吉林南部变质岩太古宙—元古宙分界时限的确定及过渡性构造演化

吉林南部古老岩石测年数据偏新和太古宙与元古宙之间分界时限的混乱,本文运用Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线法和锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ法将吉林南部变质岩系划分为４个年龄段：前阜平旋回（〉２６００Ｍａ）;阜平旋回第一幕（２６００￣２５００Ｍａ）;阜平旋回第二幕（２５００￣２４００Ｍａ）;阜平旋回第三幕（２４００￣２３５０Ｍａ）。阜平旋回第三幕归入太古宙并作为太古宙－元古宙之间分界时限,吉林南部古陆构造环境由活动趋向于稳定,新、老     

日本远野砂岩型铀矿床的稳定同位素地球化学和成岩矿化

日本本州岛中部的远野砂岩型铀矿区地层由中新统下部的湖相沉积岩（１８￣２２Ｍａ）和上部的海相（１５￣１６Ｍａ）沉积岩组成。方解石和黄铁矿是该地层中的主要成岩蚀变产物。湖相和海相的方解石和黄铁矿的特征差别很大。湖相沉积物中方解石的δ＾１３Ｃ值低（－１９‰￣－６‰ＰＤＢ），而海相地层中的δ＾１３Ｃ值高（－１１‰￣＋３‰）。这意味着海相碳酸盐在上部海相沉积岩上所起的作用较大，下部湖相地层中方解石的碳既来源     

广西龙胜丹洲群细碧岩锆石U—Pb及Sm—Nd等时线年龄

用单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ及全岩、全岩－矿物Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线法对广西龙胜丹洲群细碧岩进行了地质年代学研究。结晶锆石年龄为９７７±１０Ｍａ，代表细碧岩的形成时代；锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ及全岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线均反映出￣０．６Ｇａ的一次后期事件年龄，很可能代表一次较大规模富ＣＯ２流体的热液蚀变作用时代，即本区受细碧岩层控的滑石矿的成矿年龄；细碧岩全岩－矿物Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ内部等时线年龄为２０１±４０Ｍａ，代表了印支期岩浆热事     

泰山地区早前寒武纪主要地质事件与陆壳演化

通过详细的野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学工作，建立了鲁西泰山地区地质演化框架、晚太代早期表壳岩形成（２８４０￣２８２０Ｍａ），晚太古代早期望府山期英云闪长岩侵位和高角闪岩相变质变形改造（〉２７００Ｍａ）；晚太古代晚期绿岩建造形成和高绿片岩相－低角闪岩相变质变形改造（２７００￣２６００Ｍａ），晚太古代晚期大众桥期基性－中酸性岩侵位（２５６０￣２５３０Ｍａ）；晚太古代晚期傲徕山期二长花岗     

五大连池火山活动规律及特征

五大连池火山群有复合火山及质火山两种主要类型，受北东、北西方向断裂控制，属中心式喷发，强度中等。火山喷发形成的富钾碱性熔岩是原始岩浆经结晶分异及同化混染作用形成的特殊熔岩类型。自第四纪以来，一直断续有火山活动，根据最新获得的Ｋ－Ａｒ法测年资料，分为七个喷发旋回，喷发时间是：２．０７６Ｍａ，１．４１６￣１．０５Ｍａ，０．８８￣０．７０Ｍａ，０．５７￣０．４０Ｍａ，０．３４￣０．２８Ｍａ，０．１９￣０     

敦煌地块变质岩系时代新认识

敦煌地块的中深变质岩系敦煌群,经１／５万区调获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄值２９３５Ｍａ、２９４６Ｍａ、３４８７Ｍａ,归属于太古界。北山南带的中深一浅变质岩系,经１／５万区调及１／２０万区调修测,在中深变质岩系中获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄值２９４９Ｍａ、２９５６Ｍａ、３２３７Ｍａ及２２０３Ｍａ、２０５９Ｍａ,分别划归敦煌群和厘定为早元古代。在浅变质岩系中获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄值１６２２Ｍａ、１６２４Ｍａ及Ｂａｉｃａｌｉａ等叠层石,归属于中上元古界。     

五台山晚太古代碰撞造山带构造演化

应用构造－岩性－事件法将五台山碰撞造山带划分为３个构造片体;弧前混杂岩带,古岛弧系和弧后混杂岩带。提出该造山带构造演化５个阶段：洋盆扩张阶段（〉２６００Ｍａ）;南部洋盆向微陆块下俯冲－－微陆块转化为岛弧阶段（２６００￣２５００Ｍａ）;弧前碰撞－弧后消减阶段（２５５０￣２５００Ｍａ）;陆一陆碰撞阶段,伸展作用阶段（２５０￣２４００Ｍａ）。     

敦煌地块变质岩系时代新认识

敦煌地块的中深变质系敦煌群，哟１／５万区调获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄值２９３５Ｍａ，３４８７Ｍａ，归属于太古界。北山南带的中深－浅变质岩系，经１／５万区调及１／２０万区调修测，中深变质岩系中获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄值２９４９Ｍａ，２９５６Ｍａ，３２３７Ｍａ及２０５９Ｍａ，分别划归敦粕群和厘定为早元古代。在浅变质岩系中获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄值１６２２Ｍａ，１６２４Ｍａ及Ｂａｉｃａｌｉａ等叠层石，归属     

内蒙古黄土窑孔兹岩系的锆石与金红石年龄研究

内蒙古黄土窑及其毗邻地区孔兹岩系已有一些１８００￣１９００Ｍａ的锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄数据,但因孔兹岩是高级变质的沉积岩,其锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄往往代表峰期变质年龄而不是原岩沉积年龄,因此孔兹岩系属太古宙还是古元古代长期未决。内蒙古黄土窑是晋蒙孔兹岩系的经典产地之一,对其锆石和金红石研究和年龄测试,得到孔兹岩系的碎屑锆石年龄为２３１０Ｍａ,变质成因锆石年龄为１８７３Ｍａ,金红石代表的冷却年龄为１７９３Ｍａ。     

腾冲地块西缘那邦基性麻粒岩中石榴石Sm—Nd等时每年龄及其意义

石榴石Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线法是近年来常用于较新年龄的测年方法。腾冲地块西缘新近发现的基性麻粒岩中石榴石和全岩的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄为１７￣２５Ｍａ,是该麻粒岩经受后期变形变质作用的年龄,与区内右旋走滑断裂活动时限相一致,为确证腾冲地区的右旋走滑断裂是印支地块逸出的西部边界提供了Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线方法的年龄约束。并推断石榴石Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ体系的封闭温度较低,应低于那邦变质基性岩晚期变质作用的６４０℃￣７２０℃     

重大地史事件、节律及圈层耦合

文章讨论了岩石圈的联合古陆事件，生物圈的重要生物类别的出现、生物爆发事件和集群绝灭事件，水圈和大气圈的海平面变化事件和气候的变冷、变暖事件。联合古陆事件包括陆核型联合古陆（２５００Ｍａ）、初始原地台型联合古陆（１９００Ｍａ）、成熟原地台型联合古陆（１４５０Ｍａ）、地台型联合古陆（８５０Ｍａ）和大陆型联合古陆（２５０Ｍａ）事件；生物圈事件包括原核生物、真核生物、后生动物、带壳后生动物的出现事件，寒武纪生物大爆发事件，奥陶纪—志留纪之交（４３９Ｍａ）、晚泥盆世弗拉斯期—法门期之交（３６７Ｍａ）、二叠纪—三叠纪之交（２５０Ｍａ）、三叠纪—侏罗纪之交（２０８Ｍａ）、白垩纪—第三纪之交（６５Ｍａ）的生物集群绝灭事件，并从遗迹化石的角度，阐述了后生动物及其行为习性的起源和演化的新观点。水圈和大气圈事件包括晚震旦世、奥陶纪—志留纪之交、晚石炭世的自节律海平面变化事件，奥陶纪和白垩纪的他节律高海平面事件，震旦纪—寒武纪和二叠纪—三叠纪之交的耦合节律海平面变化事件，并以泥盆纪为例作了进一步阐述。这些事件是岩石圈、生物圈、水圈和大气圈发展、演化的重要里程碑。上述事件的重要特征是，在时间上的节律性和在成因上的圈层耦合效应。     

Source Rock Characterization and Petroleum Systems in North Ghadames Basin,Southern Tunisia

This paper presents geochemical analysis of drilled cutting samples from the OMZ‐2 oil well located in southern Tunisia. A total of 35 drill‐cutting samples were analyzed for Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon (TOC), bitumens extraction and liquid chromatography. Most of the Ordovician, Silurian and Triassic samples contained high TOC contents, ranging from 1.00 to 4.75% with an average value of 2.07%. The amount of hydrocarbon yield (pyrolysable hydrocarbon: S2b) expelled during pyrolysis indicates a good generative potential of the source rocks. The plot of TOC versus S2b, indicates a good to very good generative potential for organic matter in the Ordovician, Silurian and Lower Triassic. However, the Upper Triassic and the Lower Jurassic samples indicate fair to good generative potential. From the Vankrevelen diagram, the organic matter in the Ordovician, Silurian and Lower Triassic samples is mainly of type II kerogen and the organic matter from the Upper Triassic and the Lower Jurassic is dominantly type III kerogen with minor contributions from Type I. The thermal maturity of the organic matter in the analyzed samples is also evaluated based on the T_max of the S2b peak. The Ordovician and Lower Silurian formations are thermally matured. The Upper Silurian and Triassic deposits are early matured to matured. However, Jurassic formations are low in thermal maturity. The total bitumen extracts increase with depth from the interval 1800–3000 m. This enrichment indicates that the trapping in situ in the source rocks and relatively short distance vertical migration can be envisaged in the overlying reservoirs. During the vertical migration from source rocks to the reservoirs, these hydrocarbons are probably affected by natural choromatography and in lower proportion by biodegradation.     

Accumulation and Reformation of Silurian Reservoir in the Northern Tarim Basin

Silurian sandstone in Tarim Basin has good reservoir properties and active oil and gas shows, especially thick widely-distributed bituminous sandstone. Currently, the Silurian was found containing both bitumen and conventional reservoirs, with petroleum originating from terrestrial and marine source rocks. The diversity of their distribution was the result of "three sources, three stages" accumulation and adjustment processes. "Three sources" refers to two sets of marine rocks in Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician, and a set of terrestrial rock formed in Triassic in the Kuqa depression. "Three stages" represents three stages of accumulation, adjustment and reformation occurring in Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan, respectively. The study suggests that the Silurian bitumen is remnants of oil generated from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks and accumulated in the sandstone reservoir during Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian and Late Hercynian stages, and then damaged by the subsequent two stages of tectonic uplift movements in Early Hercynian and Pre-Triassic. The authors presumed that the primary paleo-reservoirs formed during these two stages might be preserved in the Silurian in the southern deep part of the Tabei area. Except for the Yingmaili area where the Triassic terrestrial oil was from the Kuqa Depression during Late Himalayan Stage, all movable oil reservoirs originated from marine sources. They were secondary accumulations from underlying Ordovician after structure reverse during the Yanshan-Himalayan stage. Oil/gas shows mixed-source characteristics, and was mainly from Middle-Upper Ordovician. The complexity and diversity of the Silurian marine primary properties were just defined by these three stages of oil-gas charging and tectonic movements in the Tabei area.     

Tectonic fracture and its significance in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation: a case study on middle and lower Ordovician in Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin,NW China

Middle and lower Ordovician carbonate rock in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin forms important fractured reservoir beds. Core and log data indicate that tectonic fractures, as the main fractures in the Tabei Uplift, could be mainly classified into two types: oblique fractures and approximately vertical fractures. The fractures are mainly NNW‐trending and NNE‐trending, coincident with the large faults nearby. Fracture abundance was also controlled by lithology, and faults nearby played a significant role. Cores, thin sections and tests show that these carbonate rocks have as much as 2.5% fracture porosity and as much as 150 md fracture permeability. Based on the intersection of fractures in cores, together with fluid inclusion temperature data, and the timing of faulting from seismic profiles, tectonic fractures were considered to be mainly formed in three periods: the late Silurian when the first‐stage oblique fractures were formed, the late Permian when approximately vertical fractures were formed, and the late Tertiary when the second‐stage oblique fractures were formed. Lower Cambrian source rocks started to enter the stage of generous hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Silurian. Ordovician source rocks started to enter the stage of generous hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Permian and enter the over‐mature stage in the late Tertiary when light oil was generated. Timing of tectonic fractures formation and burial history analysis suggest that fractures formation might coincide with oil accumulation when fractures provided the pathway and storage space for the low permeability and low porosity reservoir beds caused by previous compaction and cementation. Considering the presence of a large amount of fracture‐developed dolomite in the deeper Ordovician Penglaiba Formation, the undrilled Penglaiba Formation should be paid more attention. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海南岛北部古生界时代:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学约束

海南岛古生界主要分布于南部三亚地块,并在琼中地块零星出露。相对于三亚地块,琼中地块内的古生界由于缺乏古生物化石证据及精细年代学数据,其地层划分及时代归属问题一直广受争议,严重限制了对海南岛北部古生代构造属性的认识。目前,利用沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄限定地层的沉积时代已得到广泛应用。本文在野外地质调查基础上,对海南岛北部邦溪、儋州、琼海等地区原划属为古生界的相关样品进行了锆石激光U-Pb年代学研究。锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明:于邦溪地区原划为奥陶系南碧沟组中采集的变质砂岩和儋州、琼海地区原划为志留系陀烈组中采集的变质砂岩的碎屑锆石给出的最年轻206Pb/238 U表观年龄分别为373、352和369 Ma,其年龄谱系与屯昌地区二叠系砂岩相类似,总体上年龄峰值为370 Ma左右,另外在约447、980、1 969~1 520和2 681~2 328Ma呈现次要峰值。结合其他资料,本文认为前人在海南岛北部划属的下古生界中至少有部分岩石应划属石炭系—下二叠统。上述研究丰富了海南岛古生界的年代学资料,也为海南岛构造演化等问题提供了新的约束。     

下扬子地区早古生代晚期前陆盆地沉积特征与盆山过程

下扬子地区从晚奥陶世开始沉积特征发生了明显转变,从浅海相转变为三角洲相沉积.这一沉积特征转变与早古生代晚期经历的强烈造山事件密切相关.通过下扬子地区晚奥陶世到志留纪沉积序列的沉积学和碎屑锆石年代学研究,揭示沉积盆地的性质及其时空演化过程,探讨沉积盆地发育与造山带隆升剥蚀之间的关系.下扬子地区早古生代晚期沉积学特征从东南向西北岩性由岩屑砂岩变为石英砂岩,粒度由粗粒变为细粒;沉积厚度等值线具有明显的不对称性,靠近东南等值线密,且沉积厚度大;往西北等值线稀疏,且沉积厚度小;沉积中心呈狭长带状分布,并从东南向西北方向迁移;具有前陆盆地的沉积特征.上奥陶统到中志留统的碎屑锆石以900～720Ma的年龄为主,指示物源以下伏新元古代晚期裂谷层序为主;从早志留世高家边组开始,450～420Ma碎屑锆石年龄出现并逐渐增多,表明同造山岩浆岩被剥露地表并开始提供物源;碎屑锆石中没有出现明显的代表华夏地块基底1.9～1.7Ga的特征年龄峰值,表明华夏地块不是下扬子地区早古生代晚期前陆盆地的主要物源区.下扬子地区前陆盆地从晚奥陶世开始沉降,晚奥陶世的构造沉降速率超过了沉积物的供给速率,前渊沉积了巨厚的浅海相泥岩夹粉砂岩和砂岩;晚奥陶世末造山带持续隆升并向西北方向扩展,沉积速率加快,沉积物粒度明显变粗,沉积相也由浅海相转变成三角洲前缘相;早志留世开始埋深较大的同造山岩浆岩开始遭受剥蚀,导致前陆盆地中450～420 Ma的碎屑锆石含量明显增加.     

塔里木盆地古生代重要演化阶段的古构造格局与古地理演化

塔里木盆地在古生代经历了中-晚奥陶世、晚奥陶世末、中泥盆世末等多个重要的盆地变革期,形成了多个重要的不整合,盆地构造古地理发生了重要的变化。中、晚奥陶世盆地的变革形成了由巴楚古斜坡-塔中隆起-和田河隆起构成的大型古隆起带、相对沉降的北部坳陷带以及由于挤压挠曲沉降形成的塘古孜巴斯坳陷带。中部古隆起带制约着晚奥陶世东窄西宽的弧立碳酸盐岩台地体系的发育,而开始形成于震旦纪的满加尔拗拉槽及东南侧的塘古孜巴斯坳陷接受了巨厚的中、晚奥陶世重力流沉积。奥陶纪末的盆地变革形成了北东东向展布的西南-东南缘和西北缘的强烈隆起带,总体的古构造地貌控制着早志留世北东东向展布的滨浅海陆源碎屑盆地的沉积格局。中泥盆纪世末期的盆地强烈隆升并遭受了夷平化的剥蚀作用,形成了大范围分布的角度不整合面,并以塔北隆起和塔东隆起的强烈抬升为显著特征。盆地古构造地貌从东低西高转为东高、西低,制约着晚泥盆和早石炭世由东向西南方向从滨岸到浅海的古地理分布。中、晚奥陶世主要不整合及其剥蚀量的分布反映出北昆仑向北碰撞和挤入是造成盆地南缘、东南缘及盆内隆起的主要原因。南天山洋的俯冲、碰撞在奥陶世末至早志留世已对盆地西北缘产生影响,导致塔北英买力隆起的抬升和遭受剥蚀。     

敦化-密山断裂带的平移距离:来自松嫩-张广才岭-佳木斯-兴凯地块古生代-中生代岩浆作用的制约

敦化-密山断裂带是郯庐断裂北段的重要分支之一,其大规模左行走滑发生的时限以及平移距离一直存在较大争议。本文系统地总结了松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘、佳木斯地块以及兴凯地块之上古生代-中生代火成岩的锆石U-Pb年代学资料,结合其空间分布特征,对敦化-密山断裂带的平移时限及距离提供了制约。研究表明,松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘与兴凯地块在古生代-中生代期间具有类似的岩浆活动历史,两个地块之上该时期的岩浆作用可以划分为8个主要期次:中-晚寒武世(ca.500~516Ma)、早奥陶世(ca.480~486Ma)、晚奥陶世(ca.450~456Ma)、中志留世(ca.426~430Ma)、早二叠世(ca.285~292Ma)、晚二叠世(ca.255~260Ma)、晚三叠世(ca.202~210Ma)和早侏罗世(ca.185~186Ma)。相比之下,佳木斯地块中的古生代-中生代早期岩浆事件则集中在晚寒武世(~492Ma)、晚泥盆世(~388Ma)、早二叠世(~288Ma)、晚二叠世(~259Ma)和早侏罗世(~176Ma),而晚奥陶世-志留纪和晚三叠世的岩浆活动在佳木斯地块未见报道。早白垩世晚期(ca.105~110Ma)和晚白垩世(ca.90~94Ma)的岩浆活动在三个地块均存在。上述结果表明兴凯地块东缘与松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘在早古生代经历了共同的地质演化历史,而中生代早期,兴凯地块西缘与松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘经历了同样的岩浆作用历史。上述结果暗示,敦化-密山断裂可能经历了至少两次平移,分别发生在中-晚二叠世-早三叠世和中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世,推测其总的平移距离约400km。结合研究区中生代期间的构造演化历史,敦化-密山断裂中生代的左行平移应与中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间古太平洋板块(Izanagi板块)的斜向俯冲相联系。     

Palynostratigraphical zonation of Palaeozoic sediments in southern Tunisia (the well HBR-1)

Based on palynological index species and other significant taxa, subsurface Paleozoic formation can be differentiated based on biostratigraphy. Five palynozones are recognized. One biozone is present in the Sidi Toui Formation, and indicates a middle ± upper Cambrian age. Four biozones are identified in the Ordovician, Silurian, and Permian. Permian and Triassic sediments unconformably overlie a subcrop of different Paleozoic units. Thus, a major unconformity has been identified in the south of Tunisia, which may be related to the Hercynian orogeny.     

新疆中天山古生代侵入岩浆序列及构造演化

新疆中天山构造岩浆带是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,广泛分布着古生代花岗质侵入体。本研究重点对中天山南缘巴音布鲁克及巴伦台地区的花岗质侵入体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,并获得了岩体侵位年龄由老到新分别为463±3Ma(石英闪长岩)、437±5Ma(石英闪长岩)、424±3Ma(二长花岗岩)、383±4Ma(二长花岗岩)、356±3Ma(二长花岗岩)和303±5Ma(正长花岗岩)。综合区域地质分析认为,中天山古生代侵入岩浆活动可分为四个构造岩浆演化阶段:(1)晚寒武世—晚奥陶世阶段,Terskey洋盆和南天山洋盆自新元古代打开形成广阔洋盆,Terskey洋盆在晚寒武世开始初次俯冲,于晚奥陶世洋盆闭合,南天山洋盆于早奥陶世初次俯冲,具有自西向东、由早到晚的俯冲特点;(2)早志留世—中泥盆世阶段,南天山洋盆持续向北俯冲,该阶段北天山洋开始向南侧俯冲,在伊犁地块北缘形成了弧岩浆;(3)晚泥盆世—早石炭世阶段,南天山洋盆闭合于晚泥盆世末期,在早石炭世中晚期进入残余洋盆演化阶段;(4)晚石炭世—早二叠世阶段,该阶段为后碰撞伸展环境,区域上为陆内演化阶段。