《工程勘察通用规范》实施后的架空线路勘察

《工程勘察通用规范》是全文强制性工程建设国家标准。该规范对钻孔数量、钻孔深度以及取样、测试及室内试验都提出了要求。由于行业和历史原因,电力工程勘察具有鲜明的行业特点。通过条文对比分析,电力架空线路工程在勘察方法、钻孔布设、取样、测试、室内试验和成果内容方面与《工程勘察通用规范》的规定有一定差别。未来岩土工程勘察工作实施过程中需要作出一些适当的调整以满足《工程勘察通用规范》的要求,行业标准和团体标准的修编也应提出更明确的要求。     

标准贯入试验在苏丹水利大坝勘察中的应用

近两年,我单位在苏丹国先后完成Kajbar,Shrerik、Sabloka,Dal、Dagash,Mograt等水利水电大坝的勘察工作。本文通过6个大坝详细勘察中标准贯入试验的操作工艺应用,以Dagash大坝为例对标准贯入试验进行阐述,并就与国内该试验实际操作存在的差异性进行比较。     

山西潞城黄土的湿陷性质和微结构特征分析

山西潞城地区, 按“78规范”应属于非自重湿陷黄土, 勘察过程中发现存在自重湿陷性质, 这就引起了我们的重视。我们除了进行常规的勘察试验之外, 还进行了专门性的勘察试验, 内容包括:野外现场试坑浸水试验, 分层载荷试验, 静探、标贯、旁压等原位测试和钻井、探孔取样室内试验以及土的微结构分析。     

浅析岩土工程勘察中的一些常见问题

本文仅从岩土工程勘察的踏勘、野外勘探、室内土工试验及岩土工程分析评价方面分析了岩土工程勘察中存在的一些常见问题,旨在避免这些问题,从而为设计提出更好的勘察成果。     

土方直剪试验数据采集管理系统的设计与实践

直剪试验被广泛应用于工程勘察中用来测定土的抗剪强度。针对直剪试验中,试验持续时间长、产生的测量数据多等特点,设计了一种基于VB6.0与USB7660多功能数据采集模块的数据采集与管理系统。详细介绍了系统的设计原理和实现方法,并对系统各部分的设计思路及实现过程进行了详细说明。实验表明,该系统基本能够满足在岩土工程勘察土方直剪试验过程中对测量数据采集与分析的要求。     

武汉地铁二号线一期工程岩土工程勘察特点分析

通过对武汉市轨道交通二号线一期工程沿线区域地质构造、工程地质和水文地质特点的分析,说明了在不同地貌单元和不同地质条件下针对地铁施工工法、进行岩土工程勘察的基本内容和方法,指出了地铁勘察在场地条件、勘察要求、试验内容等方面不同于一般的工业与民用建筑岩土工程勘察工作的特点,并据此合理安排勘察实施方案。     

上海市城市地质勘察工作综述

上海市城市地质勘察工作综述林崇宇（中国船舶工业总公司勘察研究院）１工程地质与岩土工程近十几年来上海进行了大量工程地质勘察。进入９０年代，勘察部门由单一工程勘察，逐渐转为岩土工程勘察。加之测试技术、室内土工试验和钻探技术的不断改进和发展，各勘察单位又自...     

波速-旁压联合测试法在红层软岩中的应用研究

将波速测试及高压旁压试验运用于长沙地区的白垩纪红层软岩勘察中,获取了大量红层的声波测试结果及旁压试验特征参数,经过多参数的综合分析,为红层软岩的风化程度与岩体强度变化分析提供了有效参数。并在大量试验资料的基础上,建立了红层的动、静参数之间的相关方程。实践证明,波速-旁压联合测试方法是一种快速、经济、有效的工程勘察手段。     

地基承载力的试验研究

进行地基承载力的试验研究, 对于充分利用和挖掘地基潜力、合理选择地基持力层、提高勘察工作质量、促进岩土工程勘察技术的发展具有重要的现实意义。本文结合唐山钢铁公司第二炼铁厂 2 5 6 0m3 高炉勘察实例, 系统介绍了地基承载力的试验研究过程, 并应用了-种有推广价值的试验技术室内模拟载荷试验。     

南宁轨道交通一号线穿越膨胀岩区工程详勘探讨

通过分析南宁盆地第三系泥岩工程地质及水文地质条件,并结合南宁轨道交通工程建设特点,探讨了1号线穿越膨胀岩区的岩土工程勘察方法、试验项目及相关注意事项。提出了南宁轨道交通穿越膨胀岩区详细勘察中对钻孔间距及封孔要求、现场描述等内容;其中对室内试验建议补充岩石矿物的鉴定、吸水率和饱和吸水率试验、耐崩解试验、膨胀性试验;原位试验项目建议增加地应力试验、现场基床系数K_(30)试验、现场浸水载荷试验、水平膨胀力试验项目。并针对一些特殊勘察项目,如现场测定基床系数K_(30)、热物理指标及水平膨胀力等提出一些建议。     

岩土工程勘察、设计与施工一体化模式探讨研究

建筑工程勘察、设计和施工一体化模式,逐渐成为国内大型勘察设计企业新的核心竞争力,亦是国际国内经济一体化和市场经济发展的必然趋势。本文结合目前国内主要从事岩土工程的勘察、设计或施工企业对项目的运作情况,提出了岩土工程勘察、设计和施工一体化运作模式。通过对目前国内岩土工程勘察、设计和施工独立运作模式和一体化模式的对比研究和分析,结合典型的工程实例,总结和分析了采用一体化或近似一体化模式运作项目的优劣和经验。针对目前国内大型勘察设计企业实施岩土工程勘察、设计和施工一体化模式的困难进行了探讨并提出相关建议,供相关部门或同行参考。     

把握岩土工程科技发展动向,提高基础施工经济效益

在当前岩土工程施工装备、工艺日趋完善的情况下，正确掌握其发展动向，合理地配置装备和工艺；在承揽各类型岩土工程施工中，应注意发挥已拥有的建筑设计，基础施工、地面建筑、工程质量检测的高技术领域，组成综合服务体系，以获取最大的经济效益。     

基于孔压静力触探的岩土参数正态性检验方法对比

岩土参数的正态分布是岩土工程可靠分析的基本假定之一。目前,岩土工程参数的正态性检验以KS （Kolmogorov-Smirnov）检验为主,然而诸多研究表明,对于小样本数据,KS检验的正态性检验结果并不可靠。本文以废黄河泛滥沉积相粉土中的孔压静力触探（CPTU）锥尖阻力q_t数据为研究对象,首先采用ANOVA （方差分析）检验,从CPTU测试资料中进行总体的样本筛选,然后应用SW （Shapiro-Wilk）检验、KS检验、LF （Lilliefors）检验和AD （Anderson-Darling）检验等4种正态性检验方法,在不同样本容量条件下,对测试数据进行正态性检验评价。当测试数据的样本容量充足时,分析结果表明：SW检验结果最为严格,KS检验结果最不保守,而LF检验和AD检验的严格性介于两者之间;对于常规岩土工程设计,采用KS检验结果即可满足稳定性分析要求,对于复杂岩土工程设计,采用SW检验对设计参数进行正态性检验,可降低设计的不确定性。     

哈尔滨松浦公路大桥岩土工程勘察过程控制及效果

根据哈尔滨松浦公路大桥桥址自然地理条件和建筑设计要求参数,确定了该桥岩土工程勘察关键环节。阐述了勘察重点过程控制——水上平台勘探取样工艺要点,包括平台搭建、钻进及取心工艺、泥浆护壁、样品保管等。根据勘察成果,对桩基承载力及沉降进行了计算,给出了推荐桩型。     

如何减少和解决岩土工程勘察中的问题

在城市化进程进一步加快的过程中,城市基础设施建设项目和高层建筑也随之不断兴建,传统的勘察手段以及传统的工程勘察方法已经显得力不从心,很难满足现代建筑设计的需求,因而许多工程勘察技术缺陷问题迫切的需要找到解决方法。本文通过勘测的实例来说明岩土工程勘测中的问题,以及解决的方法。     

Geotechnical design parameter evaluation using the alluvial plain characteristics in southeastern Iraq

Geotechnical construction is responsible for the overall stability of superstructures, and if there are design errors, the structure will be exposed to potential problems. Geotechnical design starts with the correct interpretation of the target ground. Southeastern Iraq is mainly comprised of an alluvial plain with diverse geological features, and, therefore, geotechnical design requires a detailed interpretation and understanding of the area. This paper reports on laboratory and field tests and in-depth analyses conducted on these alluvial plains. The results reveal that the upper layer of this area is highly over-consolidated. This may have been caused by the removal of overburden pressure as a result of glaciation and desiccation. The highly over-consolidated soils caused considerable sample disturbance by swelling the bored sample; this provided less reliable results. However, the cone penetration test was regarded as the most appropriate field assessment method for deriving sensible geotechnical design parameters. Despite its limitations in clayey soils, the standard penetration test provided results that matched well with previous observations due to the high penetration resistance of the highly over-consolidated ground. Down-hole tests and plate load tests were considered less reliable methods due to their limited applicability in this area. This study considers geographical features, laboratory methods, and empirical correlations from in situ tests, and, therefore, provides a well-summarized guideline to evaluate special geotechnical characteristics of the alluvial plain in southeastern Iraq.     

土工试验指标影响因素分析

土是地壳表层的岩石风化后产生的松散堆积物,不同地区的土具有不同的物理性质和力学性质。土工试验是指对岩和土的物理、力学、化学性质和矿物成分的测试,为工程勘察提供重要的参数,是岩土工程勘察中重要组成部分,其准确性直接影响工程的安全和质量。简述土工常规试验操作步骤,对土工常规试验数据影响因素进行总结,并对如何提高试验数据准确性提出意见和想法。     

Shaft design criteria

Summary Criteria for shaft design are described and methods of design developed. Among aspects covered in detail are: selection of shaft locations; shaft collar design and determination of collar dimensions; shaft lining design and estimation of side pressures; shaft insets and sump design. Factors considered, apart from geotechnical criteria include constraints imposed by surface structures, mineral handling and water flows.     

Geotechnical,Geological, and Hydrologic Characterization of a 52 km Electrical Power Transmission Line Alignment Route in Southeastern Nigeria

A 132 kVA electrical transmission line has been proposed to connect the towns of Eket and Ikot Abasi in the eastern Niger delta in Nigeria. A geotechnical and hydrological study was performed to geotechnically characterize the route alignment and to provide data for design of the foundations for the transmission towers. In this paper, we introduce the study location and its geological, topographical and physiological characteristics, present the hydrological and geotechnical investigations and their results, and make recomendations for the design of the transmission tower foundations. Hydrological inspection of the power line alignment revealed that the route is traversed by numerous tributaries of the Qua-Iboe and Imo Rivers, the two major rivers that control the drainage of the study area. In-situ geotechnical tests consisted of cone penetration tests (CPTs), vane shear tests, test pit sampling (0–2.0 m depth) and lithologic boreholes (20 and 50 m deep). Laboratory tests included grain size analysis, pH determination and Atterberg Limits. Based on the CPT log pattern, no of stratum, and refusal depths, the soils along the transmission alignment were classified into twelve structural domains having common geotechnical properties. Because of the elevated water levels, and the nature of the soils, deep pile foundations were recommended for the towers. Software from the Louisiana Transportation Research Center, was employed to estimate skin friction, end bearing, and ultimate bearing capacities for assumed 225 mm square shaped reinforced concrete pile in each of the different zones of the alignment.     

Characterization and Estimation of Geotechnical Variability in Ankara Clay: A Case History

An important component in reliability-based design is the geotechnical property variability. Generic estimates are used often, but calibration to a local geologic setting is preferable. In this case history, a methodology is shown that employs local geotechnical data to estimate the total variability, using Ankara Clay for illustration. A literature review is used to estimate the inherent variability, which is modeled as a random field with coefficient of variation (COV) and scale of fluctuation. The resulting inherent variability COVs are much smaller than the generic ranges. Local correlations between various laboratory and field tests and soil strength and compressibility parameters then are developed to quantify the transformation uncertainties. The various sources of uncertainty are combined through a second-moment method to estimate the total geotechnical variability as a function of the test type and correlation used. The results show: (1) the COVs for direct laboratory measurements are significantly smaller than those obtained through correlations, and (2) depending on the geotechnical data available, the local COVs can be very different from the generic guidelines. These could lead to unconservative designs. These issues are illustrated by a simple design example.