煤系地层中砂岩火山尘填隙物的成岩作用特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地天然气储层为例

在晚石炭世—早二叠世,鄂尔多斯盆地泥炭沼泽环境下发育的富含火山尘填隙物砂岩是煤成气的主要储集层。研究表明,该类砂岩的原杂基主要由同沉积期初步水化作用的火山尘构成;在煤系地层水环境下,火山尘经过初步水化作用后并不能形成沸石族矿物,主要形成了铝硅酸盐和硅酸盐的微细混合物;在埋藏过程中,砂岩火山尘填隙物的水岩反应受到煤系地层水介质性质及其活动性影响,主要发生脱水收缩作用、溶解作用、蚀变作用、碳酸盐交代作用和重结晶作用;火山尘填隙物的成岩作用在局部范围内可改善天然气储层,但也增强了储层的非均质性。     

泥炭质土K0固结不同开挖路径应力-应变关系研究

基坑开挖过程中不同部位的土体会因不同的卸荷力学行为而表现出动态的破坏特性。为研究基坑土体开挖过程中复杂的卸荷应力路径,利用TSZ-1S应力控制式三轴仪分别对湖相沉积的泥炭质土进行固结不排水及K₀固结下的加、卸荷试验,并按侧向、轴向、轴侧向同时卸荷等不同卸荷条件制定试验方案,模拟基坑开挖过程中不同部位土体卸荷路径下的应力-应变曲线、卸荷剪切破坏时的强度及初始切线模量等的变化规律。试验结果表明：土体的应力-应变特性与应力路径密切相关,各路径下应力-应变曲线都近似呈双曲线型;卸荷剪切破坏时强度明显低于加荷破坏。对不同卸荷路径下初始切线模量(E_i)的研究发现,E_i受侧向卸荷影响较大,卸荷后E_i有所提高,轴向卸荷对其影响较小。对各应力-应变曲线进行归一化处理,构建了考虑不同归一化因子的归一化方程,以该方程为基础对不同应力路径下的泥炭质土进行归一化处理,并对结果进行了验证,效果良好。本研究可为泥炭质土场地上基坑在不同卸荷路径下的变形参数和本构关系的研究提供参考。     

Ulster White Limestone Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Northern Ireland: effects of basalt loading on chalk diagenesis

The Ulster White Limestone Formation is an unusual chalk because it underwent a period of post-depositional emergence and erosion, followed by burial under 1·5–2·0 km of Tertiary basalts. A high degree of pressure solution and cementation produced a well-lithified limestone with low porosities (2·3–10·4%). The Ulster White Limestone shows no evidence of thermally induced textural alteration, except for thin (<0·5 m) pseudospar contact recrystallization zones adjoining basalt dykes. Whole-rock δ¹⁸O values of samples not associated with basalt dykes range from - 3·26%o to - 6·50%o (PDB). The δ¹⁸O values of macropore cements range from - 4·96%o to - 11·52%o (mean=-8·27%o). Modelling of the diagenesis of the Ulster White Limestone using trace element concentrations and carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic ratios of whole rock and cement samples suggests a low water-rock ratio and either marine or mixed marine-meteoric pore water environment during the main episode of recrystallization. The maximum possible burial temperature was modelled to be ? 105°C. The diagenetic history of the Ulster White Limestone is similar to that of North Sea chalks that are at comparable burial depths as the Ulster White Limestone after basalt deposition. The geochemical data show no indication of hydrothermal alteration associated with the overlying basalts. The degree of alteration of fine-grained limestones composed predominantly of low-magnesium calcite, such as the Cretaceous/Tertiary chalks, appears to be controlled largely by the burial (effective stress) history of the limestone.     

Leaching of inorganics in the Cretaceous Greymouth coal beds, South Island, New Zealand

Leaching processes are believed to be responsible for the unusually low-ash content (sometimes less than 1%) of the thick (up to 35 m) Cretaceous coals located in the Greymouth coalfield, South Island, New Zealand. Although leaching of inorganics in peat is a generally accepted process, little is known about leaching after burial. The “Main” and “E” seams in the Greymouth coalfield show good correlation between low ash and bed thickness. The ash content, however, is often less than 1%, which is lower than most known modern analogues (i.e. peat). There are several lines of evidence that suggest that mineral matter may have been removed from the coal not only in the peat stage but also after burial. For example, etching features found in quartz grains and clay aggregates indicate that some leaching processes have taken place. In addition, liptinitic material (e.g., bitumen) in the cleat networks supports the conclusion that there has been some movement of solutions through the coal after burial. These solutions may have helped to remove some of the inorganics originally within the Greymouth coals.     

Structural changes of young kerogen during laboratory heating as revealed by alkaline potassium permanganate oxidation

Kerogen was isolated from a marine sediment from Tanner Basin, offshore California. Samples of the kerogen were heated under an inert atmosphere at various temperatures and times. The heated and unheated kerogens were subjected to alkaline potassium permanganate oxidation followed by GC/ MS analysis of the products. The kerogens yielded primarily aliphatic C₂–C₁₄ α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and benzene mono-to-pentacarboxylic acids. Yields of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids from kerogen decreased with increasing thermal alteration. Yields of benzenecarboxylic acids increased steadily with increasing thermal alteration. The data support the concept that thermal maturation during natural burial of this type of kerogen results in the generation of aliphatic hydrocarbons from an increasingly aromatic residue.     

SMR geomechanics and kinematic analysis near Rasulpur,Fatehpur Sikri,Uttar Pradesh

Slope stability of mine slopes is often associated with safety and economics during excavation. Sandstone is excavated from Rasulpur area of Fatehpur Sikri in Uttar Pradesh for the purpose of crushed, decorative and dimension stones. In the present paper an attempt has been made to characterize the rock slope faces into different stability classes. Characterization is based on geological and geotechnical parameters recorded on the outcrop during field investigation and supplemented by geomechanical properties by the laboratory test for strength of the rock intact. SMR Geomechanics classification is used to identify the stability class and remedial measures are also suggested to reduce any possible hazard. Kinematic analysis of slope was also investigated to determine the probability of any possible structurally controlled failure. On the basis of SMR Geomechanics calculations slope under investigation lies under good stability class i.e. 2a and 2b. Installation of nets during excavation can be done and for better safety spot and systematic rock bolting can be done. Kinematic study reveals that toppling failures may occur, special care must be given to the joint set which can trigger toppling failure.     

Pyrite formation and the drowning of a palaeosol

Palaeosols may be modified in a variety of ways during burial diagenesis but significant alteration can take place during the earliest phases of burial caused by rising groundwaters. A calcrete palaeosol, the Heatherslade Geosol, from the Lower Carboniferous of South Wales, contains abundant pyrite which overprinted the original soil fabrics. The pyrite is interpreted as the product of anaerobic conditions caused by drowning during the early stages of a marine transgression. Unusual diamond-shaped forms of pyrite occur which possibly represent pseudomorphs after gypsum.     

Determination of rank and petrographic composition of Jurassic coals from eastern Surat Basin,Australia

Petrographic analysis and rank determination were carried out on coals from a Jurassic sequence in eastern Surat Basin, Australia. The coals consist mainly of exinite-rich clarite, with desmocollinite as dominant maceral of the vitrinite group. Petrographically there is no significant variation in the composition of the coals. A herbaceous swamp type, free from severe oxidation/ dehydration, appears to have been a dominant depositional environment during the peat accumulation.The coal rank ranges from sub-bituminous B to high-volatile bituminous C/B. Vitrinite reflectance/ depth profile shows a uniform increase in coalification with depth of burial.     

Inertinite-rich Tertiary coals from the Zeya–Bureya Basin, Far Eastern Russia

Selected Tertiary coals from the Zeya–Buryea Basin, Far Eastern Russia, were investigated for aspects of their coal type, rank, depositional environment and post-depositional history. The coals have been examined in outcrop (lithotype logging), microscopically (maceral, reflectance and fluorescence), and geochemically (proximate analysis).Two laterally extensive coal-bearing horizons occur: one of Palaeocene age and the other of early Miocene age. The Palaeocene coals were investigated in active open-cut mines at Raichikhinsk and Yerkovtsi and the early Miocene deposit in an abandoned open-cut mine at Cergeyevka.Palaeocene coals at Raichikhinsk and Yerkovtsi were indistinguishable from each other macroscopically, microscopically, and geochemically. The deposits were sufficiently coalified that brightness logging could be undertaken. Dull coals, with numerous fusainous wisps, were dominant. Four dulling-up sequences, which represent stacked peat deposits, were observed at Raichikhinsk. At Yerkovtsi, only a small section of the middle of the seam, which was mostly dull and muddy coal, was investigated. Petrographically, these coals were dominated by inertinite group macerals, which is unusual in non-Gondwanan coals and rare in the Tertiary. Rank classification was problematic with volatile matter (VM) content of vitrain (daf), macroscopic appearance, and microscopic textures suggesting subbituminous B rank, but carbon content, moisture content and specific energy indicating a lignite rank.Notwithstanding complications of rank, estimates of the maximum-range burial depths were calculated. Taking the VM (daf) content of vitrain as 48%, burial depth estimates range from 900 m for a high geothermal gradient and long heating time to a maximum of 3300 m for a low geothermal gradient and short heating time. These estimates are maxima as the coal rank may be lower than implied by the VM.The Cergeyevka deposit is a soft brown coal. Limited sampling of the upper-most portion indicated a high moisture content (75% daf) and an unusual, hydrogen-rich geochemistry. Lack of identifiable liptinites using either reflected light or fluorescence microscopy suggested a significant bituminite component. Otherwise, the coals appear to be typical for the Tertiary. An estimate of 125 m maximum burial depth was obtained using the bed-moisture content of the coal, which is around the present burial depth.Comparison of present-day thicknesses with inferred burial depths suggests that at least 500 m of section is missing between the Palaeocene coals and the early Miocene coals.Palaeoenvironmental considerations suggest that fire played a significant role in the accumulation of the peats at Raichikhinsk and Yerkovtsi. At Cergeyevka, peat accumulation ended by drowning of the mire.Two tuff beds were recognised within the seam at Raichikhinsk and one in the seam at Yerkovtsi. Correlation of the tuff beds is uncertain but they should prove useful in regional coal seam correlation and interpreting coal depositional environments. Geochemical analysis by XRF was complicated by high loss-on-ignition (LOI) values. Despite extensive alteration, an acid igneous source is implied from the presence of free quartz and TiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 0.02 to 0.05.     

The carbon and sulfur cycles and atmospheric oxygen from middle Permian to middle Triassic

The results of a theoretical isotope mass balance model are presented for the time dependence of burial and weathering-plus-degassing fluxes within the combined long-term carbon and sulfur cycles. Averaged data for oceanic δ¹³C and δ³⁴S were entered for every million years from 270 to 240 Ma (middle Permian to middle Triassic) to study general trends across the Permian-Triassic boundary. Results show a drop in the rate of global organic matter burial during the late Permian and a predominance of low values during the early-to-middle Triassic. This overall decrease with time is ascribed mainly to epochs of conversion of high biomass forests to low biomass herbaceous vegetation resulting in a decrease in the production of terrestrially derived organic debris. Additional contributions to lessened terrestrial carbon burial were increased aridity and a drop in sea level during the late Permian which led to smaller areas of low-lying coastal wetlands suitable for coal and peat deposition.Mirroring the drop in organic matter deposition was an increase in the burial of sedimentary pyrite, and a dramatic increase in the calculated global mean ratio of pyrite-S to organic-C. High S/C values resulted from an increase of deposition in marine euxinic basins combined with a decrease in the burial of low-pyrite associated terrestrial organic matter. The prediction of increased oceanic anoxia during the late Permian and early Triassic agrees with independent studies of the composition of sedimentary rocks.Weathering plus burial fluxes for organic carbon and pyrite sulfur were used to calculate changes in atmospheric oxygen. The striking result is a continuous drop in O₂ concentration from ∼30% to ∼13% over a twenty million year period. This drop was brought about mainly by a decrease in the burial of terrestrially derived organic matter. but with a possible contribution from the weathering of older organic matter on land. It must have exerted a considerable influence on animal evolution because of the role of O₂ in respiration. Some examples are the extinction of many vertebrates, loss of giant insects and amphibians, and the restriction of animals to low elevations. It is concluded that the extinction of plants may have contributed to the extinction of animals.     

Diagenetic trends in the phenolic constituents of Sphagnum-dominated peat and its corresponding humic acid fraction

Models of peat accumulation assume that peat decomposition occurs mostly above the water table, with little or no decomposition once it enters the deeper, saturated, anoxic zone. Few studies have used molecular biomarkers for tracing post depositional, decomposition-related trends in peat deposits. We studied the major diagenetic changes in the phenolic constituents within a Sphagnum-dominated ombrotrophic bog deposit. The yield of lignin-derived phenols and degree of decomposition, measured using alkaline cupric oxide oxidation of bulk peat samples and their corresponding humic acids, revealed that most of the degradation takes place in the surface layers corresponding to the acrotelm. In fact, total phenolic constituents of peat samples decrease from 36.1 to 21.6 mg g⁻¹ OC (organic carbon) over the first 36 cm, whereas in the deeper anoxic layers, phenolic constituents tend to accumulate, reaching a highest concentration of 71.0 mg g⁻¹ OC. The diagenetic alteration of these phenolic constituents during peat accumulation involves significant demethoxylation and an increasing yield of vanillyl oxidation products despite the low redox potential. Syringyl phenols tend to be particularly resistant to diagenetic alteration and are significantly enriched within the humic acid fraction (twofold) with respect to the bulk peat. This, together with the higher degree of oxidation, suggests that this organic matter fraction is enriched in more resistant, but nonetheless diagenetically altered, phenolic constituents. This suggests that humic acids constitute a refractory pool of organic C with a relatively low turnover rate. Our results confirm that the major processes involved in the variation in phenolic constituents with depth are strongly related to the post depositional environment and that evaluation of diagenetic trends in phenolic constituents may provide molecular-level information on the changes that fresh biomass undergoes during early diagenesis in peatlands.     

A loess landslide induced by excavation and rainfall

The initiation of loess landslides is a common engineering problem during the construction of the expressway or other engineering works in the Loess Plateau of China. The engineers and researchers should devote themselves to the prevention of the initiation of loess landslides. This study focused on a loess landslide which was induced during the construction of an expressway in Shanxi Province of China. The stabilities of the loess hillside slope before and after excavation were analyzed using limit equilibrium analysis method and the strength reduction finite element method, respectively. The analysis results indicated that the loess hillside slope, before excavation, was stable under both natural state and rainfall conditions. The collapse of the loess hillside slope, or the initiation of loess landslides, after having been excavated, was induced by excavation and rainfall. The integrated stabilization method including four parts was used to stabilize the loess landslide. The four parts were a reinforced concrete piles row, a rubble concrete retaining wall, alteration of slope geometry, and interception and drainage of water. The initiation of the loess landslide might be evitable if it was given enough attention before excavation; thus, the problem of loess landslides should be paid big attention during the survey and design of the engineering works, not only during the construction.     

Geophysical prospection for late Holocene burials in coastal environments: Possibilities and problems from a pilot study in South Australia

Geophysical techniques have been widely employed for the noninvasive location of burial sites in archaeological and forensic investigations. This approach has met with varying degrees of success, depending on factors such as equipment choice, survey methodology, burial type, and geological setting. This paper reports the results of a multitechnique geophysical survey carried out immediately prior to the salvage excavation of two Indigenous burials from an eolian dune in coastal South Australia. Ground‐penetrating radar was not successful in defining the location of the burials owing to the disturbed nature of the local stratigraphy. Magnetic field intensity and apparent magnetic susceptibility surveys identified discrete anomalies that coincided with the location of skeletal material revealed during excavation, which we hypothesize to be due to burning or ochre use during funerary practices. Despite the spatial association of these features, subsequent laboratory analyses of the mineralogy and magnetic properties of sediments collected from the site failed to find a definite cause of the anomalies. Nevertheless, the association between them and the primary interment locations has implications for archaeological surveys carried out in the Australian coastal zone, as it highlights the potential of magnetic field intensity and apparent magnetic susceptibility geophysical techniques undertaken with a more refined survey methodology to afford a noninvasive, culturally appropriate means through which to detect Indigenous burials. This approach may prove particularly useful in areas with disturbed stratigraphy where ground‐penetrating radar is less effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Radiocarbon ages for coatings on cupules ground in quartzite bedrock at Rhino Cave in the Kalahari Desert of Botswana,and their paleoclimatic significance

Geophysical techniques have been widely employed for the noninvasive location of burial sites in archaeological and forensic investigations. This approach has met with varying degrees of success, depending on factors such as equipment choice, survey methodology, burial type, and geological setting. This paper reports the results of a multitechnique geophysical survey carried out immediately prior to the salvage excavation of two Indigenous burials from an eolian dune in coastal South Australia. Ground‐penetrating radar was not successful in defining the location of the burials owing to the disturbed nature of the local stratigraphy. Magnetic field intensity and apparent magnetic susceptibility surveys identified discrete anomalies that coincided with the location of skeletal material revealed during excavation, which we hypothesize to be due to burning or ochre use during funerary practices. Despite the spatial association of these features, subsequent laboratory analyses of the mineralogy and magnetic properties of sediments collected from the site failed to find a definite cause of the anomalies. Nevertheless, the association between them and the primary interment locations has implications for archaeological surveys carried out in the Australian coastal zone, as it highlights the potential of magnetic field intensity and apparent magnetic susceptibility geophysical techniques undertaken with a more refined survey methodology to afford a noninvasive, culturally appropriate means through which to detect Indigenous burials. This approach may prove particularly useful in areas with disturbed stratigraphy where ground‐penetrating radar is less effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Near‐isochemical evolution of clay mineral assemblages in differentially buried volcaniclastic sediments,the Late Miocene Upper Red Formation,Iran

The Upper Red Formation (URF) comprises over 1–5 km of late Miocene siliciclastic sediments in the Central Iran Basin. The formation is dominated by volcaniclastic conglomerates and arenites. The prevailing arid conditions during most of the basin's history resulted in deposition of predominantly organic‐poor, red sediments with gypsum and zeolites. This investigation concentrates on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the URF in the southern and northern margins of the basin where the formation was buried to depths of 2.4 and 6.6 km, respectively. Fine fraction mineral separates from the southern margin consist of nearly pure smectite and zeolites at a depth of 400 m and smectite with minor quartz and calcite at 1800 m. Shallow samples (1350 m) from the northern section are rich in smectite, illite/smectite with some discrete illite and chlorite. This assemblage is progressively replaced by discrete illite and chlorite with increasing burial depth so that only these two minerals are found at depths greater than 4300 m. The initial alteration process involved replacement of glass and volcanic lithics by smectite and zeolites in both margins of the basin. Increased depth of burial in the northern margin resulted in the progressive isochemical alteration of smectite to discrete illite and chlorite. Diagenesis of clay assemblages occurred essentially in a closed system. Solute products of glass hydrolysis reactions were retained in highly alkaline, saline ground waters from which zeolites, carbonates and oxides precipitated as cements. It is unlikely that these sediments were ever significantly leached by meteoric waters or by organic acids generated during burial diagenesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Root‐related rhodochrosite and concretionary siderite formation in oxygen‐deficient conditions induced by a ground‐water table rise

Sedimentological, mineralogical, stable carbon and oxygen isotope determinations and biomarker analyses were performed on siderite concretions occurring in terrestrial silts to understand their formation and to characterize the sedimentary and diagenetic conditions favouring their growth. High δ¹³C values (6·4‰ on average) indicate that siderite precipitated in an anoxic environment where bacterial methanogenesis operated. The development of anoxic conditions during shallow burial was induced by a change in sedimentary environment from flood plain to swamp, related to a rise of the ground‐water table. Large amounts of decaying plant debris led to efficient oxygen consumption within the pore‐water in the peat. Oxygen depletion, in combination with a decrease in sedimentation rate, promoted anoxic diagenetic conditions under the swamp and favoured abundant siderite precipitation. This shows how a change in sedimentary conditions can have a profound impact on the early‐diagenetic environment and carbonate authigenesis. The concretions contain numerous rhizoliths; they are cemented with calcium‐rhodochrosite, a feature which has not been reported before. The rhodochrosite cement has negative δ¹³C values (?16·5‰ on average) and precipitated in suboxic conditions due to microbial degradation of roots coupled to manganese reduction. The exceptional preservation of the epidermis/exodermis and xylem vessels of former root tissues indicates that the rhodochrosite formed shortly after the death of a root in water‐logged sediments. Rhodochrosite precipitated during the initial stages of concretionary growth in suboxic microenvironments within roots, while siderite cementation occurred simultaneously around them in anoxic conditions. These suboxic microenvironments developed because oxygen was transported from the overlying oxygenated soil into sediments saturated with anoxic water via roots acting as permeable conduits. This model explains how separate generations of carbonate cements having different mineralogy and isotopic compositions, which would conventionally be regarded as cements precipitated sequentially in different diagenetic zones during gradual burial, can form simultaneously in shallow burial settings where strong redox gradients exist around vertically oriented permeable root structures.     

The Ordovician chondrite from Brunflo, central Sweden: III. Geochemistry of terrestrial alteration

The fossil H chondrite Brunflo, found in a slab of Ordovician limestone from central Sweden, is pervasively altered to an assemblage dominated by calcite and barite. The meteorite is surrounded by a 15–20 cm wide zone of lighter colors than the unaffected limestone due to dissolution of hematite. Here we present detailed geochemical analyses of two meteorite samples, 14 limestone samples at distances from 0 to 29 cm along two profiles from the meteorite, and a reference sample of Brunflo limestone. Element concentrations in Brunflo and surrounding bleached limestone have been strongly disturbed during two stages of alteration (early oxygenated and deep burial). In the meteorite, the Ni/Co ratio has changed from an initial value of 20 to 0.8 and redox sensitive elements like V, As, Mo, Re and U are strongly enriched. The sulfur isotope composition of barite from Brunflo (δ³⁴S=+35‰) indicates initial loss of meteoritic sulfide, followed by later accumulation of sea water sulfate as barite. During deep burial under more reducing conditions, reduction processes supported by an externally derived reductant possibly derived from alum shale underlying the limestone, were largely responsible for the observed redox phenomena. In spite of massive redistribution of many elements, concentrations of Pt, Ir and Au remain at chondritic levels. The geochemistry and mineralogy of alteration determined for Brunflo are similar to those in “reduction spots” in red beds, where accumulation of a similar suite of elements (except Mo, Re) occurred as a result of isolated reduction activity.     

软弱破碎围岩变形特性

本文在连续十余年原位监测试验资料的基础上,描述了全断面开挖的软弱围岩变形u-t全过程曲线;阐明了不同变形阶段的变形速率、变形量以及这些变形的时空效应;探讨了岩体工程地质特性、埋深、洞径、开挖方式和支护及时性等主要因素对围岩变形特性的影响;并针对具体工程提出了围岩稳定性状态划分及其判别标准、失稳险情预报原则、变形控制标准与初期支护抗力的确定原则、后期支护最佳施作时期的选择以及合理开挖方式。     

Zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies in south central Puerto Rico

The intermediate lavas and pyroclastic rocks of south central Puerto Rico have been subjected to about four kilometers of burial. Despite shallow burial the mineralogy of these rocks has systematically readjusted. The degree of metamorphism is proportional to permeability; secondary phases appear in greater quantities in porous pyroclastics. In lavas, plagioclase and olivine phenoerysts contain a progressive sequence of alteration phases reflecting temperature and pressure conditions during alteration. The generalized sequence of appearance of secondary phases from low to high rank is as follows: 1. analcime, celadonite, chlorite, and sericite; 2. laumontite and albite; 3. prehnite; 4. pumpellyite; 5. epidote; 6. actinolite. Assemblages containing analcime, heulandite, celadonite, and laumontite belong to the zeolite facies. Remaining assemblages belong to the prehnite-pumpellyite facies.During alteration two major thresholds were crossed. First, calcium-aluminum silicates formed from materials released by decomposition of calcium feldspar. Second, clinopyroxene was decomposed in a process that added considerable mafic material to the reacting system, and made bulk rock compositions approximately equivalent to the composition of the reacting system. Comparison with other regions of similar metamorphic rank and composition indicates that zonation of such sequences on the basis of individual mineral occurrences, especially epidote, is justified only for local regions where the behavior of volatiles was uniform.Based on part of a dissertation (Jolly, 1969) presented to the faculty of the Department of Geology, State University of New York at Binghamton.     

基坑开挖引起的旁侧盾构隧道横向受力变化研究

为研究运营盾构隧道附近基坑开挖对隧道管片受力的影响,针对基坑开挖引起旁侧盾构隧道围压变化的机制进行了分析,提出了一种能描述隧道受力-位移-再平衡过程的附加围压重分布模型,并推导出附加围压的计算公式。采用修正惯用法计算相应围压作用下的衬砌内力。根据实际工程做算例分析,研究基坑开挖对盾构隧道围压和内力的影响,并进行影响因素分析。分析结果表明：基坑开挖前隧道围压呈“钟形”分布;当基坑开挖后,隧道两侧的围压减小,基坑开挖侧的围压减小量更多;基坑开挖会使旁侧隧道正负弯矩值和正负剪力值增大,拱顶和拱底的轴力减小;随着基坑侧壁应力释放系数的增大,附加围压和附加弯矩的绝对值都会增加,而弯矩对基坑开挖卸载的响应更为明显;埋深较浅的盾构隧道对旁侧基坑开挖的影响更敏感,埋深较大的隧道,尤其是埋深大于基坑开挖深度的隧道,对旁侧基坑开挖影响的敏感度会明显降低;随着基坑与旁侧隧道净距的增加,基坑开挖对隧道的影响也会减小。