横向非均匀介质中弹性地震波传播的数值模拟

应用混合变量弹性动力学方程和线性常微分方程组的矩阵指数解法，将层状介质中广泛应用的弹性波传播矩阵解法推广至横向非均匀介质，给出了一种可计算复杂地质体中弹性波传播的广义传播矩阵数值解法。该方法可模拟任意震源及所产生的各种体波、面波，数值结果表明具有很高的计算精度。     

地震波散射理论及应用研究综述

回顾了地震波散射的概念、研究历史及分类.对散射理论及应用研究成果进行了系统评述，特别对前人关于散射波数值模拟和应用研究的不足进行了总结：(1)观测系统设计不合理；(2)对散射波的特征研究缺乏系统性；(3)对复杂散射波场的识别方法没有进行系统研究；(4)适合散射成像的处理软件还有待开发.并介绍了作者关于地震散射波场特征数值模拟研究的初步成果.     

介质非均匀性参数对散射波包络的影响

本文以von Kármán型随机介质为非均匀介质模型,通过数值计算并结合实际观测资料对比分析介质非均匀性参数对散射波包络宽度的影响.结果表明散射波传播距离、频率、介质粗糙程度及介质非均匀体尺度因子的变化均可引起散射波包络的展宽,但散射波传播距离、散射波频率对散射波包络宽度的影响只是表象,而造成散射波包络变宽的根源则是介质粗糙程度及与非均匀体尺度因子;随着介质粗糙程度的增大,介质非均匀体尺度因子对散射波包络宽度的贡献速率增大.     

介质非均匀性参数对散射波包络的影响

地球内部不同尺度的非均匀体会引起高频地震波的散射,这些散射携带了大量关于地球内部介质非均匀精细结构的信息,可通过研究地震波散射信息来获取地球内部介质结构非均匀性.非均匀介质速度微扰动是造成地震波散射的最主要起因,也是引起地震波尾波和散射波包络展宽的主要因素.     

地震波反演方法研究的某些进展及其数学基础

以地震波反演为背景，对非线性反演问题的某些最新进展做了系统的分析和介绍，着重对地震波反演理论中一些主要方法发展过程中的数学、物理的基本理论和基本假设做了分析、讨论和总结，而非面面俱到的阐述地震波反演理论本身的发展状况，在此基础上，讨论了地震波反演问题的数学研究基础和所面临的问题及假设应注意的方面，并对较强烈地下介质物性异常所造成的非弱散射的反演问题做了分析和展望。     

地震学百科知识(十二)——地震波散射

正广义地说,由地球介质的任何三维非均匀性引起的地震波场畸变均可称为地震波散射。不过,通常地震波散射是指由地球小尺度(与波长相比)非均匀性引起的、不适合用射线理论(几何射线)研究的地震波场畸变现象。例如,波场传播方向的偏折和分裂,P波和S波的相互转换,地震尾波的产生,地震波的走时和振幅横跨观测台阵的随机起伏变化等。1地球介质的不均匀性及地震波散射随着对地球结构认识的深入,经典的球     

地震波散射非线性反演的不动点理论研究

本文的工作聚焦于构造一种新的地震波散射非线性反演方法.文中将不动点理论引入到地震波散射非线性反演中,并具体的构造出了波的相空间里的一系列关于速度参数具体的压缩映射算子,从而从理论上保证了速度参数不动点的存在性和寻找途径.在此基础上文中还证明了利用此速度参数的不动点和正演所得到的相应的波的值也是波函数本身的不动点,并利用不动点的稳定属性得出此不动点是一个全局最优的点.     

Seismic wave scattering inversion for fluid factor of heterogeneous media

Elastic wave inverse scattering theory plays an important role in parameters estimation of heterogeneous media. Combining inverse scattering theory, perturbation theory and stationary phase approximation, we derive the P-wave seismic scattering coefficient equation in terms of fluid factor, shear modulus and density of background homogeneous media and perturbation media. With this equation as forward solver, a pre-stack seismic Bayesian inversion method is proposed to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media. In this method, Cauchy distribution is utilized to the ratios of fluid factors, shear moduli and densities of perturbation media and background homogeneous media, respectively. Gaussian distribution is utilized to the likelihood function. The introduction of constraints from initial smooth models enhances the stability of the estimation of model parameters. Model test and real data example demonstrate that the proposed method is able to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media from pre-stack seismic data directly and reasonably.     

复杂介质地震波传播的褶积微分算子数值模拟h

将佛尔塞（Forsyte）广义正交多项式微分算子地震波场正演模拟算法运用于复杂非均匀介质模型的波场数值模拟中,并比较了该方法在计算效率和计算精度方面与有限差分方法和伪谱法的差异. 数值结果表明,这种广义正交多项式微分算子法计算速度快、精度高,对计算资源需求低,是一种颇具潜力的数值模拟方法.      

Numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in complex media by convolutional differentiator

We apply the forward modeling algorithm constituted by the convolutional Forsyte polynomial differentiator pro-posed by former worker to seismic wave simulation of complex heterogeneous media and compare the efficiency and accuracy between this method and other seismic simulation methods such as finite difference and pseudospec-tral method. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the algorithm constituted by convolutional Forsyte polyno-mial differentiator has high efficiency and accuracy and needs less computational resources, so it is a numerical modeling method with much potential.     

The fractal nature of the inhomogeneities in the lithosphere evidenced from seismic wave scattering

In this paper we show evidences of the fractal nature of the 3-D inhomogeneities in the lithosphere from the study of seismic wave scattering and discuss the relation between the fractal dimension of the 3-D inhomogeneities and that of the fault surfaces. Two methods are introduced to measure the inhomogeneity spectrum of a random medium: 1. the coda excitation spectrum method, and 2. the method of measuring the frequency dependence of scattering attenuation. The fractal dimension can be obtained from the inhomogeneity spectrum of the medium. The coda excitation method is applied to the Hindu-Kush data. Based on the observed coda excitation spectra (for frequencies 1–25 Hz) and the past observations on the frequency dependence of scattering attenuation, we infer that the lithospheric inhomogeneities are multiple scaled and can be modeled as a bandlimited fractal random medium (BLFRM) with an outer scale of about 1 km. The fractal dimension of the 3-D inhomogeneities isD ₃=31/2–32/3, which corresponds to a scaling exponent (Hurst number)H=1/2–1/3. The corresponding 1-D inhomogeneity spectra obey the power law with a powerp=2H+1=2–5/3. The intersection between the earth surface and the isostrength surface of the 3-D inhomogeneities will have fractal dimensionD ₁=1.5–1.67. If we consider the earthquake fault surface as developed from the isosurface of the 3-D inhomogeneities and smoothed by the rupture dynamics, the fractal dimension of the fault trace on the surface must be smaller thanD ₁, in agreement with recent measurements of fractal dimension along the San Andreas fault.     

Elastic wave inverse scattering in nondestructive evaluation

Ultrasonic detection and characterization of flaws in metals and ceramics is of considerable technological interest. Scattering and inverse scattering theories have recently been applied to these tasks in a systematic manner and considerable progress has resulted. This paper first reviews briefly the development of scattering and inverse scattering methods in the AF/DARPA Program in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation.² Then one particular inverse method studied in that program, the inverse Born approximation, is discussed in detail. Progress is reviewed and the ability of the method to distinguish volumetric and crack-like flaws is demonstrated in simple cases.This work was sponsored by the Center for Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation, operated by the Ames Laboratory, USDOE, for the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories/Materials Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-82 with Iowa State University.     

A new kind of optimal second-order symplectic scheme for seismic wave simulations

Here we introduce generalized momentum and coordinate to transform seismic wave displacement equations into Hamiltonian system. We define the Lie operators associated with kinetic and potential energy, and construct a new kind of second order symplectic scheme, which is extremely suitable for high efficient and long-term seismic wave simulations. Three sets of optimal coefficients are obtained based on the principle of minimum truncation error. We investigate the stability conditions for elastic wave simulation in homogeneous media. These newly developed symplectic schemes are compared with common symplectic schemes to verify the high precision and efficiency in theory and numerical experiments. One of the schemes presented here is compared with the classical Newmark algorithm and third order symplectic scheme to test the long-term computational ability. The scheme gets the same synthetic surface seismic records and single channel record as third order symplectic scheme in the seismic modeling in the heterogeneous model.     

深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳溶洞型油气藏地震波场的理论研究

碳酸盐岩洞缝型油气藏是我国乃至世界的重要油气藏类型之一，属典型的复杂非均匀介质。其中，岩溶洞穴型油气藏是最容易发现的。为了解决这类储层的勘探开发及预测问题，需要从理论上对它们的地震波场进行研究。我们利用随机介质模型和非均匀介质弹性波动方程计算了不同高度和宽度的充满流体藏层的合成地震剖面。结果表明当绕射波偏移为珠子状的同相轴时即使远小于四分之一波长的溶洞在常规带宽的地震剖面上也是可分辨的，绕射波是溶洞高度和宽度的函数。我们引入一个宽度-振幅因子。可以用这个宽度-振幅因子从对无限宽溶洞计算的绕射波计算有限宽度的溶洞的绕射振幅。     

EDA介质中地震波的传播特征

对Christoffel公式进行Bond变换得到EDA介质的Christoffel方程,并由其非零解推导出EDA介质中视横波(qSV)、横波(SH)、视纵波(qP)的相速度、群速度、偏振向量(质点的振动方向)的三维计算公式.通过模型计算分析了具有水平对称轴的各向异性(HTI)介质和EDA介质中介质对称轴的极角和方位角对相速度、群速度及偏振向量的影响,对其随极角、方位角的变化特征进行了分析,并采用Matlab进行了数值计算,对其特征采用三维显示.通过取极角或方位角为零简化得到HTI介质和具有垂直对称轴的各向异性(VTI)介质中地震波的相速度、群速度,对EDA介质中的三维计算结果进行退化验证. 通过数值计算进一步验证了地震波相速度与EDA介质对称轴的相互关系. 结果表明,通过广角地震勘探可探明地下介质的裂隙走向及密度,从而确定灾害体产状.     

汤池一号井水震波与地震波的对比分析

水震波是地震波引起的井孔水位的振荡现象.利用同一地质单元内的水震波与地震面波资料进行对比研究,分析出水震波与地震波数据上的异同.同时运用地震波与水震波的数据异同,探求两者数据在应用方面的联系,以更好理解两者的对比关系,本课题估算出水位对含水层应力应变的响应"格值",通过对庐江地震台等井的井水位观测资料分析,结合白山数字...