湘东北长三背花岗岩体成因机制研究

长三背花岗岩的矿物成分、岩石化学成分、稀土及微量元素含量等特征表明其源岩属壳源型；其侵位构造环境属于大陆碰撞亚型，是陆陆碰撞造山作用造就的陆壳改造系列花岗岩类。岩浆的演变机制主要是残余体分离作用;其侵位方式是沿右行剪切带强烈楔入式侵位。     

花岗岩构造与侵位机制研究进展

近年来对造山带花岗岩构造与侵位机制的研究表明，花岗岩不但可以侵位在区域伸展的构造背景，也可以侵位在区域挤压（缩短）的构造背景。花岗岩侵位受断裂的控制并不是像以前认为的那样明显，而是受多种侵位机制的共同作用，而构造样式和变形组构则是侵位机制研究的基础。提出了一些新的研究思路和方法。此外，对大别山中生代花岗岩构造、侵位机制作了简要讨论。     

地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害

通过对凤凰山岩体接触带的变质与变形特征、显微构造及变形缩短量的计算 ,分析了凤凰山岩体侵位与接触带变形及区域变形的关系。通过接触带变质矿物变形特征的研究 ,揭示了热变质作用与侵位变形的同时性 ;接触带构造变形研究表明 ,岩体周围发育的流变褶皱、韧性剪切带、压溶缝合线等与岩体左旋上升与汽球膨胀侵位有关 ;围岩缩短量的计算结果表明 ,岩体侵位过程造成强烈的围岩缩短是一种强力侵位机制。研究表明 ,凤凰山岩体侵位是在区域NNE向水平左旋剪切应力场作用下完成的。岩体接触带变形是NNE向水平左旋剪切应力与横向推挤的侵位应力联合作用下形成的。     

云南个旧市卡房矿田新山花岗岩侵位机制与成矿关系初探

文章综合了前人对花岗岩侵位机制的研究,对花岗岩几种重要的侵位机制进行了详述.在此基础上结合野外工作和实践,从围岩蚀变、流体运移、断裂控制等几个方面对云南个旧新山花岗岩体的侵位机制类型进行了综合分析,认为新山花岗岩体侵位机制类型属于岩浆底拱作用,新山矿段内形成的矿床主要有接触带铜锡多金属矿床、层脉状铜锡矽卡岩硫化矿床、变...     

大别造山带北麓苏家河地区两种不同基性岩浆作用的识别

详细的岩石学和地球化学研究表明，产于大别造山带北麓苏家河地区的基性岩性不同是同一套岩浆演化系列的产物，它们在岩相分带，岩石结构，矿物组合，主元素和微量元素特征及成岩机制等方面存在较大的空间差异。东部岩石为部分熔融作用形成，且受结晶分异影响微弱，其化学成分可近似代表原生玄武岩浆的性质，西部岩石则经历了较强的结晶分异作用，研究揭示，整个基性岩带可能由不同时代基性岩浆沿桐柏－商城断裂带侵位形成；其中，西部基性岩体年龄有待于进一步研究确定。     

花岗质岩浆侵位对围岩裂隙发育和热结构影响的数值模拟

岩浆侵位会引起围岩的接触变质作用和变形，虽然围岩中的破裂提供了流体活动和元素迁移的重要通道，但是大多数岩浆侵位模型忽略了围岩中热对流的影响。本文总结了岩浆侵位的数值模拟原理和常用模拟方法，然后使用离散元软件MatDEM建立了二维的双层围岩模型和均质围岩模型，用孔隙密度流法模拟花岗质岩浆侵位和冷却过程中岩浆与围岩之间的流- 固- 热- 力耦合过程。结果表明岩浆侵位过程中围岩的裂隙发育和热对流对接触变质晕具有重要影响，围岩的裂隙发育和热传输模式可分为三个阶段：① 岩浆侵位初期的挤压力使围岩中产生广泛分布的、呈径向展布的剪裂隙，围岩以热传导和孔隙渗流为主导；② 在持续的孔隙流体压下，径向裂隙连通形成主干张性断裂并向上扩展，成为熔/流体迁移的重要通道以及伟晶岩型和热液型矿床的成矿空间，通道流和局部热对流控制了围岩的热传输；③ 在岩浆侵位后期，岩浆房附近围岩中的孔隙流体压增大，在侵入体与围岩的接触带形成大量张裂，加强了变质晕内的热对流，有助于矽卡岩型矿床的形成。与只有热传导的模型对比，热对流使围岩中变质晕的宽度减小。接触变质晕的几何形态受侵入体的形态控制，但是变质晕宽度在空间上有显著差异。本研究为重建岩浆侵位过程中的变质- 变形- 成矿作用提供了新方法。     

济阳坳陷非生物成因气聚集的深层构造因素探讨

通过综合分析深部人工地震探测资料和非生物成因天然气分布特征，认为超塑性流动变形机制对于济阳坳陷地壳岩石流变和深部结构调整影响深刻。地幔物质上涌，中、下地壳特别是低速物性体的岩石流变以及表壳伸展破裂，制约着含气构造按照表壳脆裂与深部流变的组合样式发展。岩浆活动受到韧性地壳分层的阻隔，通过深熔作用同化岩石圈物质，通过侵位地壳改造壳层性质。在低速体所在层位，流体（包括二氧化碳）在聚集的同时促进了地壳岩层的变质、弱化。整个地壳层次上的深部顺层断裂、构造折离及断裂根部扩容是区内非生物成因气聚储的有利构造因素。     

青海省茫崖大通沟南山一带岩体侵位机制与矿床关系研究

青海省茫崖大通沟南山一带多发育中酸性岩体,岩体与围岩接触交代作用强烈,蚀变现象极发育,受阿尔金山大断裂影响,岩浆侵位机制多样,分别具有不同的侵位机制及制约其成矿专属性。大通沟南山西部-斑红山一带,岩体属被动就位机制,岩性为闪长岩、花岗岩,其内部产有捕虏体状的金、黄铁矿(化)体。大通沟南山北部多为主动就位,岩性为闪长岩,其中产有铜镍矿(化)体,主要产于辉长辉绿岩脉与围岩接触带处,少量形成于达肯大坂岩群碳酸盐岩和泥盆纪闪长岩体围岩中。不同的侵位机制、形成环境及对矿物的运移、富集有不尽相同的影响与约束;所以,研究岩体的侵位机制及成矿作用对本区的矿产种类及产出空间有重要的预测及指导找矿意义。     

青海省茫崖大通沟南山一带岩体侵位机制与矿床关系研究

青海省茫崖大通沟南山一带多发育中酸性岩体,岩体与围岩接触交代作用强烈,蚀变现象极发育,受阿尔金山大断裂影响,岩浆侵位机制多样,分别具有不同的侵位机制及制约其成矿专属性。大通沟南山西部-斑红山一带,岩体属被动就位机制,岩性为闪长岩、花岗岩,其内部产有捕虏体状的金、黄铁矿(化)体。大通沟南山北部多为主动就位,岩性为闪长岩,其中产有铜镍矿(化)体,主要产于辉长辉绿岩脉与围岩接触带处,少量形成于达肯大坂岩群碳酸盐岩和泥盆纪闪长岩体围岩中。不同的侵位机制、形成环境及对矿物的运移、富集有不尽相同的影响与约束;所以,研究岩体的侵位机制及成矿作用对本区的矿产种类及产出空间有重要的预测及指导找矿意义。     

壳幔混合层的物质过程及其动力学意义

以评述壳幔混合层的物质过程为主,对壳幔混合层的概念、研究现状、形成机制及作用过程等作了简要综述。底侵作用、拆沉作用和部分熔融作用是壳幔混合层的主要物质过程。底侵和拆沉构成壳幔物质循环,部分熔融则为其提供物质和条件,这三者相互作用,影响和制约着壳幔物质交换,在大陆地壳变形中起着极其重要的作用。最后分析了壳幔混合层的研究在岩石圈动力学中的意义     

国外陆壳岩石缺乏流体熔融实验和模拟的主要成果

近20年来人们越来越认识到,陆壳岩石缺乏流体熔融(fluid-absent melting)是花岗岩类岩石形成的重要机制。近10年来国外有关花岗岩类的实验模拟大多集中于研究在大陆中下部地壳深度内,主要陆壳岩石类型发生缺乏流体熔融所涉及的熔融反应类型、反应形成的熔融数量及有利条件等问题。综述了实验模拟研究的主要成果和对花岗岩类研究提供的某些限制和意义。强调对具体地区花岗岩类的成因研究要充分考虑不同源岩缺乏流体熔融可能产生的熔体数量、区域
岩石圈物质和能量调整能否导致高热状态的限制等因素。     

Mechanisms of melt extraction during lower crustal partial melting

Progressive vapour‐absent partial melting of a closed rock system increases melt pressure due to an expansion in the volume of the mineral plus melt assemblage. For a locally closed system, we quantify the melt pressure increase per increment of partial melting of a metapelite using phase equilibria modelling and combine it with Mohr–Coulomb theory to examine the interplay between melt pressure and fracture behaviour. It is shown that very small increments of vapour‐absent partial melting (<1%) increase melt pore pressure by tens of MPa leading to inevitable brittle failure of locally closed systems. Fracturing will affect these systems, even if initially limited to the scale of a few grains, and a connected microfracture network will enhance permeability as partial melting progresses. This will lead to a conditionally open system, potentially limiting accumulation of melt in the source. Repeated and cyclic fracture as temperature progressively increases will drive migration of the melt into sites of low fluid pressure at all scales. Crystal‐plastic creep processes create deformation‐induced dilatancy gradients that dominate over buoyancy forces at all scales in the melt source. Brittle and ductile deformation therefore cooperate in the extraction of melt. Enhanced porosity and permeability in ductile shear zones result in lower fluid pressure, providing a potentially important driving force for melt migration and drainage ‘up’ shear zones and along larger scale fluid pressure gradients in the crust.     

微量元素模拟限定大别造山带中生代花岗岩类的源岩成分

摘 要　 大陆碰撞造山带中花岗岩浆主要是因下部地壳缺乏流体熔融过程而形成的。对其源 岩成分限制而进行的微量元素模拟不仅要考虑源岩和熔体中有关矿物相比例的变化‚还要考 虑熔融过程中源岩矿物相组合的变化‚并选择合适的元素用于模拟。Rb、Sr、Ba 和 REE 模拟 结果显示‚上溪群杂砂岩作为扬子隆起带中生代花岗岩类的源岩是不合适的：大别隆起带中 的中生代花岗岩类也不可能完全由大别杂岩中的 TTG 质片麻岩熔融形成‚更可能是变基性岩 和 TTG 质片麻岩构成的复合源岩熔融的结果。     

Experimental study of eclogitization and melting of basic rocks at <Emphasis Type="Italic">Р</Emphasis> = 4 GPa and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Т</Emphasis> = 1200–1400°С

Experimental study of gabbro–norite eclogitization and melting at P = 4 GPa has made it possible to reveal the effective influence of fluid and temperature on the phase relationships. The melt composition varies from andesite–dacite in “dry conditions” to phonolite and carbonate in the presence of a fluid. The Grt-containing melting curve is replaced by the Cpx-containing liquidus as the temperature changes or a fluid is added. Hence, the possible presence of “garnetitite” and “clinopyroxenite” in the upper mantle was proved experimentally. The ultimate pressure of the spinel facies at the depth of the eclogite upper mantle is controlled by the stability of Cht ≤ 4 GPa. The revealed similarity of the spectra of REE-adakite, tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG), and melts formed under the partial melting of eclogitized gabbro–norite does not contradict the existing ideas of the eclogite source of the TTG rocks. Wide variations in the interphase microelement distribution factors D (Grt, Cpx)/L are indicative of effective fractionation of the microelements in the course of eclogite melting and differentiation.     

Ultrabasic magmas and high-degree melting of the mantle

As the degree of melting of mantle peridotite increases, the liquids that are formed become more basic and less viscous, and the spacing between residual crystals increases. The settling velocities of residual crystals in partial melts consequently will increase by several orders of magnitude, from 9.4 × 10^–4 cm/s to 4.3 × 10^–1 cm/s for a 1 cm olivine grain, as the proportion of liquid increases from 15 to 60%.To produce an ultrabasic komatiitic magma from a source with commonly assumed mantle composition requires 50 to 80% melting. Before this degree of melting can be reached, a highly fluid picritic magma produced by 30 to 50% melting will segregate from the source. Ultrabasic magmas probably form by a sequential melting process and are derived from a residuum composed of refractory minerals and trapped liquid left by previous episodes of partial melting and magma extraction. Trace element concentrations in ultrabasic komatiite lavas are consistent with this theory.     

Source controlled 87Sr/86Sr isotope variability in granitic magmas: The inevitable consequence of mineral-scale isotopic disequilibrium in the protolith

The broad Sr isotopic variability exhibited by granitoid rocks is commonly interpreted to reflect the mixing of magmas from different sources. However, evidence from granites and migmatites indicates that melting and magma extraction from crustal sources can occur sufficiently rapidly that trace-element and isotopic equilibration between liquid and residual phases is commonly not achieved. Additionally, evidence from unmelted high-grade metamorphic rocks indicates that major reactant minerals in the fluid-absent melting process, principally biotite and plagioclase, do not always attain equilibrium during regional metamorphism. When these two circumstances occur in combination, the melt does not inherit its radiogenic isotopic signature from the bulk source in a simple way. In such situations, the isotopic composition of the melt will be dependent on the isotopic compositions of the reactant phases and the stoichiometry of the melting reaction. This study has used information from experimental studies of fluid absent partial melting in metapelites and metagreywackes to investigate the consequences of Sr isotopic disequilibrium between the reactant minerals for magma composition. The study demonstrates that a range of isotopically distinct magmas can arise from progressive melting of a single source that is able to undergo melting through different reactions as temperature increases. When translated to the typically layered sources constituted by sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary rocks, this process will produce magmas characterized by Sr isotope variability that reflects the differences in melting reaction stoichiometry within the different layers, even with no bulk-rock isotopic variability between layers. This study demonstrates that the Sr isotope variability commonly observed within granitic suites, as well as at the grain and sub-grain scale within individual magmatic bodies, can be primary, reflecting differences in composition between magma batches produced from the progressive melting of a single source.     

Origin of K-poor leucosomes in a metasedimentary migmatite complex by ultrametamorphism, syn-metamorphic magmatism and subsolidus processes

Two types of stromatic leucosomes are identified in metasedimentary rocks from the Skagit migmatite complex, North Cascades, Washington state, U.S.A. Both types are trondhjemitic and appear similar in outcrop, but, although both contain low abundances of REE, one type consists of leucosomes that are relatively REE-enriched compared to the other, and contains (1) small (<0.8 mm), Fe-rich garnets that are compositionally and texturally different from mesosome and melanosome garnet; (2) Ti-rich minerals (rutile, titanite) that are not present in the groundmass of the associated mesosomes or melanosomes and (3) CO₂-rich fluid inclusions in quartz. Leucosomes of the second type are REE-depleted compared to the first type, lack garnet and Ti-minerals, and contain only H₂O-rich fluid inclusions. The first type of leucosome is interpreted to have formed by in situ partial melting accompanied, and perhaps initiated, by an influx of water-rich fluid during upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. These conclusions are based on estimates of metamorphic P-T-X_fluid conditions (9–10 kbar, > 700°C, water-rich fluid present), inferences about the origin of the above-listed mineralogical and fluid inclusion features, and modeling of leucosome trace element abundances. The second type of leucosome is interpreted to have formed entirely by subsolidus processes (e.g., metamorphic differentiation) because these leucosomes lack features consistent with an origin by partial melting.

K-poor (tonalitic/trondhjemitic) leucosomes associated with metasedimentary (biotite-bearing) source rocks may form by water-saturated partial melting or by subsolidus processes. Both general leucosome-forming mechanisms may operate at different times during upper amphibolite facies regional metamorphism. Partial melting may be initiated by syn-metamorphic magmatic activity if crystallizing plutons serve as external sources of the water-rich fluid necessary for ultrametamorphism in the middle crust during orogenesis. Large-scale migmatite complexes such as the Skagit migmatites may form at least in part in response to contact effects of plutonism associated with high-grade metamorphism, so, although migmatite complexes are a volumetrically substantial part of many orogenic belts, they may not themselves represent a significant original source of magma for larger-scale igneous bodies.     

岛弧环境中不同成因的火成岩组合及其地质意义

岛弧环境的形成是与大洋板块俯冲作用有关,由俯冲流体作用于地幔楔部分熔融形成的钙碱性火成岩组合是岛弧环境中物质组成的主体。此外,目前还识别出与俯冲作用有关的其它的岩石类型:埃达克岩、富铌玄武岩、TTG、赞岐岩、玻安岩等,它们指示着不同的地球动力学背景、壳—幔相互作用过程以及源岩发生部分熔融的物理化学条件。本文主要对形成于岛弧环境中不同成因的火成岩组合的特征、形成机制、成矿作用及动力学意义进行了综述。     

湘东南汝城盆地火山岩的元素地球化学及源区性质讨论

湘东南汝城盆地火山岩系由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成 ,属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。玄武岩全岩K Ar年龄为 ( 12 8 4± 4 2 )Ma ,辉绿岩全岩K Ar年龄为 ( 112 1±3 2 )Ma。元素地球化学分析表明火山岩系具有同一岩浆源区 ,其形成以部分熔融方式为主。岩石微量元素出现大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U的富集和高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti的亏损。强不相容元素含量的比值表明岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分 ,具有富集型地幔的特征。岩浆源区主要受到地壳物质混染以及来自消减残留板片析出流体的交代改造作用。     

成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪研究综述

成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪是近年来流体地球化学研究的一个新趋势。通过流体来源示踪、运移示踪和定位示踪可以追溯流体活动的全过程,对恢复流体活动历史、演化历程具有积极意义。对成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪方法进行了一定的总结,对人们常用的地球化学示踪方法－－同位素地球化学示踪、无素地球化学示踪、包裹体地球化学示踪及气体地球化学示踪的研究现状进行了综述。