基于大学生需求与偏好的旅游解说媒体研究

了解不同类型游客对解说媒体的需求,对解说系统的规划设计有重要的指导意义。故从大学生的角度,通过问卷调查分析大学生对解说媒体的需求与偏好,经相关分析、单因素方差分析探讨了大学生人口统计学特征、出游特征与解说媒体需求之间的联系。研究发现,大学生对解说员、网络和电子解说媒体有较高的需求;不同人口统计学特征和出游特征对解说媒体的需求存在很大的差异。     

Quantitative estimation of the influence factors on snow/ice albedo

Quantitative estimation of the influence of various factors,such as black carbon,snow grain,dust content,and water con tent on albedo is essential in obtaining an accurate albedo.In this paper,field measurement data,including snow grain size,density,liquid water content,and snow depth was obtained.Black carbon and dust samples were collected from the snow surface.A simultaneous observation using ASD(Analytical Spectral Devices)spectral data was employed in the Qiyi glacier located on Qilian Mountain.The measurements were compared with results obtained from the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SNICAR)model.Additionally,a HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)air mass backward trajectory model was used to track the source of black carbon.The simulation was found to correlate well with observed data.Liquid water content was the most influential factor of albedo among the several influencing fac tors,followed by black carbon content and snow grain size.Finally,snow density change had the least toward albedo.HYSPLIT atmospheric trajectories model can only approximately show the source of black carbon and not clearly indicate the source region of black carbon.     

“Is there a bubble to burst?”-college students’ spatial perception of campus and the city,a case study of rhodes college in memphis,TN

ABSTRACT

This paper builds on the study of student geography by critically examining college students’ perceived space of a university campus and the surrounding urban space. Rhodes College is a liberal arts college situated in the city of Memphis. As a campus with a majority white population located in a predominately black city, Rhodes College exists within but often separate from the city. It serves as a perfect case study to investigate how the college students build relationships with the environment within and beyond the campus. By using mental mapping and focus groups, this research unpacks four spatialities that shape college students’ perception of the urban space: (in)activity space, (im)mobility, boundaries, and center. This research demonstrates that student geography can be gendered, classed and racialized. The perceived space is socially constructed, and is reinforced by the lived and material space. Finally, this paper provides implications to facilitate deeper connections between students, the campus, and the city.     

黑土侵蚀速率及其对土壤质量的影响

利用¹³⁷Cs示踪法,研究了东北黑土耕作土壤的流失厚度和速率,探讨了水土流失对土壤机械组成、有机质、土壤水分、容重及其N、P含量的影响。结果表明:研究区侵蚀坡面¹³⁷Cs的分布深度在0～25cm,¹³⁷Cs的活度在1246.05±85.90～1499.45±101.73Bq/m²,侵蚀厚度可达0.316～0.433mm/a,侵蚀强度3033.6～3940.3t/km²·a,已属于中度侵蚀水平。水土流失造成土壤质地粗化,从坡顶向坡底,耕层土壤有机质增加、容重变化不大,含水量增加,土壤养分的“贫化”现象明显。     

东北典型黑土区土壤风蚀环境分析

根据1951~2000年的日平均风速、气温和降水数据以及1980~2000年的沙尘暴资料,分析东北典型黑土区的风蚀环境。结果表明,东北典型黑土区6个气象站点1~5月平均气温50年来显著升高,1~5月总降水量没有明显变化趋势。嫩江年大风日数1980年以来比1950~1960年多,年沙尘暴日数也有所上升,土壤风蚀环境趋于严重;哈尔滨等5地风蚀环境减弱。典型黑土区土壤风蚀环境在整个东北地区处于中等状态。     

Cycling willingness: Investigating distance as a dependent variable in cycling behavior among college students

We present a novel approach to understanding distance as a barrier to cycling and its use as a dependent variable in multinomial logistic regression. In doing so, this study explores distances in relation to spatially and relevant human factors such as gender and propensity to cycle among college students. College students (N = 949) participated in a health survey and stated possible predictors of cycling based on their cycle usage and preferences in the previous 30 days. While utilizing GIS in a bicycle-friendly network, we created geo-statistical GIS-groupings and performed multinomial logistic regression analysis. We examined college students to discover how their demographic and personal characteristics may mediate the deterrent properties of distance when considered as a dependent variable in cycling to a college campus. Age and propensity for cycling for transportation mediate the negative effect of distance on the likelihood of cycling. The findings also suggest that infrastructure improvements could lessen the impact of distance as a barrier to cycling and increase the likelihood of cycling for commuting.     

典型槽型转脊型黑风天气过程成因分析

2010年4月24-27日甘肃省河西走廓、西北东部及华北出现了大风沙尘暴天气过程,河西走廓出现黑风天气,损失十分严重。针对这次罕见的槽型转脊型黑风天气过程,应用2002-2011年3-5月逐日08时和20时高空流场资料、高空图资料和地面每隔3 h天气图资料,对其天气形势演变、高空垂直风场及水平相对螺旋度场进行了深入对比分析。结果表明:4月24日20时700～500 hPa有较强冷空气入侵,700 hPa大气层结存在剧烈的高低空不稳定,≤-1 000 m2·s-2强螺旋度负值中心是黑风爆发的动力因素,25-27日08时700 hPa≥15 m·s-1低空急流区的存在是这次大风天气得以持久维持的关键原因。     

Regional Differences in Affluent Black and Affluent White Residential Outcomes

This study compares the residential outcomes of affluent black and affluent white households using data from the 1990 and 2000 censuses and pooled data from the 2005–2009 American Community Survey. Results indicate that affluent black households are highly segregated from their white economic peers. Furthermore, affluent black households live in neighborhoods of lower average quality compared to affluent white households. Affluent black households are least segregated from affluent white households in the South, but the greatest equality in neighborhood‐quality outcomes occurs in the West. The South, however, shows the greatest improvement in both average neighborhood quality for affluent black households and a substantial reduction in affluent black–affluent white segregation over the entire study period. The authors find that place stratification theory better describes the residential geography of affluent black households than does spatial assimilation theory.     

游客特征及偏好与区域旅游发展的响应 ——以广东省肇庆星湖风景名胜区为例

以广东省肇庆星湖风景名胜区游客群体为研究对象,通过文献梳理与实地调研相结合进行研究。结果发现:(1)星湖风景名胜区的旅游市场是高度近域化的市场,其游客主要是学生、企业职员、工人与农民等;(2)从游客总体看,星湖风景名胜区游客的选择偏好由高到低依次为自然风景、区位因素、门票价格、地域文化和其他因素,但不同特征的游客群体表现了各自相应的选择偏好;(3)游客个性特征与产品选择之间具有一定的关系,不同来源与职业的游客群体表现了不同的消费水平。     

Preferences of Wyoming residents for siting of energy and residential development

Many communities are challenged with balancing growing demands for energy and residential development with the protection of places having cultural or biological importance. Incorporating the preferences and values of local residents early in decision-making processes through public participation GIS (PPGIS) data may help to limit land use conflicts. We used a PPGIS dataset from three counties in Wyoming to determine 1) if there are spatial relationships among mapped cultural or biological values and preferences for new energy or residential development that indicate compatibility or conflict and 2) if there is evidence of geographic discounting or a not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) pattern associated with development preferences. We found strong overlap, or compatibility, between mapped cultural and biological values and little or no overlap among mapped biological or cultural values and energy development siting preferences. These relationships could identify opportunities for conservation initiatives and inform siting of new developments. Where people live influenced their mapping patterns. Participants mapped perceived positive environmental conditions closer to home than negative conditions, demonstrating geographic discounting. We observed NIMBYism for wind development, as participants mapped wind preferences further from their homes than where development is anticipated. We also observed NIMBYism for residential development, but at a reduced spatial discounting rate compared to wind development. Participants mapped their preferences for oil and gas development further from home than existing or anticipated wells but tended to place them near a large oil and gas field, which may reflect a preference for concentrated development, rather than NIMBYism. We noted distinct preferences for contrasting values in different locations, and this consistency among participants shows that PPGIS datasets have potential to communicate a useful collective vision to inform development siting.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地黑碳气溶胶浓度

利用2006年3月-2007年2月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站黑碳测量仪的观测数据,结合同期PM₁₀、能见度及常规气象观测资料,分析了沙漠地区大气中黑碳气溶胶浓度的变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明：观测期间黑碳浓度小时平均值为1.81±1.58 μg·m^-3,日平均浓度为1.72±0.85 μg·m^-3,区域本底值为0.78 μg·m^-3;日变化呈单峰,与其他地区的双峰、三峰型不同;季节变化特征明显,春、冬季黑碳浓度较高,秋季较低,春季大量沙尘增加了气溶胶的吸收特性,黑碳测量仪观测的黑碳浓度要高于近地面大气中实际的黑碳浓度;黑碳浓度小时平均值与风速呈显著非线性相关,不同风向下黑碳浓度水平有较明显的差异,该地区黑碳浓度的变化与盛行风向上来自污染较严重地区的气团输送有关,并且受局地沙尘和排放源的影响。     

Paper versus Pixel: Effectiveness of Paper versus Electronic Maps To Teach Map Reading Skills in an Introductory Physical Geography Course

Abstract

This article addresses the lack of outcome-based research on the integration of technology into pedagogy at the undergraduate college level. It describes a study performed at a Midwestern university, testing the relative effectiveness of paper and electronic topographic maps for teaching map-reading skills, and considers the relationship between learning styles and paper or digital map preference. Results indicate that, although student map skill performance did not differ significantly with the use of paper or electronic maps, students preferred paper maps. Neither their performance nor their preferences were related to learning style. The article discusses the significance of these findings.     

Mental Maps and Fuzziness in Space Preferences*

Mental maps are widely used to represent aggregate residential preferences in a population. This study examines the contention by researchers that the dominant viewpoint in a group in terms of residential desirability is not affected by the fuzziness in individual space preferences. Results indicate that a significant misrepresentation of group preferences can result when fuzziness of individual preferences is overlooked. The use of ordinal scales to generate mental maps is likely to distort the actual pattern of residential preferences that dominates in the group because of the failure of the ranking approach to account for imprecision and ambiguity in individual preferences. Because interval scales used in rating or evaluating tasks do not force individuals to give a crisp judgement of places, they are more adequate than ordinal scales for mental mapping and for behavioral analysis.     

1960-2017年阿拉善高原风蚀气候侵蚀力时空演变

根据阿拉善高原8个气象站观测资料,利用联合国粮农组织公式计算风蚀气候因子指数值（C值）,分析气候侵蚀力时空演变特征。结果表明：① 阿拉善高原C值为15.0~160.0,平均为67.7。② 从空间分布来看,C值由拐子湖分别向东南、西南减小;拐子湖站高达156.1,而阿拉善高原东南部的腾格里沙漠南缘C值为20~30;西南部合黎山一带C值下降至30~35。③ 季节变化明显,春季最大,夏季次之,秋季最小;春季和夏季的C值之和约占全年的62.6%。Mann-Kendall（M-K）检验分析表明,风蚀气候侵蚀力在1990年发生突变。拐子湖站年C值增加趋势显著,其余各站年C值均显著下降。风速是阿拉善高原风蚀气候侵蚀力的决定性气象因子。     

东北黑土水土流失特点

东北黑土区是中国的主要粮食生产基地。黑土水土流失和肥力退化一直是东北农业持续发展必须面对的问题。文章以黑土为对象,分析了水土流失的方式和特点。黑土流失面积虽大,但侵蚀的土壤物质大部分没有进入河道,而是在黑土景观的低洼部位堆积下来,形成侵蚀和堆积共存的土壤物质再分布景观特征。合理的农业管理措施,如等高耕作和保护性耕作可以在很大程度上控制黑土侵蚀,保持和恢复黑土肥力。     

Relationships between spatial and non-spatial preferences and place-based values in national forests

The management of multiple-use public lands such as national forests in the U.S. is controversial because of the wide range of potential uses and contested public values for these lands. Previous research on national forest values and management preferences examined these relationships non-spatially. The development of public participation GIS (PPGIS) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) systems provide new opportunities to assess spatial relationships between perceived national forest values and preferred uses. This research used empirical data collected from a PPGIS/VGI study for three national forests in California to examine spatial and non-spatial relationships between place-based forest values and preferred uses. The relationships suggest public participants translated some of their non-spatial forest values and preferences into behavioral choices when mapping place-specific values and preferred uses. The empirical relationships between place-based forest values and uses were generally consistent with previous survey research results. Positive, non-spatial attitudes toward extractive uses of national forests were correlated with participant mapping of economic values and related extractive uses, while nonmaterial forest attitudes were correlated with participant mapping of amenity values and conservation-related uses. Further, spatial preferences for extractive forest uses such as timber harvesting were mapped proximate to economic values, while nonmaterial spatial preferences were mapped proximate to amenity-related forest values. PPGIS offers the potential to translate philosophical and ideology-based national forest preferences into place-specific discourse about forest management activities where public accommodation may be more achievable.     

A context-aware personalized travel recommendation system based on geotagged social media data mining

The proliferation of digital cameras and the growing practice of online photo sharing using social media sites such as Flickr have resulted in huge volumes of geotagged photos available on the Web. Based on users' traveling preferences elicited from their travel experiences exposed on social media sites by sharing geotagged photos, we propose a new method for recommending tourist locations that are relevant to users (i.e., personalization) in the given context (i.e., context awareness). We obtain user-specific travel preferences from his/her travel history in one city and use these to recommend tourist locations in another city. Our technique is illustrated on a sample of publicly available Flickr dataset containing photos taken in various cities of China. Results show that our context-aware personalized method is able to predict tourists' preferences in a new or unknown city more precisely and generate better recommendations compared to other state-of-the-art landmark recommendation methods.     

中国城镇居民国内旅游消费模式

以往学术文献主要探讨旅游消费行为的局部特征,而本文旨在基于中国社会经济和文化背景下对旅游消费模式进行整体性探究,试图发现中国城镇居民国内旅游的普遍规律。本研究于2010年1月至3月对全国15个城镇的2500名居民进行了抽样调查,藉由前期质性研究提取的核心变量提炼出我国城镇居民国内旅游消费的基本模式。研究表明:(1)我国城镇居民参加国内旅游的消费模式有三种,分别为积极主动型、中间型和消极被动型;(2)这三种基本国内旅游消费模式在其旅游消费行为方面存在显著的分异现象和规律;(3)这三种基本旅游消费模式的旅游者在人口统计特征方面存在显著的差异;(4)旅游动机、旅游涉入、目的地选择因素的重视程度、对各类景观的兴趣程度等具有显著正相关。     

Students' familiarity and initial contact with species in the Monte desert (Mendoza,Argentina)

This study investigates how familiarity and initial contact with species can be explained by social-demographic variables in an arid environment of Argentina. Our main objectives were to investigate which species children are familiar with, and analyse the effect of place of residence, sex and age on students' knowledge and initial contact with species. In total, 1746 students between 7 and 18 years old participated in the study, from 25 urban and 19 rural schools. Students were asked to write down ten animals and ten plants, and to indicate where they had seen them for the first time. Children were able to name an important number of species but they were mostly acquainted with exotic ones. Familiarity with species and the use of different sources of information can be explained by interactions between the studied factors, while place of residence was not as significant as we expected. Sex was an important explanatory variable, likely influenced by differences in roles and children activities' preferences. It is necessary to improve the knowledge on native species, particularly those with conservation problems by using information sources close to nature, without neglecting the knowledge of the exotic species that children showed more familiarity from everyday life.     

Characterizing geographical preferences of international tourists and the local influential factors in China using geo-tagged photos on social media

Understanding the geographical preferences of international tourists is critical for the tourism planning and marketing. However, it is not an easy endeavor to gather the corresponding information, given the absence of city-level tourism statistical data and high costs of participant survey. This paper characterizes the geographical preferences of international tourists using geo-tagged photos on social media (the Flickr in particular). Data are harvested for 333 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2013, and the intensity of photo sharing (IPS: the ratio between total number of uploaded photos and total area of the city/region) is used an indicator of tourist geographical preferences. IPS visualization shows the geography that tourism hotpots generally concentrate in regional capital cities and economically developed megaregions. More specifically, the East Asia and Oceania tourists exhibit more preferences towards the eastern coastal cities, while the Europe and North America visitors show increasing interest in exploring the western and northern places. Spatial regression is employed to quantify the local influential factors of tourists’ geographical preferences. It is found that international tourists usually consider the local economy, accessibility, infrastructure and cultural attractions when they choose their destinations in China. East Asia and Oceania visitors particularly appreciate the local economy and cultural attractions. Europe and North America tourists especially value the cultural attractions and local openness. The demonstrated methodological framework is not restricted to Flickr data, and it can be applicable to social media offer geo-tagging service. This paper is therefore believed to advance the applications of social media into geographical research.