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X射线衍射全谱拟合法快速分析长石矿物含量 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
长石中矿物的含量需要根据化学分析结果计算获得,分析流程长、计算复杂,而光学显微镜测定长石含量易受切片位置的影响。本文利用High Score软件对长石样品进行X射线衍射全谱拟合分析,能有效降低衍射峰重叠影响,修正择优取向造成的衍射强度误差,方法的准确度优于参比法(RIR法);样品定量分析结果与绝热法结果接近,相对偏差小于1.69%;与化学分析结果换算的矿物含量比较,绝对误差小于5%,满足了DZ/T 0130—2006所规定的绝对误差允许限。采用钾长石国家一级标准物质进行验证,主要矿物成分的分析误差小于1.34%,与钾长石化学成分标准值相比,绝对误差均小于1%。对长石物相进行定量分析的结果表明:X射线衍射全谱拟合法操作简单,分析质量能够满足相关标准对衍射分析的要求,用于地质实验中岩石矿物物相含量分析是可行的。 相似文献
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变粒岩的鉴定通常以显微镜鉴定技术为主,但在显微镜下区分颗粒细小的长石、石英及绿泥石、蒙脱石、云母等层状硅酸盐矿物十分困难,仅通过显微鉴定技术对变粒岩进行定名可能产生较大误差,这对地质填图和原岩恢复工作会造成一些偏差,导致得出错误的地质结论。随着X射线衍射分析技术的发展,该技术已广泛应用于矿物学和岩石学的研究,本研究将结合X射线粉晶衍射技术,对显微镜下难以区分的细小矿物进行鉴定。共选用23件变粒岩样品,利用X射线粉晶衍射分析和显微镜岩石薄片鉴定技术,对变粒岩矿物组分进行检测,用X射线粉晶衍射矿物半定量分析结果验证岩石薄片鉴定结果准确性。显微镜岩石薄片鉴定结果与X射线粉晶衍射物相分析结果对比显示,10件样品定名一致,其余13件样品详细定名有差异。通过分析产生差异的原因,可以认为显微镜岩石薄片鉴定优势在于能确定岩石结构和构造,以及常见矿物组分;X射线粉晶衍射法的优势在于能检测出显微镜下较难区分的细小石英和长石颗粒的相对含量,并能检测出颗粒较小的绿泥石、蒙脱石及云母等层状硅酸盐矿物,该方法对含量较少、颗粒较细的矿物检测效果较好。实验证明将显微岩石薄片鉴定技术和X射线粉晶衍射技术相结合,才能更准确对变粒岩进行定名,为地学研究提供更符合客观实际的技术数据和分析结论。 相似文献
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X-射线衍射分析仪X—Ray Diffractomer(XRD)是西安地质调查中心实验测试中心于2008年新引进的一台日本理学生产的X-射线衍射仪。X-射线衍射分析仪利用衍射原理,精确测定物质的晶体结构、织构及应力,精确的进行物相分析、定性分析和定量分析。广泛应用于冶金、石油、化工、科研、 相似文献
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Folco Giacomini Vittorio Boerio Simona Polattini Massimo Tiepolo Riccardo Tribuzio Alberto Zanetti 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(8):1621-1639
This work is part of the project study for a road tunnel bypassing the town of Genova and was aimed at evaluating the amount of asbestos fibres in the metaophiolites belonging to the Voltri Group and the Sestri–Voltaggio Zone (Liguria, Northern Italy). The 85 studied rock samples (mainly mafic and ultramafic rocks) derive from exposed outcrops and prospecting boreholes. The study of field relations and petrographic/microtextural investigations under the optical microscope allowed for the identification and characterisation of asbestos-bearing settings and lithotypes. Mineralogy and concentration of asbestos fibres in powdered specimens were determined by means of a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy device. These investigations were combined with petrography on thin-section, X-ray diffraction analysis and phase contrast optical microscopy on rock powders. Mafic and ultramafic rocks commonly contain asbestos in concentrations below 1,000 mg/kg (considered as the contamination threshold under Italian law). However, the fibre concentration rises abruptly within localised zones, where the metaophiolite sequences were involved into late ductile to brittle tectono-metamorphic events. Two groups of asbestos-bearing settings have been so far identified in the area: (a) fracture networks within serpentinites (dominated by fibrous chrysotile), and (b) boudins of chlorite-tremolite schists, likely deriving from dynamic recrystallisation of mafic rocks under greenschist facies conditions (dominated by fibrous amphibole). Even considering the low volumetric incidence of these settings (metres to few tens of metres), their high asbestos content locally controls the total fibre amount in the excavation products, thus requiring special prevention measures during excavation, management and final storage of the contaminated debris. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔煤田煤中超常富集勃姆石的发现 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)和光学显微镜等技术,首次在鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔矿区6号巨厚煤层中发现了超常富集的勃姆石及其特殊的矿物组合,勃姆石含量可高达13.1%,与勃姆石伴生的矿物有磷锶铝石、锆石、金红石、菱铁矿、方铅矿、硒铅矿和硒方铅矿。重矿物的组合特征与华北地区本溪组铝土矿中的重矿物组合特征相似,高含量的勃姆石主要来源于聚煤盆地北偏东方向本溪组风化壳铝土矿,三水铝石以胶体溶液的形式从铝土矿中被短距离带入泥炭沼泽中,在泥炭聚积阶段和成岩作用早期经压实作用脱水凝聚而形成勃姆石。 相似文献
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Basal plates of natural beryls were studied by optical microscope, X-ray topography, and electron microprobe analysis. Optical anomalies were found to depend on growth history and on variation of impurity content: in particular optical axial plane orientations and 2V values were found to depend on minor element concentration differences in growth sectors. Knowledge of growth history of minerals can now make possible the differentiation between primary and secondary optical anomalies. 相似文献
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玄武岩的鉴定通常采用显微镜镜下判定,鉴定结果容易受到鉴定人员的专业水平和主观因素、切片方位的影响,光性特征有差异,再者颗粒细小的矿物还受到光学显微镜本身放大倍数的限制也很难准确鉴定。当前的鉴定方法已由传统的显微镜向现代分析仪器(X射线衍射仪、电子探针、X射线荧光光谱仪等)综合研究方向发展。本文采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)和显微镜镜下观测相结合的方法,对安徽女山玄武岩(未经蚀变)和团山玄武岩(经过蚀变)进行鉴定,并采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和电子探针对鉴定结果进行验证。结果表明:女山玄武岩用显微镜鉴定主要由基质(74%,斜长石44%+辉石30%)和斑晶(13%)组成,还含有少量金属矿物(8%)及较大颗粒石英捕掳晶(5%);其中,基质部分的斜长石经XRD分析可进一步确定为拉长石,辉石主要为普通辉石(单斜辉石),少量金属矿物为钛铁矿。团山玄武岩用显微镜鉴定主要由基质(75%,斜长石50%+辉石25%)和斑晶(9%)组成,还含有少量绿泥石充填的杏仁体;其中,基质部分的斜长石经XRD分析可进一步确定为微斜长石,蚀变矿物为蒙脱石而非薄片鉴定中的绿泥石。综合XRD和相关技术鉴定结果可确定,女山玄武岩主要矿物为拉长石、辉石、钛铁矿;团山玄武岩主要矿物为微斜长石、辉石、蒙脱石。研究显示,单独的显微鉴定技术在含蚀变矿物的玄武岩鉴定中会产生较大偏差,而结合XRD等多种分析测定技术可以快速鉴定出矿物种类,尤其对颗粒较小的矿物鉴定的准确度更高。 相似文献
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Demantoid is a rare gem mineral. The Xinjiang Cr-bearing demantoid reported in this paper has been discovered for the first time in China. It contains more than 90% end-member molecule of andradite, close to the pure end-member composition, as revealed by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry and both infrared and optical absorption spectrometry. The Fe2+ content lies beyond the detection limit of Mössbauer spectrometry. It was found that the green color of demantoid is directly related geological occurrence and mineral association the genesis of demantoid is inferred as follows. In ultramafic to Fe3+ in the octahedral site and that the presence of Cr3+ greatly enhances its inferred as follows. In ultramafic rocks olivine and pyroxene were replaced by serpentine under the reaction of residual volatiles, creating an Fe-rich and Al-poor environment. In such an environment late-stage hydrothermal metasomatism was developed along the fissures of serpentine, resulting in the crystallization and precipitation of demantoid in asbestos veins. On the other hand, local tectonic compression and dislocation gave rise to the formation of demantoid aggregates cemented by serpentine asbestos. Evidence has shown that the trace Cr was derived from chromite and Cr-spinel in the ultramafic rock bodies. 相似文献
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X射线粉晶衍射仪在大理岩鉴定与分类中的应用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
大理岩主要有方解石大理岩、白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩三种。以往大理岩是依据偏光显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名,由于方解石、白云石、菱镁矿都属于三方晶系,具有闪突起、高级白干涉色、一轴晶负光性和菱形解理等相同晶体光学特征,偏光显微镜下区分十分困难。为了准确鉴定大理岩中碳酸盐矿物种类及其相对含量,本文利用岩石薄片偏光显微镜和X射线粉晶衍射技术对32件大理岩岩石样品进行分析测试。岩石薄片鉴定结果表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、白云母、黑云母、绿泥石、黏土和金属矿物。根据岩石结构构造及矿物组分特征,可把32件大理岩样品划分为方解石大理岩、长英质方解石大理岩、石英绿泥白云石大理岩、白云石大理岩、云英质白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩等15个类型。X射线粉晶衍射分析表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、钾长石、云母、绿泥石、滑石和蒙脱石。综合分析认为:岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定技术很难区分方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物,以及细小的石英、钾长石和斜长石、滑石和白云母等鳞片状硅酸盐矿物;X射线粉晶衍射分析技术不仅能准确检测出大理岩中方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物种类及相对含量(方解石、白云石和菱镁矿的X射线衍射主峰有明显差异,d值分别为0.303 nm、0.288 nm和0.274 nm),而且能够有效鉴别岩石中粉砂级斜长石、钾长石与石英(三种矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为0.319 nm、0.324 nm、0.334 nm);且能区分蒙脱石、绿泥石、云母和滑石等层状硅酸盐矿物(四种硅酸盐矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为1.400 nm、0.705 nm、0.989 nm、0.938 nm)。综合岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射分析结果,最终确定32件大理岩样品划分为22个岩石类型。研究认为:仅根据岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定或X射线粉晶衍射技术其中一种方法不能准确鉴定大理岩岩石,应将大理岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术结合起来,才能准确确定大理岩岩石类型。 相似文献