新疆古生代构造—生物古地理

通过6幅图表达了新疆古生代板块的构造－生物古地理区系。早古生代，包括劳伦，波罗的、西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦4陆块的亚帕特斯古陆（Iapetusa)群，与由其余陆块构成的冈瓦纳古陆群隔原特提斯洋相对峙。石炭－二叠纪，欧美、安加拉、太平洋和冈瓦纳4古陆共存并立。西伯利亚和哈萨克斯担板块经历了早古生代亚伯特斯古陆、晚古生代安加拉古陆和早二叠世晚期以来欧亚大陆3个发展阶段。塔里木、中朝、华南－东南亚板块经历了早古生代冈瓦纳古陆、晚古生代太平洋古陆和早二叠世晚期以来欧亚大陆3个发展阶段。指出在中晚寒武世和晚奥陶世哈萨克斯坦板块靠近塔里木、中朝和华南－东南亚板块；在早古生代其余时期它接近西伯利亚板块。伊犁和托克逊－雅满苏地体是在中泥盆世之前裂解自塔里木板块，尔后在早二叠世晚期接近安加拉古陆。塔里木板块北东缘北山地区在早二叠世早期首先靠近安加拉古陆。塔里木与西伯利亚－哈萨克斯坦板块之间缝合时代大抵上和土耳其－中伊朗－冈底斯与华南－东南亚板块之间缝合时代一致。缝合事件发生在早二叠世早期，而相应的构造运动出现在早晚二叠世之交。     

新疆及周边古地磁研究与构造演化

新疆古地磁研究始于1979年,20年来通过对塔里木、准噶尔、昆仑山等地区的古地磁研究,获得了古生代—新生代塔里木板块、准噶尔板块和青藏板块古地磁极移曲线和古纬度资料。震旦纪以前塔里木板块尚未形成,晚震旦世在赤道附近各地块才联合成塔里木板块的主体部分。后经历了两次快速北移,一次快速南移。准噶尔板块早古生代为一个独立的微板块,在晚古生代与哈萨克斯坦板块联合成一体,组成了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块;塔里木板块震旦纪时还属冈瓦纳大陆的一个组成部分,早古生代逐渐脱离了冈瓦纳大陆,快速向北漂移,晚古生代早期与准噶尔板块首次在东部碰撞,成为劳亚大陆南缘的一个增生体。将介于劳亚大陆和冈瓦纳大陆之间的古陆体,称之谓华夏古陆群。晚古生代末—中生代早期,华夏古陆群先后增生到劳亚大陆南缘;早古生代早期古特提斯洋尚未形成,诸地块处于冈瓦纳大陆范围内,位于南半球的赤道附近。在中-晚志留世,这些地(板)块才快速向北漂移,由于洋扩张,形成了古特提斯洋,构成了三大陆块群夹两个大洋的古地理格局;二叠纪是特提斯构造演化关键时期,晚侏罗-早白垩世昆仑地块与柴达木地块和塔里木地块发生碰撞,联合成一体。早侏罗世早期柴达木地块等与塔里木地块发生碰撞联合,造成了古特提斯洋消亡。早侏罗世中期,开     

亚洲大地构造的演化

<正> 一、引言 最近作者用板块构造观点编制了一幅八百万分之一的亚洲大地构造图。从这幅图可以清楚地认识到亚洲地质构造比较复杂。它并非从古以来就是一个完整的大陆块,而是由于地壳长期以来分离聚合演化的结果。板块构造在地球上开始于什么时候,目前尚无定论。亚洲大地构造图的编制,主要是从显生宙初期开始的。     

扬子板块东南边缘海西-印支期边缘前陆盆地演化及南方大地构造问题

序言前陆盆地是由板块碰撞引起侧向挤压,进而形成冲断推覆体(thrust mass)加载于大陆边缘,使大陆地壳周缘前陆隆起(peripheral forebulge)形成的一种不对称盆地,它的一侧与发育周缘前陆隆起的克拉通大陆为邻,另一侧靠近冲断推覆体。靠近冲断推覆体侧的一端主要发育陆源碎屑沉积,而靠近克拉通大陆的一边则发育成为碳酸盐台地。由于碰撞后大陆岩石圈的持续俯冲,造成冲断推覆体跨过先前被动大陆边缘,进而向克拉通陆内迁移发展,致使碳酸盐台地最终全被陆源碎屑掩埋。最初,冲断推覆体位于海平面之下,随着冲断推覆体叠加而成山链,加载于大陆边缘薄的外部地壳之上,沿缝合线形成一个深而狭长的边缘海槽地,接受陆源泥和深海沉积物沉     

新疆柯坪、乌什的若干Ting类化石及其地质学意义

根据新疆柯坪，乌什的Ting类化石新材料，结合以往有关Ting类生物地层学及Ting类古地理分布的资料，分析了塔里木地区二叠纪Ting类化石组合特征。研究结果显示，塔里木盆地早二叠世Ting类动物群与我国西南地区同期Ting类动物群面貌非常相似，并具有一些目前仅发现于云南，贵州和广西的地方性种类，表明塔里木板块与华南板块在这一时期应处于相同的纬度，且两者相对位置似应比较接近。但是，这一结论与有关古地磁资料不尽吻合。针对这一问题，结合有关石炭－二叠纪微板块运动及古洋运动方向的研究成果，对塔里木，华南板块早二叠世Ting类动物群相似性产生的原因进行了讨论。     

甘肃红石山蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造环境

红石山蛇绿岩产出于塔里木板块北缘红石山深大断裂带中,主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长岩和玄武岩组成。玄武岩的主要地球化学特征与MORB相似,微量元素特征表明它属N-MORB。结合区域地质特征,认为红石山蛇绿岩早期为初始洋盆环境,晚期有洋脊扩张中心环境的玄武岩形成。早石炭世早期是洋盆发育的全盛期,早石炭世晚期洋壳发生消减,于二叠纪晚期构造侵位,伴有绿片岩相变质作用。     

柴达木盆地构造古地理分析

研究的目的是分析柴达木盆地显生宙构造古地理特征和盆地叠合过程。在寒武纪—泥盆纪 ,柴达木板块处于低纬度区 ,从寒武纪时的南纬 4 1°往北漂移到泥盆纪时的北纬 10 6° ,与塔里木、华北、扬子等块体有较大的纬度差 ,表明柴达木板块在该时期是一个并不隶属于其它任何板块的独立的块体 :与华北板块之间以北祁连洋相隔 ,与塔里木板块之间以阿尔金洋相隔 ,与中昆仑地块之间以东昆仑洋相隔 ,柴达木板块内部也被赛什腾—锡铁山洋所分隔。这些洋盆经历了寒武纪—早、中奥陶世张裂阶段和晚奥陶世—早、中泥盆世聚敛阶段 ,最终于中泥盆世末期闭合。该时期在柴达木盆地内部 ,叠合在震旦纪大陆裂谷盆地之上的是寒武—奥陶纪台地—陆棚相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩建造 ,生物发育 ;志留纪—早、中泥盆世柴达木盆地以隆起为特征。石炭纪—三叠纪柴达木板块继续北移 ,石炭纪时位于北纬 11 9° ,二叠纪时位于北纬 12 7° ,三叠纪时位于北纬 2 2 2° ,该时期柴达木板块已与华北板块、塔里木板块拼合 ,但与羌塘板块之间以南昆仑洋相隔 ,柴达木处于南昆仑洋的弧后部位 ,叠加在早期盆地之上的是石炭纪—早二叠世滨岸—台地—陆棚相碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩夹煤线。晚二叠世—三叠纪柴达木盆地再度隆升。侏罗纪以来 ,柴达木板块缓慢北     

中国西北甘肃地区华夏和安加拉混生植物群形成机制研究

系统总结了我国西北甘肃地区晚二叠世华夏和安加拉混生植物群的研究现状和研究进展,讨论了华夏和安加拉混生植物群的形成机制。早二叠世,塔里木板块和华北板块向西北运移,与此同时,哈萨克斯坦板块和西伯利亚板块向东南漂移。中二叠世,华夏古陆沿天山、阴山和大兴安岭一线与西伯利亚古陆碰撞导致古海洋闭合和山脉隆升,板块的碰撞为华夏植物群和安加拉植物群两者之间提供了"混生"的条件。来自这两个植物群的少数混生分子出现在本区的中二叠世晚期。晚二叠世,由于塔里木板块和华北板块与哈萨克斯坦板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞与联合,从而使华夏古陆和安加拉古陆对接,形成了华夏和安加拉混生植物群。华夏和安加拉混生植物群的分布模式可以归于陆地生态系统的板块运动、气候分异、环境变化、植物迁移和植物自身演化的结果。     

塔里木西北部乌什—柯坪—巴楚地区古生代沉积—构造演化及成盆动力学背景沉积—构造演化及成盆动力学背景

把柯坪断隆“还原”为塔里木板块的一部分,重塑了它与北邻的乌什地区和南邻的巴楚地区古生代“分分”“合合”的演化史,得到以下重要认识。（1）奥陶纪在乌什、柯坪和巴楚一间房地区发育以东西向的古吐木休克断层为南界的台盆;该断层的西段后期被柯坪塔格断裂（东西走向段）迁就利用,中—东段后期因被肢解而“消失”。（2）柯坪地区最西部中泥盆世已有海相沉积,晚泥盆世—石炭纪海侵不断向东扩展;因南天山洋的消减在柯坪—阿克苏—库车一线形成横贯塔里木北缘的石炭纪隆起带,使得塔里木中—北部上泥盆统—石炭系的沉积相有清楚的空间展布规律。（3）据同位素年龄值将柯坪地区东段玄武岩的时代更正为早二叠世,强烈火成活动造成的热隆升使该地区早二叠世即出现陆相沉积;塔西北的其他地区石炭纪末—早二叠世普遍发生海侵。（4）从与南天山洋和西昆仑洋耦合演化的角度简要探讨了塔里木西北地区古生代的成盆动力学背景,认为古生代有东西向、北西向及北东向的控盆和控相断裂发育并总结了其后期演化的特点。     

Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments: The Korean Peninsula in context

East and Southeast Asia comprises a complex assembly of allochthonous continental lithospheric crustal fragments (terranes) together with volcanic arcs, and other terranes of oceanic and accretionary complex origins located at the zone of convergence between the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. The former wide separation of Asian terranes is indicated by contrasting faunas and floras developed on adjacent terranes due to their prior geographic separation, different palaeoclimates, and biogeographic isolation. The boundaries between Asian terranes are marked by major geological discontinuities (suture zones) that represent former ocean basins that once separated them. In some cases, the ocean basins have been completely destroyed, and terrane boundaries are marked by major fault zones. In other cases, remnants of the ocean basins and of subduction/accretion complexes remain and provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the terranes, the oceans that once separated them, and timings of amalgamation and accretion. The various allochthonous crustal fragments of East Asia have been brought into close juxtaposition by geological convergent plate tectonic processes. The Gondwana-derived East Asia crustal fragments successively rifted and separated from the margin of eastern Gondwana as three elongate continental slivers in the Devonian, Early Permian and Late Triassic–Late Jurassic. As these three continental slivers separated from Gondwana, three successive ocean basins, the Palaeo-Tethys,. Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys, opened between these and Gondwana. Asian terranes progressively sutured to one another during the Palaeozoic to Cenozoic. South China and Indochina probably amalgamated in the Early Carboniferous but alternative scenarios with collision in the Permo–Triassic have been suggested. The Tarim terrane accreted to Eurasia in the Early Permian. The Sibumasu and Qiangtang terranes collided and sutured with Simao/Indochina/East Malaya in the Early–Middle Triassic and the West Sumatra terrane was transported westwards to a position outboard of Sibumasu during this collisional process. The Permo–Triassic also saw the progressive collision between South and North China (with possible extension of this collision being recognised in the Korean Peninsula) culminating in the Late Triassic. North China did not finally weld to Asia until the Late Jurassic. The Lhasa and West Burma terranes accreted to Eurasia in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and proto East and Southeast Asia had formed. Palaeogeographic reconstructions illustrating the evolution and assembly of Asian crustal fragments during the Phanerozoic are presented.     

塔里木板块二叠纪构造演化的古植物群（大植物、孢粉）响应

塔里木板块二叠纪的构造演化导致板块古地理位置、古地貌和古环境的演变(包括气候条件的改变)，相应地塔里木板块的植物群在区系性质方面发生了重要变更。该板块二叠纪植物群演替历史分为3个演化阶段：①欧美植物群阶段(阿赛尔期-罗德期)；②欧美-安加拉混生植物群阶段(沃德期-吴家坪期)早期；③安加拉植物群阶段(吴家坪期中晚期-长兴期)。     

再论塔里木板块的归属问题

长期以来，对塔里木板块属于华北板块？扬子板块？还是一个独立的板块？一直存在争议。本文根据塔里木板前寒武纪基底的性质，古生代沉积建造序列，生物古地理区系的面貌和古地磁资料认为：（１）塔里木是属于前寒武纪陆壳基底的独立板块，与周边板块之间的存在不同规模的洋盆；（２）早古生代时，塔里木位于南半球，更接近于扬子板块，而远离华北板块（３）在古生代一中生代时，塔里木板块与周边坡板块先后碰撞，直到三叠纪末，塔里     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000364

The South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions of Central Asia are located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The formation of South Tianshan Orogen was a diachronous,scissors-like process,which took place during the Palaeozoic,and its western segment was accepted as a site of the fnal collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent,which occurred in the late Palaeozoic.However,the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions remains debatable.Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data,we suggest that the fnal collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous.Therefore,the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions.We propose that an earlier,small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time,which was the frst intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions.The later largescale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate.The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions,which includes seven stages:(I)late Ordovicianeearly Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean;(II)middle Silurianemiddle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent;(III)late Devonianelate Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarim continental blocks;(IV)early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting;(V)late PermianeTriassic the frst intraplate orogeny;(VI)JurassicePalaeogene tectonic stagnation and(VII)NeoceneeQuaternary intraplate orogeny.     

试论南中国海盆地新生代板块构造及盆地动力学

南海地处欧亚、印度—澳大利亚和菲律宾海板块的交互带,是西太平洋地区面积最大的边缘海之一,其成因机制和演化过程对探讨特提斯构造域和太平洋构造域相互作用及油气勘探等问题具有重要意义,虽备受关注但仍存争议.综合目前该区及外围已有的大地构造等方面的资料,本文从探讨南海外围的构造格架及中-新生代演化过程入手,分析了南海及外围板块...     

Global Review of Permian Tyloplecta Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960 (Brachiopoda): Morphology, Palaeobiogeographical and Palaeogeographical Implications

A global review of the stratigraphical and geographical distribution of Tyloplecta reveals that the genus ranges in age from Kungurian to Changhsingian (Middle to Late Permian). Tyloplecta first evolved in South China in the Kungurian (late Early Permian). The genus went through its first diversification in the Guadalupian, suffered a major extinction at the end of the Guadalupian, and re-diversified in the Wuchiapingian. T. yangtzeensis persisted into the Changhsingian as the only survivor of the genus involved in the end-Permian mass extinction. Palaeogeographically, South China is not only the centre of origin for the genus but also an area of diversification and evolution. In addition to South China, Tyloplecta has also been recorded from the Far East Russia, Japan, central Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Qiangtang Terrane of Tibet, Salt Range, Iran, Armenia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Slovenia. This geographic spread suggests that Tyloplecta was primarily restricted to the Palaeotethys and is indicative of warm-water palaeoequatorial conditions. Its presence in some of the northeast Asian terranes (e.g., parts of Japan and Far East Russia) and in the Salt Range (Pakistan) and central and north Iran (part of the Cimmerian microcontinents) demonstrate that the genus invaded the middle palaeolatitudinal regions in both hemispheres during the late Middle Permian in response to increased shallow marine biotic communications between Cathaysia in the eastern Palaeotethys and southern Angaraland, and between Cathaysia and Peri-Gondwanaland. The invasion of Tyloplecta (and some other taxa) into the southern shore waters of Angaraland may be explained by assuming ocean surface current connections and close palaeogeographical proximities between the South China, Sino-Korea and Bureya blocks. In comparison, the invasion of Tyloplecta into the Peri-Gondwanaland region is more likely a result of reduced palaeogeographical distance between South China and Peri-Gondwanaland and the appearance of the Cimmerian microcontinents as migratory stepping stones.     

内蒙古阿拉善地区恩格尔乌苏缝合带二叠纪放射虫及其地质意义

报道了采自恩格尔乌苏缝合带的蛇绿混杂岩硅质外来岩块中的二叠纪阿尔拜虫目放射虫化石,包括3属7种,可以划分为2个放射虫化石组合,能够与日本、美国的放射虫化石带进行对比,其地质时代分别为早二叠世和中二叠世晚期-晚二叠世早期。恩格尔乌苏缝合带位于华北板块和塔里木板块之间,这些放射虫化石的发现为研究恩格尔乌苏缝合带的构造演化提供了新的证据。鉴于其中最新的放射虫组合的地质时代为中二叠世晚期-晚二叠世早期,认为华北板块与塔里木板块之间自中二叠世晚期-晚二叠世早期曾经存在古海洋,即华北板块和塔里木板块的拼合时间是晚二叠世晚期。     

Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China

The apparent polar wander (APW) path from the Tarim block consists of palaeo-magnetic poles ofDevonian (λ=16°N, ψ= 165° E. A_(95)=4°). Late Carboniferous (λ=41° N, ψ=160° E, A_(95)=4°).Permian (λ=61°N, ψ=177° E. A_(95)=9°). Early Triassic (λ=69° N. ψ=183° E. A_(95)=11°) andJurassic/Cretaceous (λ=65° N, ψ=214° E. A_(95)=6°) times. On the basis of this APW path, it is con-cluded that the Tarim block was subducted beneath the Kazakstan plate between Devonian and Permiantimes. The Tarim, North China and South China blocks were sutured between the Early Triassic and EarlyCretaceous. Tarim had moved eastward some 2000 km relative to Siberia since the Cretaceous.     

内蒙古阿拉善地区恩格尔乌苏缝合带二叠纪放射虫及其地质意义

报道了采自恩格尔乌苏缝合带的蛇绿混杂岩硅质外来岩块中的二叠纪阿尔拜虫目放射虫化石,包括3属7种,可以划分为2个放射虫化石组合,能够与日本、美国的放射虫化石带进行对比,其地质时代分别为早二叠世和中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期。恩格尔乌苏缝合带位于华北板块和塔里木板块之间,这些放射虫化石的发现为研究恩格尔乌苏缝合带的构造演化提供了新的证据。鉴于其中最新的放射虫组合的地质时代为中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期,认为华北板块与塔里木板块之间自中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期曾经存在古海洋,即华北板块和塔里木板块的拼合时间是晚二叠世晚期。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区恩格尔乌苏缝合带二叠纪放射虫及其地质意义

报道了采自恩格尔乌苏缝合带的蛇绿混杂岩硅质外来岩块中的二叠纪阿尔拜虫目放射虫化石,包括3属7种,可以划分为2个放射虫化石组合,能够与日本、美国的放射虫化石带进行对比,其地质时代分别为早二叠世和中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期。恩格尔乌苏缝合带位于华北板块和塔里木板块之间,这些放射虫化石的发现为研究恩格尔乌苏缝合带的构造演化提供了新的证据。鉴于其中最新的放射虫组合的地质时代为中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期,认为华北板块与塔里木板块之间自中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期曾经存在古海洋,即华北板块和塔里木板块的拼合时间是晚二叠世晚期。     

塔里木板块周缘晚古生代以来的构造演化

塔里木板块在晚古生代以来,经历了一系列碰撞和拼合事件,受北侧哈萨克斯坦－准噶尔板块碰撞的影响,南天山石炭纪再生洋盆于早二叠世末隆起,并导致天山山前陆盆地形成。这一时期塔木西部强烈的热活动事件,反映了一次地壳开裂活动,并导致天山山前的前陆盆地形成,这一时期里木西部强烈的热活动事件,反映了一次地壳开裂活动,同时进一步推动了塔里木向天山下插的陆内俯冲活动及前陆盆地的形成,中生代时期,特提斯洋盆的活动及先