Neotectonics and associate seismicity in the Eastern Tellian Atlas of Algeria

Seismicity in the Eastern Tellian Atlas of Algeria is active of moderate to low magnitude. The direct identification of active fault is often a difficult task. In fact, in this region, despite the intense seismicity, only the Constantine earthquake of 27 October, 1985 ( M s = 5.7) and the Kherrata earthquake of 17 February, 1949 ( M s = 4.7), have generated surface ruptures. Hence, the integration of both geological, historical and instrumental seismic data are important in order to characterise the most important seismogenic structures. This paper presents a preliminary overview of the identified neotectonic faults that we consider active in the Eastern Tellian Atlas of Algeria. Thus, seismicity and neotectonic maps are presented and the faults which are active or potentially active from a neotectonic point of view are shown in relation with the main seismic groupings. This study based mainly on available seismic and bibliographic data and several unpublished marine seismic data enable us to suspect a fault as the eventual source of the Jijeli earthquake of 21 August 1856 that destroyed the Jijeli town and its surroundings. The results inferred from this work represent a starting point for more detailed studies in seismogenic areas.     

Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Main Seismogenic Zones in North Algeria

—A seismogenic zoning for north Algeria is proposed. The characteristics of each zone are studied in detail and different statistical analyses are performed in order to assess the slope of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship, the mean annual activity rate of earthquakes, the average return period, the probability of non-exceedence during a time period and the maximum expected magnitude. The slope of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship determined by traditional methods, physical strain energy release and corresponding magnitude, together with a new approach based on both historical and instrumental data, are used to estimate the seismic hazard parameters.¶The seismic hazard parameters obtained described well the characteristics of each proposed seismogenic zone. The b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship concurs especially well with the most common seismotectonic interpretation of each zone, for example 0.70 ± 0.06 at El Asnam region and 0.63 ± 0.09 around Algiers. The average return period obtained (approximately 300 years for magnitude 7.5 at El Asnam region, exceeding 1000 years in other regions), corroborate those obtained through Paleoseismic studies and others using a digital elevation model.     

城市震害预测中设定地震的确定问题

提出了一个确定震害预测中设定地震的方法,包括：确定贡献量最大的潜在震源区、潜在震源区内贡献量最大的震级档和设定地震的构造位置等。以福建省泉州市为例,获得５０年超赵概率６３％、１０％和２％等３个概率水平下的设定地震。本文给出的设定地震方法纵使了确定论方法和概率论方法的优点,有助于地震危险性分析方法的发展。     

改进的城市桥梁震害预测因子法研究及其应用1

本文根据对青岛市123座桥梁的考察结果，建立了与青岛市桥梁类型比例相当的国内243座桥梁的资料，并以此为对象阐述了城市桥梁震害预测因子法的研究过程，确定了桥梁易损性影响因素及其取值，给出了桥梁震害预测指标计算方法和各种破坏状态的划分依据等。最后将此方法运用到青岛市地震应急指挥系统中，对青岛市的123座桥梁进行了桥梁震害模拟。     

华北地区的背景地震活动及区域未来强震危险性

华北地区的历史强震活动非常频繁。 然而, 自1998年张北M_S6.2地震以来, 该地区已经经历了10多年的地震平静期, 中强震平静现象比较突出。 本文利用1970年至2009年的小震资料, 对华北地区的背景地震活动进行分析, 给出了地震活动性参数b值、 最大震级以及强震复发间隔和强震年平均发生概率的空间分布。 b值空间分布表明, 山西构造带的运城地区, 郯庐断裂带的宿迁地区以及太行山块体内部的石家庄地区的b值较低。 地震活动性参数的综合空间图像表明华北地区的地震活动主要受区域深部动力因素所控制。     

大华北地区地震灾害与风险评估

地震灾害与风险是两个本质不同的概念：地震灾害是指由地震所引起的自然现象,而地震风险是指由地震灾害所导致人类及其环境破坏的可能性。在考虑抗震设防时,地震风险是更为重要的因素。本文首先对地震灾害与风险这两个概念进行探讨,然后利用500年的历史地震烈度资料对大华北地区的地震灾害和风险进行评估。研究结果表明,大华北地区具有较高的地震灾害和地震风险,尤其是鄂尔多斯周缘和京津唐地区;研究区内很多城市现行的抗震设防要求可能偏低。     

Background Seismicity and Its Application to Seismic Hazard Assessment in the North China Region

The historical earthquake activity is intense in the North China region. However, no middle-sized earthquakes have occurred in the last decades in the region since the MS6.2 earthquake in the Zhangbei region in 1998. The quiescence of moderate and strong earthquakes is quite prominent in North China. In this paper, we use small earthquake records in 1970~2009 to study background seismic activity in the North China region. The spatial distributions of seismic parameters are presented, including b-value, the maximum magnitude and annual occurrence probability of earthquakes of M≥6.0. Our results show regions with low b-value that include the Yuncheng region in the Shanxi rift, the Suqian region located in the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and the Shijiazhuang region in the Taihangshan block. Our analysis on the synthetic spatial pattern of seismicity indicate that seismicity in the North China region is mainly affected by the regional dynamic factors of deep structures.     

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Izmir, Turkey

Izmir, the third largest city and one of the major economic centers in Turkey, has more than three million residents and one-half million buildings. The city, located in a seismically active region in western Anatolia, was a subject of the 1997 RADIUS (Risk Assessment Tools for Diagnosis of Urban Areas against Seismic Disaster) project. In this paper, the seismic hazard of Izmir is investigated through probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. First, the seismic setting of Izmir is presented. Considering the statistics of earthquakes that took place in the region during the period 1900–2005, a simple seismic hazard model is used to facilitate the assessment. To account for modeling uncertainties associated with the values of seismicity parameters, a logic tree procedure is employed in carrying out the seismic hazard computations. The resulting weighted average seismic hazard, presented in terms of peak ground acceleration and associated probability of exceedence, could be considered the “best estimate” of seismic hazard for Izmir. Accordingly, for a return period of 475 years, for rock sites, a PGA value of 0.34 g is calculated. This PGA hazard estimate is close to the current code-recommended design acceleration level for Izmir.     

基于R值和统计分布检验的年度地震危险区个数评估

针对年度地震危险区划定的个数问题开展了一些尝试性研究,旨在从统计学角度给出危险区个数的最佳估值,对年度地震预测实践给出一定参考意见。通过R值评分算法反推出年度地震危险区个数的估算公式,同时改进了传统聚类算法用于识别空间距离较近的地震“丛集区”,在此基础上分别统计中国大陆地区1950—2019年满足目标震级的年度地震发生个数、地震“丛集区”和“孤立发生地震”的个数之和,最后进行多种统计分布模型拟合与检验,结合置信区间确定危险区个数的合理上限。结果表明,由两种统计结果得出的年度危险区个数的参考值也略有差别,第一种基于中国大陆地区东部(107°E以东)M_S5.5、西部(107°E以西)M_S6.0以上地震年度发生率的危险区个数参考值为9个,适用于稍大震级的判定;第二种基于中国大陆地区年度M_S5.0以上地震“丛集区”识别结果的危险区个数参考值为13个,与目前中国地震台网中心使用的个数一致,对判定年度M_S5.0以上地震具有较好的应用实效。     

Effect of Aftershocks on Assessment of Seismic Hazard for Hebei Seismic Zone,China

In this paper,the earthquake hazard parameters(λm,b and Mmax) from the maximum likelihood method for the raw catalogue and declustered catalogues have been used to discuss the effect of the aftershocks on the earthquake hazard estimation.The declusterd catalogues have been compoiled from the raw catalogues by deleting the aftershocks in different time interval after main shock according to the criteria for the aftershock activity period.As an example,Hebei seismic zone is taken to show the effect of the aftershock on the earthquake hazard assessment because three strong earthquakes with the aftershocks occurred from 1966,to 1976,The results have been shown that the effect of the aftershocks on the parameters λm,b is significant.The difference between the clustered and declustered catalogues has reached in seismic activity rate and recurrence period,at most,45% and 90%,respectively,But the diffeence in Mmax is smaller,Based on this,the suggestion that the aftershocks should be omitted in the estimation of the earthquake hazard could be made,but how long the aftershocks activity duration is still left to the future research.     

基于信息扩散理论的云南省地震风险评估及管理研究

利用信息扩散的方法,从破坏性地震次数风险和震级风险的角度对云南各地区进行了风险评价,并提出相应的风险管理策略。     

华北地区地震烈度衰减模型的建立

利用20世纪华北地区37次中强地震事件的89条等震线数据,拟合了该地区地震烈度衰减关系。主要选取了M≥5.0的地震事件。与以往的地震烈度衰减关系相比,在计算中强地震烈度时,精度上得到了相应地提高。充分反映了华北地区地震烈度衰减较慢的特点。     

淄博市及其邻近地区活断层地震危险性评价

本文是山东省防震减灾“十五”重点项目(SD10503)—淄博市活断层探测与地震危险性评价项目的一个子课题和山东省自然科学基金青年基金(Q97E1142)——郯庐断裂带强震孕育动力学模型及其数值模拟研究部分研究成果的总结.在分析研究地震地质、地球物理、断层综合地球物理探测、探槽开挖、断层活动性鉴定等技术手段获得的反映区域地震构造环境、深部构造背景、活动断裂长期滑动习性的定性和定量资料、历史与现代地震活动性和地球动力学资料的基础上,甄别出具有发生破坏性地震的活断层段.同时利用定性、定量和综合判定方法,评价了淄博市及其邻近地区主要断层的地震危险性.本项研究成果为淄博市城区地震小区划、震害预测和断层危害性评价提供了基础依据.     

兰州马衔山北缘断裂地震潜势评估

马衔山北缘断裂为晚第四纪活动的左旋逆走滑断裂,是对兰州市影响最大的控震断裂,自东向西可分为内官营段、马衔山段、七道梁段和雾宿山段4条次级断层段.其中雾宿山段为1125年兰州7级地震的发震断层段,其特征地震平均复发间隔为2 250～3 590年,最晚离逝时间为882年,在未来关注的200年内再次发生强震的可能性较小;马衔山段特征地震平均复发间隔约为3 120年,历史上曾发生过多次中等破坏性地震,其潜在地震危险性值得关注;七道梁段和内官营段未获得古地震复发间隔等参数,但历史上均发生过中等破坏性地震,未来仍存在中等破坏性地震发生的可能,其地震复发间隔可近似地参考马衔山断裂带上相应震级地震的平均值.     

非洲南部地壳与上地幔地震波速度与径向各向异性特征及其对克拉通岩石圈中部不连续面的启示

克拉通地区发育的岩石圈中部不连续面(Mid-Lithosphere Discontinuity, MLD)对于理解克拉通的形成与演化有着重要的意义.非洲南部的卡普瓦尔克拉通(Kaavpvaal craton)较为稳定, 是研究MLD地震学特征及其成因机制的一个重点区域.本研究基于多个地震台网105个台站记录的700多个地震事件的面波波形, 通过Rayleigh波和Love波成像, 构建了非洲南部地壳与上地幔的三维剪切波速度与径向各向异性模型.研究结果表明, 卡普瓦尔克拉通的地壳与上地幔呈现相对高速异常, 其岩石圈与软流圈界面(LAB)出现在约220 km深.另外, 我们在卡普瓦尔克拉通岩石圈内部约100 km深观测到一个速度突变面, 可解释为MLD, 并在MLD下方观测到低速层.而各向异性在上地幔的垂直方向上并未显示明显的区域性突变, 似乎暗示MLD的地震各向异性特征更为复杂.结合前人的研究成果, 我们推测卡普瓦尔克拉通MLD与上地幔低速层的成因可能与温度密切相关.而镁值成分异常或岩浆侵入则会局部的改变该克拉通(尤其是其北部)上地幔速度.针对MLD与上地幔低速成因的研究还需结合更多的地球物理数据和岩石实验结果.本研究为理解克拉通的演化提供重要的基础.

     

山西临汾盆地及其周缘现今地震活动特征与地震危险性分析

依据地震地质构造和断裂带几何特征,将临汾盆地及其周缘划分为6个研究区域,运用近27年经过精确定位的区域台网地震资料,采用多个地震活动参数值的组合,结合震源深度分布、历史强震背景,分析临汾盆地及其周缘各研究区的现今活动状态。结果表明,现今应力水平较高的3个区域分别为洪洞—临汾凹陷、侯马凹陷和峨眉台地。其中,洪洞—临汾凹陷为1303年洪洞8.0级地震的破裂区,现今应力水平仍然较高,其中深部出现的小震活动稀疏段可能表明其正处于破裂区的恢复阶段;侯马凹陷至峨嵋台地北缘自有史料记载以来,没有记录到M6以上地震,现今地震活动特征显示其处于较高应力水平下的相对闭锁状态,属于未来强震的危险区段;灵石隆起、辛置凸起和襄汾凸起现今应力水平相对较低,以中小地震活动为主要特征,强震危险性较小。