龙门山断裂带中北段的地壳电性结构及其动力学模型

2012年在四川龙门山断裂带的茂县—绵竹段进行了点距约3km、横跨断裂带的大地电磁探测,精细处理并反演获得长70km,深50km的2维电性剖面。通过与同位置的反射地震资料对比进行综合解释,刻画出龙门山断裂带中北段的地壳结构:1)四川盆地上覆地层为低阻,电性结构稳定并叠置于坚固的扬子中下地壳之上;龙门山3条主断裂均表现为低阻—中低阻,其构造形态都沿NW向倾斜,并由陡变缓向下延伸,浅部最陡处60°,深部最缓处30°。2)龙门山断裂带上地壳整体逆冲推覆于扬子板块的刚性基底之上,不仅形成由陡趋缓的3条主断裂,而且多期次的地震活动造成隐伏次级断裂发育;映秀-北川断裂之下具有明显NW倾斜且陡立的电性梯度带,2008年汶川地震余震在该区域内集中分布,其中安县-灌县断裂下盘发育大型隐伏的基底断裂,可能为发震断裂,地震能量沿隐伏次级断裂向上传递导致映秀-北川断裂遭破坏最为严重。3)青藏高原东缘的中下地壳下插,使高阻的扬子中下地壳嵌于龙门山逆冲推覆带和青藏高原东缘中下地壳之间,形成"鳄鱼口"样式的构造格架。龙门山的隆升是由上地壳的逆冲推覆脆性变形和中下地壳的壳内高导物质流的韧性变形共同作用的结果。同时提出,由于中下地壳物质流在龙门山不仅受阻于刚性的扬子块体,而且下插于扬子板块上地幔,形成一种可能的类似"传送带"的动力模式,带动了其上盘发生持续的逆冲推覆脆性变形。     

龙门山构造带壳幔电性结构特征及其与汶川、芦山强震关系

青藏高原东缘龙门山构造带是研究青藏高原地壳物质向东侧向挤出的焦点地区.为探索龙门山构造带活动构造特征及其与发震构造的关系,本文通过布置垂直龙门山构造带南段芦山地震震源区的大地电磁测深剖面,运用多种数据处理手段,得到研究区可靠的电性结构,并通过与已有龙门山中段和北段剖面进行对比分析.研究表明：（1）青藏高原东缘岩石圈存在明显的低阻异常带——松潘岩石圈低阻带,该低阻异常带沿龙日坝断裂—岷山断裂—龙门山后山断裂分布,形成松潘—甘孜地块向扬子地块俯冲的深部动力学模式,通过统计研究区的历史强震,发现震源主要沿低阻异常带东侧分布,同时,低阻异常带也是低速度、低密度异常带,松潘岩石圈低阻带可能是扬子地块的西缘边界;（2）青藏高原物质东移过程中,受到克拉通型四川盆地的强烈阻挡,龙门山构造带表层岩块和物质发生仰冲推覆,表现为逆冲推覆特征的薄皮构造,中下地壳和上地幔顶部物质向龙门山构造带岩石圈深部俯冲,印支运动晚期,扬子古板块持续向华北板块俯冲,在上述构造运动作用下,呈现出刚性的上扬子地块西缘高阻楔形体向西插入柔性青藏块体的楔状构造;（3）根据电性结构推断,芦山地震受到深部上里隐伏壳幔韧性剪切带向上扩展的影响,构成芦山地震的深部主要动力来源;汶川地震的发生,在龙门山南段形成应力加载区,是触发或加快芦山地震孕育发生的另一个动力来源.

     

青藏高原东缘甘孜断裂带地壳电性结构与孕震构造

位于青藏高原东缘的甘孜断裂带是一条晚第四纪强烈活动的左旋走滑断裂,与强震的发生有密切关系,它与鲜水河断裂带共同构成川滇地块与巴颜喀拉地块的边界.本研究横跨甘孜断裂带布设一条宽频大地电磁测深剖面,该剖面始于川滇地块,终止于巴颜喀拉地块.本文首先利用阻抗张量方法定性分析了研究区地壳结构的构造维性和电性主轴,然后利用二维各向异性和三维各向同性反演方法获得了可靠的地壳电性结构.结果显示川滇地块和鲜水河断裂带上地壳的各向异性方向沿着断裂带的走向,而甘孜断裂带下地壳的各向异性方向则垂直于断裂带的走向,表明研究区上地壳和下地壳存在解耦变形;甘孜断裂带两侧的电性结构存在显著差异;研究区上地壳的花岗岩体呈显著的高电阻率特征,上地壳的低阻异常主要是由含盐流体聚集导致的,而下地壳的低阻异常则主要由部分熔融体和流体共同构成.综合分析推断：地壳内的流体沿断裂带向下运移,增大了孔隙压力,降低了断裂的正应力,从而加速了地震成核过程;在上下地壳解耦变形的构造环境下,下地壳的运动拖曳作用致使应力在上地壳内更易于积累,从而导致地震的发生.

     

龙门山断裂带地壳密度结构

研究龙门山及邻区地壳密度结构对于认识该地区地震活动性具有重要意义.根据龙门山及邻区( 100°～105°E,28°～33°N)的布格重力异常资料,选取了跨越龙门山断裂带的6条重力测线,在深地震测深资料约束下,使用Geosoft软件分别反演出了龙门山地区地下的沉积层、康拉德界面和莫霍面的深度分布.研究结果表明:龙门山断裂带两侧的地壳结构明显不同,西面高原地区沉积层较薄,大部分为基岩出露;而东边盆地沉积层明显较厚,多在6km以上.莫霍面和康拉德面在两侧均相对平缓,康拉德面从东部的大约24km增加到青藏高原山区的35km左右;莫霍面深度从东部盆地的大约42km增加到西部青藏高原的67km左右.龙门山断裂带整体表现为一条近SN向的陡变重力梯度带,并在其地壳内各界面均发生错断,莫霍面和康拉德面错断距离分别达6 ～ 7km和3～ 5km.该区地壳的这种陡变和不均匀性是导致地震活动性强烈的主要原因之一.     

芦山M_S7.0级地震与龙门山断裂带的活动性

2013年4月20日四川省芦山县发生了MS7.0级强烈地震,该地震的发生与龙门山断裂带的活动有直接关系。通过研究龙门山断裂带及周边区域的形变监测资料,得出：龙门山断裂带的活动趋势取决于巴颜喀拉块体与四川盆地的相对运动,而其运动的主要动力来自青藏高原和上扬子克拉通地块的推挤。结合发震区域地质构造和地壳形变观测数据分析结果,论述此次地震与龙门山断裂带的活动关系,并提出未来5年重点监视区域。     

地壳流变结构控制作用下的龙门山断裂带地震发生机理

青藏高原东缘低地形变速率的龙门山断裂带上相继发生了2008汶川Mw7.9级地震和2013芦山Mw6.6级地震.地震勘探与震源定位结果揭示了龙门山区域地震空间分布特征：纵向上,龙门山断裂带这两次地震主震均发生在龙门山断裂带上地壳的底部（14~19 km）,绝大部分余震均发生在上地壳范围（5~25 km）,而在其中、下地壳深度范围内鲜见余震发生;横向上,地震（Mw>3）在龙门山断裂带青藏高原一侧密集分布且曾有大震发生,而四川盆地地震稀少（Mw>3）.为探讨龙门山断裂带地震发生机理,并解释以上龙门山区域地震空间分布特征,本文建立了龙门山断裂带西南段跨芦山地震震中区域的四种不同流变结构的龙门山断裂带三维岩石圈模型,以地表GPS观测资料为约束边界条件,数值模拟龙门山断裂带岩石圈在数千年以上长期匀速构造挤压作用下的应力积累特征,探讨了地壳分层流变性质对地壳应力积累的影响,分析了该区域地震空间分布与构造应力积累速率的关系.计算结果表明：该区域在数千年的应力积累过程中,脆性上地壳中应力表现近于恒定值的线性增长趋势,龙门山断裂带上地壳底部出现应力集中积累现象,这一应力集中现象可以解释龙门山断裂带汶川地震与芦山地震主震的发生,及其大部分余震在脆性上地壳中的触发;青藏高原一侧上地壳应力积累速率远远高于四川盆地的应力积累速率,这一应力积累分布现象可以解释龙门山区域青藏高原一侧地震密集而四川盆地地震稀少的地震空间分布特征;通过比较不同流变结构模型中的应力积累状态,认为导致这一应力积累空间分布状态的重要控制因素在于青藏高原中、下地壳较低的黏滞系数与四川盆地中、下地壳较高的黏滞系数的差异.在柔性的中、下地壳内,应力增长近于指数形式,稳定状态之后其应力增长速率近于零,构造应力积累难以达到岩石破裂强度,因而鲜见地震发生.地壳各层位的应力增长率差异与地震成层分布的现象共同揭示了龙门山区域岩石圈分层流变结构：脆性上地壳、韧性中、下地壳（青藏高原一侧较弱,四川盆地一侧较强）、韧性岩石圈上地幔.     

龙门山和安宁河断裂带周边地区的地壳三维P波速度结构

利用2008—2021年区域地震台网及部分流动地震台阵的近震走时观测资料,采用双差层析成像方法获得了龙门山断裂带和安宁河断裂带周边地区的高分辨率地壳三维P波速度结构。结果显示：四川盆地浅部呈明显的低速异常,在前陆盆地低速异常可一直延伸至约15 km深,推测与该地区接收大量来自青藏高原东缘的沉积物有关;在龙门山断裂带附近,中上地壳存在一些与断裂带平行的高速异常体,它们较好地揭示了该地区穹隆体和逆冲推覆体深浅部的分布特征,例如,位于龙门山断裂带中部的彭灌穹隆体下延深度可达15 km左右,而与之相邻的雪隆山穹隆体下延深度不超过5 km。在安宁河断裂带与大凉山断裂带之间存在震源深度超过20 km的微震活动带,其分布形态与P波高速异常的分布形态基本一致,推测高速异常体的存在可能导致地壳内部脆韧性转换带深度的增加,并且受安宁河与大凉山交会部位强烈变形的影响,该地区出现深度较大的地震活动。上述结果为认识该地区的深部地质构造和地震活动机制提供了新的依据。     

扇形边界条件下的龙门山壳幔电性结构特征

沿甘肃碌曲—四川龙门山—重庆合川布设了长周期大地电磁剖面,对龙门山及邻区进行了壳幔电性结构探测,采用更直观合理的扇形边界条件下的反演算法对长周期大地电磁资料进行二维反演.该剖面电性结果揭示了自北西向南东岩石圈深部的若尔盖壳幔高阻块体、松潘壳幔低阻带、龙门山壳幔高阻块体和川中壳幔高阻块体电性结构特征;龙门山逆冲推覆构造带下方的龙门山壳幔高阻体显示为向北西延伸的楔形构造,推断龙门山及松潘—甘孜地块由于受青藏高原东缘和上扬子地块双向挤压,松潘—甘孜地块地壳物质向龙门山逆冲推覆,中下地壳至上地幔向下向南东俯冲,呈现上扬子地块西缘壳幔高阻楔形体插入青藏高原东缘的态势;初步认为上扬子地块西缘深部以松潘壳幔韧性剪切带作为中新生代以来的边界.     

郯庐断裂带安丘、莒县电磁台 地壳电性结构研究

郯庐断裂带中段的沂沭断裂带发生过多次中强地震,其结构复杂,是地震研究者重点关注的区域。山东安丘和莒县电磁台都具有综合地电场和地磁场观测,两台分别位于沂沭断裂带内的安丘-莒县断裂和昌邑-大店断裂上。山东无棣电磁台位于郯庐断裂带西侧,属冀东-渤海断块,距安丘台230km,但此前未曾对该台站的地壳深部电性结构进行过探测研究。文中利用大地电磁测深方法(MT)对这3个电磁台站及其附近区域的探测数据进行研究,结果表明,3个台站的地壳电性结构有明显的差别,分别与台站区域地质构造及其地震活动性存在对应关系。在每个台站及其附近的4个测点分别得到优良的视电阻率和阻抗相位等数据,经过一维和二维反演,获得了3个台站的地壳深部电性结构,并可与直流对称四级电阻率测深法得到的近地表的电性结构进行对比。无棣台及其附近具有稳定地块的成层性地壳深部结构,而安丘和莒县电磁台分别具有复杂的地壳电性结构,呈现出活动地块边界带的结构特点。安丘台和莒县台附近区域可分别以安丘-莒县断裂和昌邑-大店断裂为界,将地壳电性结构分成2部分,在断裂西侧即郯庐断裂带内部的中下地壳低阻层更发育,昌邑-大店断裂西侧的低阻体可能含丰富的流体,在区域的地震孕育发展过程中起着重要作用。     

龙门山断裂带北段深部结构与反射地震特征

2008年5月12日汶川M_W7.9特大地震发生在龙门山断裂带,龙门山断裂带深部结构的复杂性制约了地震的破裂过程.通过对研究区区域地质、汶川地震前后采集的地震反射剖面等研究,在对龙门山北段汶川地震断裂带的深部结构和反射地震特征进行了分析的基础上,探讨了它对地表破裂过程的制约.研究结果表明,在地震剖面上,断裂带表现为能量破碎、联系性差;频率剖面上显示整体剖面频率在5~45 Hz,断裂带呈现频率低（15~26 Hz）等特征.龙门山北段映秀—北川断裂在10 km以上是一条倾向北西的高角度走滑兼逆冲性质的断裂,倾角50°~70°.它分割了西侧的轿子顶杂岩和东侧的唐王寨推覆体,错断了早期形成的逆冲岩片,从南到北总位移量由大变小.它高角度的几何形态约束了断裂以走滑为主兼逆冲分量的运动性质,降低了地表滑移量,影响了地震破裂过程以及余震沿断裂带两侧分布的特性.

     

USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake. In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces. The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline.     

地震活动时空演化中看到的龙门山断裂带地震孕育的几个现象

龙门山断裂带在先后5年中发生了2008年汶川M S8强震和2013芦山M S7强震。研究龙门山断裂的地震活动特点,分析地震发展形势成为人们关注的焦点。文中从龙门山断裂带40多年的地震时空演化出发探讨了汶川地震孕育过程中的几个现象:1)孕震范围远小于发震范围,说明在有限断层段上孕育的地震在快速失稳过程中可以连接和扩展成规模很大的失稳断层;2)汶川地震前孕震区小震密集,持续了8年以上,而无明显错动和变形,意味着汶川断层段可能经历了强烈的碎裂方式的挤压应变,在碎裂达到一定程度后失稳;3)为进一步了解震前主震区附近的变化,研究了紫坪铺水库专用台网记录的2004年以来主震附近区域的小震活动的时空过程。结果显示,震前主震附近区域的地震活动曾在2005年10月和2006年10月发生过2次沿断层走向的扩展,扩展时间恰巧与紫坪铺水库2次高水位相呼应。其中,2006年10月地震活动的扩展范围大,震级高。这对说明汶川地震最后的失稳过程十分重要。此外,文中还讨论了汶川地震的发生过程与断层几何相关以及芦山地震没有直接发生在汶川地震后,而是发生在多年后的可能原因。研究结果有助于认识逆断层型强震孕育过程。     

龙门山断裂带北段晚第四纪活动性讨论

在野外考察的基础上 ,结合所采集的各条断裂之上的覆盖物或断层带物质的热释光 (TL)或电子自旋共振 (ESR)样品年龄 ,对龙门山断裂带北段的晚第四纪活动性进行了分析 ,认为 :后山断裂在第四纪早 -中期曾有过活动 ,晚更新世以来已不再活动 ;中央断裂早更新世或前第四纪是活动的 ;前山断裂在白龙江以北变成一些小的、零星分布的断裂 ,它们在第四纪早期以前有过活动。而已有研究表明龙门山断裂带中段和西南段晚第四纪以来仍在活动。造成龙门山断裂带不同段落新活动时代不同的主要原因 ,可能是区域应力场的变化所导致的活动地块边界的变化。龙门山断裂带的北段现在已不构成活动块体的边界 ,加之岷山隆起对龙门山断裂带东北段的屏障作用 ,使得龙门山断裂带北段活动减弱。而龙门山推覆构造带中南段和岷山隆起构造带共同成为块体持续挤压作用的东界。这为研究青藏高原的运动学及动力学等问题提供了重要信息     

龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据

以龙门山断裂带北段中的青川断裂、茶坝-林庵寺断裂沿线的地质地貌为研究对象,在青川断裂沿线的土关铺、大安,茶坝-林庵寺断裂上的薛家沟、胡家坝等地,对断裂附近的河流地貌进行了详细的构造地貌制图。龙门山断裂带北段所在地区的河流一般发育5级阶地,T1阶地拔河高度3~5m,为全新世堆积阶地。T2阶地拔河高度10m左右,为晚更新世基座阶地。T3阶地拔河高度一般为30~35m,为晚更新世早期形成的基座阶地。T4阶地拔河高度60~70m,残留的阶地砾石层中花岗岩、砂岩砾石已经被强风化,只保留砾石的形态。T5阶地拔河高度为90m左右,阶地堆积物被剥蚀殆尽。青川断裂、茶坝-林庵寺断裂在河流的T4和T5阶地上形成宽30~180m的断层槽地,深度达8~20m,T4阶地砾石层底面落差达10~15m。T3阶地上不发育断层槽地,或断层两盘的T3阶地拔河高度一致,一些地段断层被T3阶地砾石层覆盖。因此认为,这两条断裂在T3阶地形成之前,T4阶地形成之后有过强烈的活动     

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.     

南北地震带北段速度结构与电阻率特性

建立了南北地震带北段下地壳部分熔融几何形状和分布的模型。熔融的几何分布和连通性由以下3个因素决定：①熔融的位置;②熔融所占总体积的比例;③固－固和固－液界面的最小自由能。熔融形状有薄版形、管道形和椭球包体形。用此模型计算出含有部分溶融岩石的体积、剪切弹性模量和电导率的一般表示式。选择参数并计算出南北地震带北段下地壳的Vp、Vs和电阻率ρs值,即在鄂尔多斯地台下地壳的速度为Vp ≈6.71km/s,Vs≈3.96km/s,电阻率为上百至几百欧姆米。而在祁连、秦岭褶皱系下地壳速率Vp约为6．4～6.6km/s,Vs约为3．72～3．89km/s,电阻率为几至几十欧姆米。数值模拟的结果与地球物理反演结果基本相符,并进行了定性的构造解释。用一个模型对下地壳中的速度特征与电性特性进行了联合数值模拟,说明了此模型在解释下地壳中的Vp、Vs和ρs的有效性。     

龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究

NE向展布于松潘-甘孜造山带与扬子陆块之间的龙门山断裂带,是由后山断裂等4条主干断裂及其控制的冲断构造岩片组成的具前展式发育特点的推覆构造带。它形成于印支运动,此后多次活动,第四纪以来活动强烈,但不同地段活动程度具有明显的非均一性。根据地貌、地质构造、布格重力异常和地震活动等资料的综合分析研究认为:1)以位于虎牙—北川—安县一线的近SN向虎牙断裂和擂东断裂为界划分出断裂带西南段和东北段,其活动性迥然不同,西南段晚更新世以来活动强烈,中小地震频繁;东北段第四纪活动微弱,仅偶有小震分布。2)在青藏高原被挤压隆升和块体侧向滑移的作用下,川青地块向SEE滑动,使它东缘发育的岷山隆起与被其截切的龙门山断裂带西南段一起构成了川青地块东部的活动边界,而龙门山断裂带东北段则被遗弃     

THE THREE DIMENSIONAL DENSITY STRUCTURE OF CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTHERN PART OF LONGMENSHAN

In recent years, strong earthquakes of M_S8.0 Wenchuan and M_S7.0 Lushan occurred in the central-southern part of Longmenshan fault zone. The distance between the two earthquakes is less than 80 kilometers. So if we can obtain the inner structure of the crust and upper mantle, it will benefit us to understand the mechanism of the two earthquakes. Based on the high resolution dataset of Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the initial model constrained by three-dimensional tomography results of P-wave velocity in Sichuan-Yunnan region, with the help of the preconditioned conjugate gradient(PCG)inversion method, we established the three dimensional density structure model of the crust and upper mantle of the central-southern segment of Longmenshan, the spatial interval of which is 10 kilometers along the horizontal direction and 5 kilometers along the depth which is limited to 0~65km, respectively. This model also provides a new geophysical model for studying the crustal structure of western Sichuan plateau and Sichuan Basin. The results show obvious differences in the crustal density structure on both sides(Songpan-Ganzê block and Sichuan Basin)of Longmenshan fault zone which is a boundary fault and controls the inner crustal structure. In Sichuan Basin, the sedimentary layer is represented as low density structure which is about 10km thick. In contrast, the upper crust of Songpan-Ganzê block shows a thinner sedimentary layer and higher density structure where bedrock is exposed. Furthermore, there is a wide scale low density layer in the middle crust of the Songpan-Ganzê block. Based on this, we inferred that the medium intensity of the Songpan-Ganzê block is significantly lower than that of Sichuan Basin. As a result, the eastward movement of material of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, blocked by the Sichuan Basin, is inevitably impacted, resulting in compressional deformation and uplift, forming the Longmenshan thrust-nappe tectonic belt at the same time. The result also presents that the crustal structure has a distinct segmental feature along the Longmenshan fault zone, which is characterized by obviously discontinuous changes in crustal density. Moreover, a lot of high- and low-density structures appear around the epicenters of Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes. Combining with the projection of the precise locating earthquake results, it is found that Longmenshan fault zone in the upper crust shows obvious segmentation, both Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake occurred in the high density side of the density gradient zone. Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks are mainly distributed in the west of central Longmenshan fault zone. In the south of Maoxian-Beichuan, its aftershocks occurred in high density area and the majority of them are thrust earthquake. In the north of Maoxian-Beichuan, its aftershocks occurred in the low density area and the majority of them are strike-slip earthquake. The Lushan earthquake and its aftershocks are concentrated near the gradient zone of crustal density and tend to the side of the high density zone. The aftershocks of Lushan earthquake ended at the edge of low-density zone which is in EW direction in the north Baoxing. The leading edge of Sichuan Basin, which has high density in the lower crust, expands toward the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with the increase of depth, and is close to the west of the Longmenshan fault zone at the top of upper mantle. Our results show that there are a lot of low density bodies in the middle and lower crust of Songpan-Ganzê Block. With the increase of the depth, the low density bodies are moving to the south and its direction changed. This phenomenon shows that the depth and surface structure of Songpan-Ganzê Block are not consistent, suggesting that the crust and upper mantle are decoupled. Although a certain scale of low-density bodies are distributed in the middle and lower crust of Songpan-Ganzê, their connectivity is poor. There are some low-density anomalies in the floor plan. It is hard to give clear evidence to prove whether the lower crust flow exists.