新形势下地质工作服务领域和方式的若干思考

中国93％的一次性能源，80％以上的工业原料，70％以上的农业生产资料都来自矿产资源，而绝大多数的矿产资源属于不可再生的耗竭性资源，科学合理地开发利用矿产资源，直接关系到现代化建设的物质基础和国家的经济安全，以及中国经济社会的可持续发展。较长一段时间以来，围绕推进经济增长方式转变和实施可持续发展战略，矿产资源的可持续发展问题引起了越来越多的关注和重视。     

矿产资源资本化

一、我国矿产资源开发利用中存在的问题 1.矿产资源开发中采选回收率和综合利用水平低,造成资源严重浪费 据有关部门在1986年对全国3498个矿山进行统计,采矿回收率铁矿为67％、有色金属矿为50％～60％、非金属矿为20％～60％、煤矿为40％(个体煤矿只有10％～20％),总回收率仅为30％左右,与世界水平相比,低20％以     

加强基础性地质工作创新意识是关键

近些年来，我国地质工作，特别是基础性和公益性地质工作有所削弱。但是，矿产资源和地质找矿工作却在国民经济发展中起着十分重要的作用。据统计，我国90％左右的能源、80％以上的工业原材料、70％以上的农业生产资料和30％以上的生活用水来自矿产资源，支撑了70％以上的国民经济总量及相关部门的运转。随着我国经济的快速发展，国内主要矿产资源产量增长赶不上需求增长，     

我国主要矿产资源及矿产品供需形势分析与对策建议

矿产资源是不可再生的耗竭性资源，是国家的宝贵财富，是国家综合实力的重要标志。我国95％以上的能源、80％以上的工业原材料和70％以上的农业生产资料来源于矿产资源，30％以上的农业用水和饮用水均来自地下水。近年来，矿产品及相关能源与原材料产品的产值已接近工业生产总产值的1／3。可见，矿产资源是“工业粮食”和“工业血液”，是实现国民经济可持续发展和国家经济安全运行的重要保证。     

我国矿产资源勘查开发潜力大

国务院新闻办公室于2003年12月23日发表的《中国的矿产资源政策》白皮书指出熏中国主要依靠开发本国的矿产资源和其它自然资源来发展经济。在全面建设小康社会的过程中熏将首先立足于提高国内矿产资源的供应能力。白皮书说熏中国矿产资源勘查开发的潜力还相当大。在全国已发现的20多万处矿点、矿化点中熏目前仅对2万多处做出了勘查评价。二十世纪八十年代以来熏发现矿化异常7.20万处熏检查异常2.50万处熏发现矿床217个。其余未检查异常有着良好的找矿前景。西部广大地区、东部地区深部地带和管辖海域的地质工作程度不高熏还存在大量的空白区…     

几内亚矿产开发现状及矿业投资展望

几内亚矿产资源丰富,铝土矿储量居世界首位,拥有宁巴山和西芒杜两座世界级铁矿床,石墨、金、金刚石等矿产资源也较丰富。矿业在其国民经济中占有十分重要的地位,丰富的资源吸引了力拓、俄罗斯铝业等国际大型矿业公司和赢联盟、中国铝业集团、中国河南国际等中资矿企在几内亚从事矿业开发。中几两国友好交往源远流长,经济互利合作不断发展。中国是几内亚第一大铝土矿出口国,同时也是几内亚第二大进口来源国,据商务部统计,2019年我与几内亚双边贸易额同比增长17.6%。本文系统梳理了几内亚的地质概况、主要矿产资源、勘查开发现状,认为几内亚丰富的矿产资源与我国具有良好的资源互补性。双方矿业合作互利共赢,随着政府及企业在基础设施建设的投资不断增加,几内亚矿业投资前景良好,有望成为中国海外矿业新基地。     

辽宁硼矿资源合理利用与保护的规划政策建议

硼矿是我国的重要的优势矿产资源,辽宁省硼矿资源与开发规模均居全国之首,在国内外硼矿资源市场中发挥着重要作用并具有较大影响。 一、资源形势 1.世界硼矿资源分布不均匀,73％的储量和70％     

国务院新闻办公室发表《中国的矿产资源政策》白皮书

中国矿业在线消息，国务院新闻办公室2003年12月23日发表《中国的矿产资源政策》白皮书，指出中国将主要依靠开发本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要，强调中国高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，并将扩大矿产资源勘查开发的对外开放与合作。     

河南省深部找矿工作初探

据调查,我国现有的150多座大型矿山大部分已进入中晚开采期,有些矿山将在近年相继闭坑或转产。预计到2010年占矿产品供应绝对优势的大型矿山将消失50％以上,到2020年将消失80％,其中金属矿山占绝大部分。但随着经济社会的快速发展,对矿产资源的需求不断加大,资源供需矛盾日益突出,资源瓶颈凸显,迫切需要取得重大找矿新突破,     

创新机制 应收尽收——禹州市国土资源局全力做好矿产资源补偿费征收工作的调查

2009年,禹州市国土资源局克服金融危机对资源市场造成巨大冲击等种种困难,结合当地实际,创新机制,强化措施,创造性地开展矿产资源补偿费征收工作,推动矿产资源补偿费征收管理工作不断跃上新台阶。截至11月底,该局累计征收资源补偿费3441万元,其中乡镇煤矿征收额较去年同期增长50％以上。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.