006) and Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) Project Biography: XUE De-sheng (1969 — ), male, a native of Shanxi Province, Ph. D. of Zhongshan University, Post-Ph. D. of the University of British Columbia and the University of Montreal, associate professor of the Center for Urban and Regional Studies, the Center for Transport Research, Zhongshan University. His Research interests include industrial geography, urban geography and urban planning.     

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA——A Case Study of Du＇an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied field of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study ofDu‘an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system ofsynthetic regionalization ofecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with ecological insecurity and compounded agriculture and forestry management. Meanwhile, for these regions, the countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development were pointed out, which provide the basis and example for ecological regulation and control of sustainable agricultural development in counties of karst mountainous area.     

Comprehensive evaluation on agricultural environment in western China

Introduction Western China is vast in area with different landforms and ecosystems, and its environment is deteriorated with different agricultural productivities. The northwestern region is very drought for lack of rainfall, and desertification there is serious with difficulty in vegetation restoration, while in the southwestern region the land is fragile, vegetation is degraded and water and soil loss serious. Even worse, for the lack of effective management, new environmental problems deriv…     

Environmental sustainability and scenarios of urbanization in arid area

Based on data of questionnaire and field survey and two developing models of Business As Usual (BAU) and the Intensive Urbanization (IU), this article, taking Wuwei City, a medium size city and typical oasis arid area in Gansu Province with very vulnerable and sensitive natural environment but long history of oasis economy, as an example, evaluated the sustainability of its environment and analyzed the scenarios of Wuwei’s household energy consumption, waste discharge in transportation industry, primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry, by the integration of the systematical dynamics model Stella and Polestar language to simulate the future development of the research area. The results showed that, first, the developing model of IU was propitious to Wuwei City named for oasis economy and vulnerable natural environment. The strategy of "Intensive Urbanization" can change the structure of energy utilization, and improve the efficiency of energy utilization. Second, the proportion of domestic energy consumption will decrease with industrialization and economic development, while that of tertiary industry, secondary industry and transportation will gradually grow up according to strategy of "Intensive Urbanization". Third, the Wuwei City is facing a severe eco-environmental crisis under the conventional patterns of development and a better future under a sustainable urbanization scenario, in the next 10 to 20 years. The different developing trends were clarified and the relative countermeasures were put forward for the policy makers according to the driving forces. Foundation item: Under the auspices of Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90102013) and Key Innovation Sub-project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-10-07-04) Biography: YOU Fei (1972–), male, a native of Pianguan of Shanxi Province, Ph.D., assistant professor, specialized in regional sustainable development and ecological economy. E-mail: yofae@sina.com     

The economic impact of spatial organizational structures on the provincial border-regions of China

Based on the spatial organizational structures of the provincial border-regions (a border-region is one which borders two or more independent administrative regions), we build a spatial economic model for N-provincial border-regions (a N-p border-region is one which is under the jurisdiction of N provincial governments) and find that, for a given region with same geographical condition and resources endowment, the largest output of a N-p border-regional system will not exceed that of a (N-1)-p border-regional system, i.e., F₁*>F₂*...>F_N−1*>F_n*. Using the model in this paper, we present a quantitative method to calculate the economic impacts of "provincial borders" and apply it to the border-region of Shanxi, Hebei, Shangdong, and Henan provinces. The results shows that the economic potential in the border-region has not been efficiently exploited and that the annual gross agricultural products have decreased by 10.4% due to the 4-p borders. Financial supports from China National Science Foundation and National Social Science Foundation are graterfully acknowledged.     

Pedogeochemistry of china and its significance in agricultural production

Pedogeochemistry of China is controlled by such factors as biology, climate, parent material, topography and anthropogenesis, and the different geochemical types are formed under the different conditions of soil formation which have different abundance levels of elements. The relationship between concentration of elements and plant growth and human health depends upon available forms of element in soils. While the factors affecting element availability are soil pH and Eh, tillage and fertilization by man besides element forms in soils. On the basis of pedogeochemical types and distribution, rational plantation and application of fertilizer to soils will be of great significance for sustainable development of agricultural production.     

Progress of chinese regional geography studies in recent twenty years

ｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｅｍｂｏｄｉｅｓｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ1980ｓｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒ ｔａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗａ…     

Utilization and sustainable development of island mountains in China

The island mountain utilization is a kind of mountain utilization. Although the islands cover little area, they can be used as the base of marine development. The sustainable development of island mountains is of significance to marine development. There are more than 6500 islands (including the South China Sea Islets) in China, and most of them are continental islands which are the extension of continental mountains extent towards sea. For this reason, there are many hills but few mountains, the area of hills makes up more than two thirds of the whole land area. In order to keep ecological balance of islands, the utilization of island hills and mountains should take exploitation of forests as the main to conserve water source and water-soil, and forests become an important factor in keeping ecological balance and sustainable development of islands. At the same time we should make good use of forests through setting up forest nature protecting area and forest parks and developing forest tourism. A part of research achievements of the project subsidized by National Natural Science Foundation (No. 49171026).     

Pedogeochemistry of china and its significance in agricultural production

Ｓｏｉｌｉｓａｎｅｐｉｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｓｐｈｅｒｅｈａｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｅｎｓｅｓｔｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｓａｎｄｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｂａｓｅｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｗｉｔｈｗａｔｅ...     

中国近代省区地图特色与价值的探讨

中国近代（明、清和民国时期）是中国地图编制史上比较有代表性的时期,反映了中国封建社会制图学后期向现代地图学转变的过程。中国近代省区地图具有其他类型地图所不具有的编制特色。本研究通过收集中国近代省区地图资料,从单幅地图、地图集、百科全书并存的出版形式和按行政单位分级分幅的图集编排系统2方面,分析了中国近代省区地图科学内容的编排体系特色;并分别探讨了单幅省区地图、百科全书收录的省区地图和地图集的设计和变化,以总结中国近代省区地图的制图特色,为现今地图制图学提供参考。中国近代省区地图具有较高的地学价值,通过研究中国近代省区地图,可印证省级行政区划单元的地理独特性,揭示省级行政区划单元的内部格局,有利于加强省和区域的管理。