FORMATION MECHANISM AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION IN CENTRAL JILIN OF CHINA

1 INTRODUCTION Urban agglomeration researches originated from the concern about the city cluster in the developed areas of western countries. The modern researches have been extended to the specific areas. HALL (2001) summa- rized the generality and difference of urban metropoli- tans in Europe, and analyzed the spatial structure of dif- ferent areas. NAUDE and KRUGELL (2003) analyzed the spatial development of urban agglomeration in South Africa, and thought that the size of the p…     

Changing spatial and structural patterns of non-agricultural activities in outward-moving Beijing urban fringe

As responses to metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringes should be understood against the background of overall economic development and spatial reconstruction of entire metropolises.At the same time,however,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are also worthy of scholarly attention.Since the 1980s,studies on urban fringes in China have been restricted by the lack of micro-level data.This paper investigates the spatial expansion and structural evolution of the urban fringe by taking the case of Beijing and uses systematic firm-level data in 1996 and 2001 from the National Census of Basic Units.The diversity of distribution patterns across industrial sectors brings about two interrelated results.On the one hand,structural adjustment of non-agricultural industries promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of the urban fringe.On the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.This study also reveals that the outward-moving urban fringe is the optimal location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer and consumer services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports have not moved with the fringe.Most advanced services remain concentrated in the city center.The authors argue that it is essential for understanding and managing urban fringes to take into account spatial evolution and industrial structural adjustment together with their interaction with each other.     

Measurement and spatial distribution of urban agglomeration industrial compactness in China

Urban agglomeration （UA） compactness means spatial concentration degree of physical entities, such as cities （towns）, industries, resources, funds, traffic and technologies, whose concentration is formed according to specified economic and technologic association in the process of UA formation and development. The UA industrial compactness means the concentration degree of industry and industry clusters with reference to the industrial, technological and economic relations among the cities in the UA in the process of rational industrial division and with the extension of industrial chain. After analyzing the researches on compactness, this paper finds that the relevant measurement coefficient and methods reflecting industrial geographical concentration fail to link industries spatial concentration with urban spatial concentration. Taking 23 UAs as samples and classifying them by development degree, this paper probes into UA compactness and spatial distribution characteristics from the perspective of industry by adopting UA index systems of industry and measurement models. The research finds out： 1） there is obvious positive correlation between UA industrial compactness and UA development degree; 2） the spatial distribution difference of UA industrial compactness is relatively great; and 3） UA industrial compactness shows a gradually decreasing tendency from the eastern part, the middle part to the western part of China. From the research thoughts and approaches, this article suggests that studies on the UA integrated compactness measurement should be enhanced from a multidimensional per- spective involving space, traffic, population density and so on.     

Stability of Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration in China Based on Central Place Theory

This paper brings forward the concept of stability of the spatial structure of urban agglomeration(UA)based on Central Place Theory by introducing centrality index and fractal theory.Before assessment,K=4 is selected as parameter to calculate centrality index and fractal dimension(K represents the quantitive relationship between city and the counties in Central Place Theory),and then found the number of nodes,the type of spatial structure,the spatial al-location of nodes with different hierarchy affecting the stability of spatial structure.According to spatial contact direction and the level of stability,UAs in China are classified into five types.Finally,it is posed as a further question that how to use hierarchical relation K=6 and K=7 in central place system to coordinate with the assessment of stability of spatial structure is brought forward.     

EVOLVEMENT OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND MAIN DRIVES IN WUXI, CHINA

1IN TR O D U C TIO NC hina, as a developing country, is experiencing rapidpopulation grow th and land expansion,w hich has gen-erated considerable governm entalconcernsand scholar-ly attention (FA ZA L,2000).R esearchers have revealeda m assive increase i…     

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL SPACE OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION—Taking Wuxi City as an Example

From the angle of ecology, urban agglomeration presents relevant types of landscape structure, which in-clude Patch, Corridor and Matrix. There are different landscape features and different problems in different developmentphases. This paper has put forward five basic conditions for security pattern of landscape ecology of urban agglomeration,described quantitatively the features for landscape ecology in Wuxi, and analyzed ecological background of spatial expan-sion and spatial organization of urban development in Wuxi. From the angle of ecological land use and non-ecological landuse, the paper has analyzed the features of land use and ecological distribution of land in the urban area. The spatial mod-el of cities and towns in Wuxi is composed of one metropolis, two urban zones and three development axes. This thesishas planned preliminarily ecological protection network at four levels in the urban region according to four layers. At last,combining landscape ecology with urban space, a tentative security pattern of landscape ecology has been planned in Wux-i, namely Source-Buffer Zone and Metropolis, Radiating Routes and Expansion Direction of City, Strategic Point and Interac-tion between Cities and Towns, Inter-Source Linkage-Corridor of a Stable Landscape Structure.     

Field Modeling Method for Identifying Urban Sphere of Influence： A Case Study on Central China

With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship. However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that: 1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China; 2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers; and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related group type and loose-related group type.     

中国艾滋病空间格局和时空演化分析

探索艾滋病疫情的空间格局和时空演化特征,发现其分布和流行规律,对促进艾滋病防控工作具有重要意义。本文基于1997—2016年中国艾滋病省级发病率资料,利用空间自相关技术探测艾滋病疫情的空间格局,并使用重心轨迹迁移算法进行时空演化分析。结果表明：中国艾滋病疫情在省级尺度上具有较强的空间依赖性。1997—2016年,中国艾滋病疫情的全局空间关联程度从弱变强,而且存在进一步强化的趋势;疫情总体呈现“南重北轻,中部过渡”的空间格局,可将中国艾滋病发病率在局部发生空间自相关的区域划分为以内蒙为代表的北方疫情冷点片区和以广西为代表的南方疫情热点片区;中国艾滋病疫情的总体流行程度不断加深,且具有明显的地域差异性,在空间上表现为非均衡增长。因此,今后的艾滋防控工作必须在传统预防手段的基础上注重疫情扩散的时空规律,重点加强对疫情热点区域和高风险传播方向的管控,以达到区域协同、精准防控的目的。     

New patterns of urban development in China

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｉｔｙｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｒｅ ｇｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ .Ｆｏｒｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ,ｉｎ 1996,ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌａｒｅａｓｏｆ 666ｃｉｔｉｅｓｏｎｌｙｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆ 18.12ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｉｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ ,ａｎｄｂｕｉｌｔ ｕｐａｒｅａ 1.8ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ .Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｔｈｅ 68.63ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆＧＤＰ(ＧｒｏｓｓＤｏ…     

Spatial pattern evolution and casual analysis of county level economy in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China

In order to evaluate whether or not the county units＇ economy in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan （Chang-Zhu-Tan） Urban Agglomeration was growing as expected, this study analyzed the spatial economy pattern at county-level by using the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA） method. In this process, the global Moran＇s I and local Getis-Ord Gi＊ indexes were employed to analyze indicators including per capita GDP and three industrials （i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary industry） from 2000 to 2010. The results show that： 1） the county units＇ economy in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration has exhibited a strong spatial autocorrelation and an accelerated integration trend since 2008 （Moran＇ s I increased from 0.26 to 0.56）; 2） there is a significant difference in economy development between the northern and southern county units in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration： the hotspot zone with high economic level was formed among the northern county units whereas the coldspot zone with low economic level was located in the southern areas. This difference was caused primarily by the increasingly prominent economic radiation effect of Changsha ＇upheaval＇; 3） town density, secondary industry, and the integration policy are the major contributors driving the evolution of the spatial economy pattern in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration.     

基于空间场-水文模型的城市影响腹地界定及其空间演变分析——以河南省地级城市为例

城市影响腹地范围的划分,在区域与城市规划中有着重要的理论和实际意义。本文从"城市结节性"和"空间交通可达性"两方面改进场强模型,采用主成分分析法与指标体系计算河南省城市结节性指数,利用累积耗费距离测算空间可达性,借助k阶数据场模型与水文分析模型,综合测度了1991年和2010年河南省17个地级城市的影响腹地范围及空间演变特征。研究表明,20年间河南省地级城市的平均可达本文时间从1991年的45.41 min缩短为2010年的33.03 min,空间场能显著增长且空间分异性显著。南阳的腹地面积增加最大,信阳的腹地面积缩小最大;安阳腹地面积增加率和漯河腹地面积减少率最大。郑州的腹地范围与其行政辖区偏移度最大。     

STUDY ON THE OPTIMUM PATTERN OF DAQING URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Daqing is a mining city that was set up on wetland by exploiting and processing petroleum.This paper points out that net-group urban system is the optimization mode for Daqing urban spatial structure through analyzing and appraising the present situation,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of Daqing spatial structure.And the best way of optimizing Daqing urban spatial structure is to adopt sustainable development strategy,establish the coordinated grade structure of urban system,construct developed towns net system,prefect the function structure of the towns at all levels,make full use of resources and strengthen environmental protection.Spatial structure of Daqing must be according-ly adjusted in order to adapt to the transformation of future economy types and functions.Bsded on the foundation of keep-ing net group,the development should be from disperse to moderate centralization in order to give prominence to the multi-function of the central city.Constructing ruralizing city should be the future goal of Daqing City.     

EVOLUTION OF URBAN SYSTEM IN NEW ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES AND PLANNING COUNTERMEASURES

As one kind of organizational relation of regional space, in essence, urban system is the spatial reflection of the deep social economic movement.(HERZOG,1991). Since the 1980s, by means of the globalization of economy and high technology and the particular spatial effect, the evolution of urban system has taken on one brand-new landscape different from the traditional one, which also raise new concepts and requirements for urban system planning. Meanwhile, it′s no doubt that active plannin…     

Simulation analysis on spatial pattern of urban population in Shenyang City,China in Late 20th century

The spatial distribution of urban population can reflect significantly urban functions and development status. Shenyang, as a typical old industrial city in China, has experienced considerable changes in spatial distribution of population in the process of urban transformation, resulting in the change of urban spatial structure. Based on the sub-district data of Chinese national population censuses in 1982, 1990 and 2000, this study simulates the evolution pattern of spatial distribution of urban population in Shenyang City. Using statistical method and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), we found that the population distribution, on the whole, has presented a balanced and decentralized trend since the 1980s, which characterizes with Chinese suburbanization. Furthermore, based on the investigation of the pattern of population distribution, it is concluded that the negative exponential model fitted the distribution best, and population concentration in the inner suburb kept increasing gradually, meanwhile, the spatial structure of population distribution has presented a polycentric feature since the 1980s. The parameters of the model show that population in the urban core concentrate significantly all the time. The increase of population in the inner suburb influences the population distribution pattern more and more importantly, but the concentration intensity of population cores in inner suburb is still low.     

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF LAND-USE CHANGE AND ANALYSES OF DRIVING FORCES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DURING 1990-2000

Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities influencing our physical environment. Supported by the dynamic serving system of national resources, including both the environment database and GIS technology, this paper analyzed the land-use change in northeastern China in the past ten years (1990–2000). It divides northeastern China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree (DD) of land-use: woodland/grassland — arable land conversion zone, dry land — paddy field conversion zone, urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing, and reclamation and abandoned zone. In the past ten years, land-use change of northeastern China can be generalized as follows: increase of cropland area was obvious, paddy field and dry land increased by 74.9 and 276.0 thousand ha respectively; urban area expanded rapidly, area of town and rural residence increased by 76.8 thousand ha; area of forest and grassland decreased sharply with the amount of 1399.0 and 1521.3 thousand ha respectively; area of water body and unused land increased by 148.4 and 513.9 thousand ha respectively. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of land use, this paper also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zones. The study shows that some key biophysical factors affect conspicuously the conversion of different land-use types. In this paper, the relationships between land-use conversion and DEM, accumulated temperature (⩾10°C) and precipitation were analysed and represented. We conclude that the land-use changes in northeast China resulted from the change of macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population growth and management changes, in some sense, can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland — cropland conversion zone. The conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land — paddy field conversion zone, apart from the physical elements change promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market-economy in China has given farmers the right to decide what they plant and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially from the change of dietary habit with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is caused prmarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation management by local governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandoned zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of farming than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In northeastern China, the rapid expansion of built-up areas results from two factors: the first is its small number of towns; the second comes from the huge potential for expansion of existing towns and cities. It is noticeable that urban expansion in the northeastern China is characterized by gentle topographic relief and low population density. Physiognomy, transportation and economy exert great influences on the urban expansion. Foundation item: Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation program Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX-2-308). Biography: LIU Ji-yuan (1947 - ), male, a native of Shanghai Municipality, professor, Director General of Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include environment and resources, remote sensing and geography.     

ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE IN CHINA

The quality of life is considered as the distributed degree of social resources with significance to the urban residents as a whole. There are three features about the study of the quality of life by means of objective method. First, objective methid is based on the government publication of statistics from which the information of social environment influencing people's life can be obtained by systematic analysis. Second, as a result of social policy and planning development, the quality of life studied by objective method can provide scieatific basis for regulating and making policy. Third, the objective method emphasize that the improvement of the quality of life mainly depends on the effort from the government so as to set up a coordinatly developed environment of community.On the basis of relevant data from the 1991 Yearbook of Urban Statirtics of China published by Statistics Press of China, and using spss, the quality of urban life in China is evaluated. Seventy four cities are selected from 467     

Spatiotemporal evolution of urban land uses in modern urbanization of China

Taking social statistic data as basic data,this paper extended the meaning of urban land uses,highlighted the meaning of urban land uses in modern urbanization,which includes direct,indirect and induced land uses,quantitatively simulated the indirect and induced land uses by the substitution method of agricultural consumption and urban carbon emission and then,analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban land uses in China during 1952–2005 by spatial analysis tool of Geographic Information System. The results indicate that the area of urban land use in China had been increasing since 1952,showing an inversed pyramid structure,i.e.,the directthe indirectthe induced. Specifically,Chinese urban land use has changed from concentrated distribution in Northwest China to balanced spatial distribution,and the eastern coastal area is under great pressure. Moreover,the northeastern region has moved into the induced dominant stage,while the western region remains at the indirect dominant stage. Finally,it is proposed that in order to guarantee the future demand of urban land use in China,ensuring the induced land use in the eastern region should be taken as a priority goal of Chinese developing policy.     

Spatial gradient analysis of urban green spaces combined with landscape metrics in Jinan City of China

1IN T R O D U C T IO NUrban green spaces can be consideredas the outdoorplacesintheurban covered with significanatmounts ofvegetation,naturalor manmade,as opposed to areasthatare paved or having buildingon them(JIM andC HEN,2003;SHIVANAND and SUZANA,2005)…     

The progress in urban social spactial differentiation study of China

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中国城市群臭氧污染时空分布研究

随着中国城市建设进程的加快,中国的臭氧（O₃）污染逐渐受到重视。城市群是人口大国城镇化的主要空间载体,是城镇化的主体形态。截至2017年3月底,国务院共先后批复了6个国家级城市群,并提出要优化提升东部地区城市群,培育发展中西部地区城市群。另外,新的城市规模划分标准以城区常住人口为统计口径,将城市划分为5类7档。为了研究中国O₃污染的时空分布特征以及O₃污染与城市群之间的关系,利用地理探测器（Geographical detector）和演化树模型对2014年6月到2017年5月共36个月的O₃监测数据进行时空分析。结果表明：中国O₃污染水平呈现上升趋势,并在2017年迅速增长,O₃已成为仅次于PM_2.5的第二大污染因子,且与PM_2.5在时间上呈“交错污染”的态势;O₃污染超标城市绝大多数集中在城市群区域,其中长江三角洲城市群、京津冀城市群、山东半岛城市群和中原城市群相对突出;O₃和PM_2.5均不超标的城市主要集中在北部湾城市群和海峡西岸城市群;城市群中人口规模大的城市O₃污染较为严重。