基于随机森林特征优选的冬小麦分类方法

本文基于多时相Landsat 8 OLI数据,进行综合光谱、植被指数的特征提取与特征选择的方法研究。通过分析光谱与植被指数特征时序变化,提取最佳时相光谱,构建小麦提取特征;采用基于重要性与Pearson相关性的随机森林特征选择算法优选特征。结果表明:利用优选特征分类时,总体精度为89.78%,小麦分类精度为98.33%;与优选前特征的分类结果相比,精度分别提高了2.96%、2.55%;基于重要性与Pearson相关性的随机森林特征选择提高了分类精度和分类器工作效率。     

无人机多光谱影像的天然草地生物量估算

地上草地生物量是衡量天然草地生态系统的重要指标,是草地资源合理利用和载畜平衡监测的重要依据。为了快速、准确、有效地估算天然草地地上生物量,掌握其变化规律,以天山北坡天然牧场为研究区,分析其地上生物量的时空分布特征。根据研究区阴坡与阳坡不同的草地类型和植被种类,利用多旋翼无人机获取的高分辨率多光谱影像(含近红外波段),结合地面实测数据,在进行天然草地地上生物量与植被指数相关性分析的基础上,运用回归分析方法,建立生物量和多种植被指数的估算模型。结果表明:考虑地形因子(阴阳坡)之后,植被地上生物量与各植被指数的相关性系数显著提高;不同坡向,同一植被指数拟合精度差异较大;同一坡向,各个植被指数的敏感性也有所不同。总体上,比值植被指数(RVI)与阴阳坡草地生物量拟合效果最好,模型精度均达到75%以上。利用植被指数建立的生物量估算方法结果与实际相符,可为天然草地生态系统检测和草地资源合理利用提供方法和依据。     

用人机交互方式进行卫星图像的草地分类与制图

本文探讨了利用计算机分析MSS数据在新疆天山北坡进行草地分类和制图的方法。在研究草地卫星光谱特征和各种地类光谱可分性的基础上,通过选择不同高度地带上的地物类型,分地带分类,分出42种类型,其中有27种草地类型。检验表明,86％地类的分类精度在80％以上,草地分类深度达到亚类和组级。用计算机成图方法将分类结果绘制成1:10万草地类型图,速度比人工成图提高200—300倍。本文还研究了通过扫描数字化等高线图建立数字地形模型的方法。利用数字地形模型改善山区草地分类精度,取得了良好的效果。     

遥感多时相特征图象按高程分层分类法——咸宁县土地利用面积的遥感测定

本文介绍了利用不同时相的陆地卫星图象，通过特征图象的选取、地面高程信息的利用、以及按高程分层计算机分类过程，统计湖北省咸宁县七种主要土地利用类别覆盖面积的方法与成果分析。试验结果表明，多时相生物量指标图象是咸宁县地物分类的较佳特征图象；并且，当在分类过程中引入地面高程信息后，能进一步提高分类精度。本试验测定的咸宁县土地利用面积，为湖北省农业规划部门提供了较为科学的参考数据。本试验所采用的计算机分类方案，及其相应的遥感数字图象处理全套应用软件（NOVA机、Fortran语言）可以应用于其他地区的遥感法土地概查工作。     

遥感图像土地覆盖分类中多源特征数据选择研究

多源特征数据可以提高遥感图像的分类精度,选择合适的特征数据十分重要。利用基尼指数对多尺度纹理信息、主成分变换前三分量、地形数据等特征进行选择,选出最佳特征子集。利用支持向量机、神经网络分类法、最大似然法分别对全部特征数据和最佳特征子集结合多光谱数据进行分类。实验结果表明:基尼指数可以有效地对多源特征数据进行选择,特征选择可以提高分类器效率,提高分类精度。     

基于Landsat-8 OLI的西安市土地利用类型遥感分类研究

近年来,由于区域人口的增加和社会经济的快速发展,西安市的土地利用类型发生了明显变化。土地利用分类可为生态系统模型、水资源模型和气候模型等提供重要信息,遥感技术为土地利用分类提供了有效的工具。本文以西安市2016年Landsat-8卫星的OLI多光谱数据为基础资料,参考国家土地利用分类标准和西安市土地利用现状,将西安市的土地类型分为建设用地、裸地、水体、草地、耕地、林地6类,采用监督分类中常用的最大似然分类法和决策树分类方法对研究数据进行解译,利用总体分类精度和Kappa系数等指标对各分类精度加以评价,并结合实际用地情况对分类结果进行了总结分析。     

三江源典型区草地退化Hyperion高光谱遥感识别研究

三江源草地退化直接影响当地及长江、黄河和澜沧江中上游地区的生态安全、水资源合理利用、经济可持续发展和社会稳定,一直是人们关注的焦点问题。近年来,该地区草地群落毒杂草组分增大,退化严重。高光谱遥感具有精细识别草地种群的潜在能力,如何利用其进行草地群落组成信息探测并进行退化识别是当前研究的热点和难点问题。利用卫星高光谱Hyperion影像和地面实测高光谱遥感数据,通过多端元混合像元分解技术,提取可食牧草、毒杂草以及裸土组分信息;以此为指标对研究区草地退化程度进行分类识别,依次为:未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化和极度退化。利用野外样方实测数据验证监测结果,精度达到84.2%,表明高光谱遥感对草地退化探测具有良好的应用潜力。     

宝鸡市金渭两区土地利用信息遥感提取研究

通过宝鸡市金渭两区利用TM遥感图像,采用最大似然分类法,进行土地利用分类的实践,对图像类型与时相的选择、图像处理、监督分类和分类体系进行了研究,并对分类精度进行了评价。     

天然草地牧草产量遥感综合监测预测模型研究

利用天然草地牧草光谱观测资料、牧草产量资料、气象资料和NOAA／AVHRR资料，建立了天然草地牧草产量光谱植被指数和卫星遥感监测模型、气监测模型，提供及时准确地掌握牧草产量变化的科学手段。建立了天然草地牧草产量遥感预测模型及气象预测模型，可以根据需要提供不同时效的卫星遥感预测结果和气象模型预测结果。气象模型精度较高，但气象站点有限，往往以点代面；遥感技术宏观性强，空间信息丰富，可以弥补气象模型的不足；两者既可以互相验证，又可以取长补短。1995年以后服务表明，这些模型达到牧业气象业务服务的要求。     

成像光谱数据特征选择及小麦品种识别实验研究

针对河北栾城获得的MAIS成像光谱仪数据用于小麦品种识别进行了特征选择和分类研究。利用遗传算法以JM距离为准则并结合实验区小麦的生物物理特性，进行了最佳波段选择；利用Fuzzy—Anmap分类器及选出的最佳波段对成像光谱数据进行了分类，区分出了4种小麦品种，小麦的总体分类精度超过97％。     

用于土地利用分类的计算机复合分层分类方法——河北省南皮县土地利用分类研究

本文介绍了遥感图像的计算机复合分层分类方法:在用马氏距离判决分类基础上,引入了土壤图、地形图和纹理结构信息以及专家知识,对初始分类结果进行了分层判决。提高了分类精度。     

Investigating the impact of the temporal resolution of MODIS data on measured phenology in the prairie grasslands

ABSTRACT

The temporal resolution of vegetation indices (VIs) determines the details of seasonal variation in vegetation dynamics observed by remote sensing, but little has been known about how the temporal resolution of VIs affects the retrieval of land surface phenology (LSP) of grasslands. This study evaluated the impact of temporal resolution of MODIS NDVI, EVI, and per-pixel green chromatic coordinate (GCCpp) on the quality and accuracy of the estimated LSP metrics of prairie grasslands. The near-surface PheonoCam phenology data for grasslands centered over Lethbridge PhenoCam grassland site were used as the validation datasets due to the lack of in situ observations for grasslands in the Prairie Ecozone. MODIS Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) data from 2001 to 2017 were used to compute the time series of daily reference and to simulate 2–32 day MODIS VIs. The daily reference and simulated multi-day time series were fitted with the double logistic model, and the LSP metrics were then retrieved from the modeled daily time series separately. Comparison within satellite-based estimates showed no significant difference in the phenological metrics derived from daily reference and multi-day VIs resampled at a time step less than 18 days. Moreover, a significant decline in the ability of multi-day VIs to predict detailed temporal dynamics of daily reference VIs was revealed as the temporal resolution increased. Besides, there were a variety of trends for the onset of phenological transitions as the temporal resolution of VIs changed from 1 to 32 days. Comparison with PhenoCam phenology data presented small and insignificant differences in the mean bias error (MBE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of grassland phenological metrics derived from daily, 8-, 10-, 14-, and 16-day MODIS VIs. Overall, this study suggested that the MODIS VIs resampled at a time step less than 18 days are favorable for the detection of grassland phenological transitions and detailed seasonal dynamics in the Prairie Ecozone.     

A semi-ellipsoid-model based fuzzy classifier to map grassland in Inner Mongolia,China

Remote sensing techniques offer effective means for mapping plant communities. However, mapping grassland with fine vegetative classes over large areas has been challenging for either the coarse resolutions of remotely sensed images or the high costs of acquiring images with high-resolutions. An improved hybrid-fuzzy-classifier (HFC) derived from a semi-ellipsoid-model (SEM) is developed in this paper to achieve higher accuracy for classifying grasslands with Landsat images. The Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, is chosen as the study area, because an acceptable volume of ground truthing data was previously collected by multiple research communities. The accuracy assessment is based on the comparison of the classification outcomes from four types of image sets: (1) Landsat ETM+ August 14, 2004, (2) Landsat TM August 12, 2009, (3) the fused images of ETM+ with CBERS, and (4) TM with CBERS, respectively, and by three classifiers, the proposed HFC-SEM, the tetragonal pyramid model (TPM) based HFC, and the support vector machine method. In all twelve classification experiments, the HFC-SEM classifier had the best overall accuracy statistics. This finding indicates that the medium resolution Landsat images can be used to map grassland vegetation with good vegetative detail when the proper classifier is applied.     

利用纹理分析方法提取TM图像信息

以北京市丰台区为试验区 ,采用纹理分析方法对高分辨率图像的纹理信息进行分析 ,选取统计指标熵 ,通过确定熵的最佳阈值 ,进行边界匹配和图像的分割 ,将光谱混淆地物菜地和耕地分割开来 ,然后将此分割结果与TM图像分类结果进行叠合 ,得到最终的分类结果。并将该结果与最大似然分类结果以及单纯依靠纹理特征得到的分类结果进行了对比。试验结果表明 :将纹理分析方法应用于图像分类中可区分光谱混淆的地类 ,光谱与纹理特征结合得到的分类精度要远高于单纯光谱和单纯纹理的分类精度。     

SPOT5影像纹理特征提取与土地利用信息识别方法

本文以太湖流域西苕溪上游安吉地区SPOT5影像600像元×600像元为试验区,首先采用主成分分析对SPOT5影像进行数据压缩和几何信息增强,再采用小波分析方法对影像进行滤波和噪音处理,利用灰度共生矩阵对高分辨率图像的纹理信息进行分析,以对比度和熵为统计指标,确定对比度和熵的最佳阈值,进行边界匹配和图像的分割,将此分割结果与NDVI阈值法分类结果进行叠合,得到最终的分类结果。试验结果表明:将纹理分析方法应用于图像分类中可区分光谱混淆的地物,光谱与纹理特征结合得到的分类精度高于单纯依靠光谱特征进行分类和单纯依靠纹理分类的分类精度。     

综合多特征的Landsat 8时序遥感图像棉花分类方法

传统的多时相遥感图像分类大多拘泥于单一特征,本文基于多时相的Landsat 8遥感数据,开展了综合多特征的特征提取与特征选择方法研究。综合了NDVI时间序列、最佳时相反射率光谱特征以及纹理特征作为初始分类特征,并采用基于属性重要度的粗糙集特征选择算法对其进行特征约简。分类结果表明:(1)利用初始分类特征,分类的总体精度达到92.81%,棉花提取精度达87.4%,与仅利用NDVI时间序列相比,精度分别提高5.53%和5.05%;(2)利用粗糙集选择后的特征分类,分类总体精度可达93.66%,棉花分类精度达92.73%,与初始分类特征提取结果相比,棉花分类精度提高5.33%。基于属性重要度的粗糙集特征选择不仅提高了分类精度,同时有效降低了分类器的计算复杂度。     

结合纹理的SVM遥感影像分类研究

针对传统统计模式识别分类方法分类精度不高,分类时未加入像元灰度的空间分布和结构特征以及分类时样本不足等缺陷,采用一种结合纹理的支持向量机(SVM)遥感图像分类方法。该方法在对Landsat7 ETM遥感影像进行纹理特征提取的基础上,构建了结合纹理的SVM分类模型。以河南省汝阳县为试验区,利用此模型对该区域的土地利用类型进行分类研究,并将分类结果与最大似然法和单源数据(光谱)SVM分类结果进行定性和定量比较分析。研究结果表明:该方法能够有效地解决单数据源分类效果破碎、分类精度不高等问题;对高维输入向量具有较高的推广能力;总精度达到90%,比单源信息的SVM分类法提高了6%,而与最大似然法相比,总精度提高了近9%,取得了良好的效果。     

Hyperspectral discrimination of tree species with different classifications using single- and multiple-endmember

Discrimination of tree species with different ages is performed in three classifications using hyperspectral data. The first classification is between Broadleaves and pines; the second classification is between Broadleaves, Corsican Pines, and Scots Pines, and the third classification is between six tree species including different ages of Corsican and Scots Pines. These three classifications are performed by having single- and multiple-endmember and considering five different spectral measure techniques (SMTs) in combination with reflectance spectra (ReflS), first and second derivative spectra. The result shows that using single-endmember, derivative spectra are not useful for a more challenging classification. This is further emphasized in multiple-endmember classification, where all SMTs perform better in ReflS rather than derivative in all classifications. Furthermore, using derivative spectra, discrimination accuracy become more dependent on the type of SMTs, especially in single-endmember. By employing multiple-endmember, the within-species variation is significantly reduced, thereby, the remaining challenge in discriminating tree species with different ages is only due to the between-species similarity. Overall, discrimination accuracies around 92.4, 76.8, and 71.5% are obtained using original reflectance and multiple-endmember for the first, second, and third classification, which is around 14.3, 17, and 8.3% higher than what were obtained in single-endmember classifications, respectively. Also, amongst the five SMTs, Euclidean distance (in both single- and multiple-endmember) and Jeffreys–Matusita distance (in single-endmember and derivative spectra) provided the highest discrimination accuracies in different classifications. Furthermore, when discrimination become more challenging from the first to second and third classification, the performance difference between different SMTs is increased from 1.4 to 3.8 and 7.3%, respectively. The study shows high potential of multiple-endmember to be employed in remote sensing applications in the future for improving tree species discrimination accuracy.     

面向土地利用分类的HJ-1 CCD影像最佳分形波段选择

环境一号卫星（HJ-1）CCD影像光谱波段较少,地物之间的准确分类识别有一定困难。采用分形纹理辅助地物分类识别是一种有效方法,而波段选择是提高分类识别精度的关键。本文以江西赣州定南县土地利用分类为例,采用双毯覆盖模型对HJ卫星CCD影像6类典型地物的波谱分形特征进行了分析,利用不同地物在不同波段上的分形区分度差异构建了最佳分形波段选择模型,并利用该模型挑选出最佳分形波段来辅助土地利用分类,最后对分类结果进行检验。结果表明：最佳分形波段选择模型能够综合权衡不同地物在不同波段上的分形区分度差异,利用挑选出来的最佳分形波段来辅助分类,其分类总体精度相对于原始影像分类提高了11.77%,相对于第1主成分分形辅助下的分类提高了1.56%。