基于非结构网格有限体积法的二维高精度物质输运模拟

在二维任意多边形无结构网格有限体积水流模型的基础上,通过无插值的通量重构和引入限制因子建立物质输运的高精度无数值震荡数学模型,并从理论上分析了模型的单调和稳定条件.通过旋转流中圆形分布的对流输运算例对模型进行检验,结果表明模型具有守恒、高精度无数值震荡等优点.最后将模型应用到瓯江河口的盐度输运模拟,计算的潮位、流速和盐度过程与原型吻合良好.     

平面二维水流泥沙数值模拟

基于三角形网格划分,采用有限元方法,建立了河道平面二维水流泥沙数学模型。采用质量集中的简化处理和预估校正的时间推进算法,较好地解决了有限元计算存储量和计算速度问题。以空腔流和突扩段两种情况为例对模型进行了检验计算,结果表明,模型能较好地模拟河道水流泥沙运动及河床变形情况,且计算稳定性好、速度快、精度较高。     

点源二维地形视电阻率数值模拟

一般情况下,边界元法所建立的线性方程组系数矩阵为一满置矩阵。针对地形剖面的计算特点,本文提出了满置矩阵转换为带宽矩阵,用一维压缩存贮该带宽矩阵的方法,编制了点源二维地形视电阻率响应的计算程序,极大地减少了计算机内存和时间。     

矿井电穿透法二维正演数值模拟

通过研究巷道间电穿透二维正演数值模拟理论及复杂模型正演实例分析, 结果表明工作面内顺层电穿透技术, 仍属体积勘探, 探测的有效深度是一个深度段。不同建场方法有不同的建场特性且能分别突出各目的层 (煤层内或顶底板围岩内) 的异常, 为解决采煤工作面附近的具体问题使用相应的方法提供了理论依据。     

山区河流平面二维流场的数值模拟

针对山区河流边界地形复杂、水位及流速变化剧烈的特点,用"混合五对角法"建立平面二维数学模型并求解,进行水位和流速的数值模拟.利用嘉陵江重庆金刚碑-朝阳桥河段地形及5个横断面的水位和水深平均流速资料对此模型进行了验证,模型快速、准确地再现了该河段的水位和水深平均流速情况.     

基于二次插值的线源可控源有限元数值模拟

在准静态近似条件下,采用矩形网格单元和双二次函数插值就频率域二维线源边值问题进行了有限元数值模拟。在二维地电条件下,给出了边值问题和变分问题,并通过有限单元法对模型进行单元剖分、插值、积分和整体合成,最后通过求解复系数方程组得到了地表视电阻率响应。引入伪delta函数模拟线源,消弱了源带来的奇异性。通过与均匀大地以及层状介质模型的解析解对比,平均相对误差分别为0.71%和1.12%。建立了两个异常体模型,数值模拟表明异常响应比较明显,为进一步实现三维可控源电磁法有限元数值模拟提供了基础。     

大地电磁三维模型二维反演计算数值模拟分析

设计了多个1D/3D、2D/3D模型进行数值模拟分析,从模型三维响应和二维响应的差异大小和反演结果对比两个方面,分析了利用二维反演解释方法来逼近解释三维地质模型的适用性问题.分析结果表明:在异常体沿走向长度逐渐缩短的过程中,模型的三维特性逐渐增强,采用TM极化模式的二维反演结果基本保持不变,TE极化模式的二维反演结果逐渐产生畸变,表明TM极化模式对模型二维性的要求远远低于TE极化模式,TE/TM联合模式二维反演效果通常介于前两者之间,有时优于TM极化模式的二维反演结果.综合得出:一般条件下采用TM极化模式进行二维反演通常可以较好地重建原始模型,TE/TM联合二维反演结果在与TM极化模式反演结果整体电性特征相似的情况下,其对模型电阻率值的反演优于TM极化模式.     

平面二维泥石流数值模拟方法的探讨

本文提出了泥石流二维平面流动方程组，基于研究泥石流堆积泛滥的流速与泥深分布图像的构思，笔者应用有限差法进行了数值解，其计算结果与实测结果基本吻合。     

激电二维数值模拟研究

从点源二维地电问题出发,采用有限单元法进行了地电场进行数值模拟,采用自适应三角剖分来实现起伏地表的模拟,针对双边三极装置,实现了多种模型的正演研究;通过多种模型的正反演,总结异常产生的规律,为激电法的分析提供了有效的信息。     

基于GIS泥石流二维数值模拟

为了模拟泥石流的运动规律,预测降雨诱发的泥石流到达距离和泛滥范围,减少和避免泥石流引起的灾害,给出了一个模拟泥石流运动的二维数值模型。由于GIS中的栅格网络数据可以直接作为有限差分的网格,二维数值模型可用有限差分来求解。模型应用于2003年7月20日发生在日本九州南部熊本县水俣市宝川区集村的泥石流。模拟再现了这个真实泥石流的传播和泛滥的过程,并与实际检测结果很吻合,验证了这个深度积分的二维数值模型的有效性和实用性。模型可用于预测泥石流的流动距离和泛滥范围,以及泛滥范围内的危险房屋和路段,也可以用于泥石流灾害的风险性分析。     

地下水溶质运移数值模拟模型参数的局部灵敏度研究

采用局部灵敏度分析方法计算天津市滨海新区南港工业区内某研究区含水层渗透系数、降水入渗补给系数、纵向弥散度、孔隙度对地下水溶质运移数值模拟模型模拟结果的影响。结果表明,含水层渗透系数、纵向弥散度及孔隙度灵敏度较高,对模拟结果影响较大,降水入渗补给系数对模拟结果影响很小。三个灵敏参数的灵敏度排序为孔隙度>纵向弥散度>渗透系数。     

Study on numerical simulation of organic pollutant transport in groundwater northwest of Laixi

The construction and hydrogeological area in the low hill, which is northwest of Laixi City and in the east of Shandong Province more precisely, is one of Dagu River’s groundwater source. Regarding COD as the typical pollutant according to general situation of groundwater pollution in aforementioned area, a three-dimensional advection-dispersion model was established to simulate the transport of organic pollutants under two accident conditions. In addition, the effect of corresponding dispersity was analyzed. The results show that COD transport is mainly in accordance with the direction of groundwater flow, pollutant concentration and its gradient as well as the rule of narrower pollution range in deeper stratum. Moreover, COD is mainly transported and diffused in groundwater of sandy soil in the first and second layers. However, under accident condition II, the pollutant concentration begins to decay gradually after its transport and diffusion tends to be stable. Besides, in terms of dominance, dispersion is to transverse transport of pollutants what advection is to longitudinal transport. If considering random dispersion, the final results see higher peak concentration of COD and longer transverse distance from pollution center compared to transport route. What’s more, the pollution plume changes and concentration isocline becomes slightly irregular.     

Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition

ABSTRACT Temporally and spatially averaged models of bedload transport are inadequate to describe the highly variable nature of particle motion at low transport stages. The primary sources of this variability are the resisting forces to downstream motion resulting from the geometrical relation (pocket friction angle) of a bed grain to the grains that it rests upon, variability of the near‐bed turbulent velocity field and the local modification of this velocity field by upstream, protruding grains. A model of bedload transport is presented that captures these sources of variability by directly integrating the equations of motion of each particle of a simulated mixed grain‐size sediment bed. Experimental data from the velocity field downstream and below the tops of upstream, protruding grains are presented. From these data, an empirical relation for the velocity modification resulting from upstream grains is provided to the bedload model. The temporal variability of near‐bed turbulence is provided by a measured near‐bed time series of velocity over a gravel bed. The distribution of pocket friction angles results as a consequence of directly calculating the initiation and cessation of motion of each particle as a result of the combination of fluid forcing and interaction with other particles. Calculations of bedload flux in a uniform boundary and simulated pocket friction angles agree favourably with previous studies.     

淹没丁坝群二维水流数值模拟新方法

为模拟淹没丁坝群平面二维水流运动,提出了淹没丁坝群二维水流数值模拟新方法并建立了数学模型。新方法的主要实施方案:① 将丁坝视为无厚度坝,用网格线概化丁坝;② 采用新的网格节点布置形式,即水深、流速节点布置于网格界面上,水位节点布置于网格中心,有别于一般交错网格节点布置。模型采用基于结构网格下的有限体积法对方程组进行离散,同时将淹没丁坝坝顶水深代入离散方程中进行求解。采用已有的水槽试验资料,进行了初步验证,模拟了长江下游东流水道已建丁坝群工程实施后河道的流场和水位场,结果表明计算和实测符合较好。     

饱和水流溶质运移问题数值解法综述

本文总结了饱和水流中溶质运移方程求解的各种数值方法，分析各种方法的本质特征以及各自的优缺点，并指出了求解对流—弥散方程的各种数值方法的研究进展和值得重视的问题。研究结果表明，自适应欧拉—拉格朗日法(EM)是溶质运移问题中，求解对流—弥散方程是比较有发展潜力的方法之一。以MMOC法为基础在陡峰值高价插值和其它区域低价插值相结合的ELM法，将是未来发展的趋势。而寻求非规则网格上高精度的空间单元插值模式，已开始成为求解对流问题数值方法研究的重点和关键问题。     

A Comparative Study for 3D Surface Modeling of Coal Deposit by Spatial Interpolation Approaches

The planning stages of mining require comprehensive and detailed analyses. The proper determination of the orebody boundary is one of the most important points to provide optimum model structure and projections. The limits can be determined by different methods based on the site geology. Although some three dimensional (3D) models were proposed for providing detailed information concerning a mine deposit, developing a solid model via a 3D approach is novelty. In other words, surface modeling should be performed for creating a solid model and determining limits of the deposit. In this way, sensible generation of the surface model can be achieved. This study investigated the estimation capability of the polynomial approach, which is a novel spatial interpolation method, for modeling a coal deposit surface. The performance of the proposed model was compared with some conventional methods in the literature. The results showed that the polynomial interpolation method is an effective method to employ for surface modeling of a mine deposit.     

稳定的二维TTI介质一阶qP波方程RSGFD数值模拟

相比于VTI介质q P波数值模拟方法,考虑倾角因素的TTI介质q P波数值模拟方法能够更加准确地描述各向异性介质中波场的传播特征。常规的声学近似方法往往会造成TTI介质中倾角急剧变化的区域出现数值不稳定,笔者首先引入一个各向异性控制参数,推导了稳定形式的TTI介质二阶q P波方程,保证q P波场的稳定传播;其次,通过引入波场的伪速度分量,推导了其等价的一阶应力—速度形式及相应的PML边界条件,并应用优化的旋转交错网格有限差分(RSGFD)方法实现了精确的数值模拟。数值结果表明:TTI介质一阶q P波方程能够稳定、有效地模拟q P波的运动学特征,利用优化的RSGFD方法可以得到精确的合成地震记录,同时可以相对地提高计算效率。     

Comparison of numerical simulation of solute transport with observed experimental data in a silt loam subsoil

 Solute transport experiments were conducted on loamy soils of north-eastern Iowa, USA, and the results were compared with a numerical solution of a classical advection-dispersion transport model developed in this study. Flow experiments in the laboratory on undisturbed soil columns showed a flow rate of water much higher than was estimated from the soil properties and grain-size analysis data, suggesting preferential flow regime in the soil. In contrast, the relative concentration peaks of Cl^– and Br^– in the effluent were only approximately 70% of those predicted by the classical advection-dispersion equation (ADE). In addition, the experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) showed greater tailings of these ions than the model solution. These observations suggest a loss of solute mass during transport from the dynamic flowing regions to a stagnant, immobile water phase in the soil matrix. Experiments in small disturbed soil columns showed that movement of Cl^– and Br^– is in good agreement with predictions of the classical ADE when the tracers are applied as a continuous source. However, in the case of a pulse source, the BTCs of Cl^– and Br^– matched the model only in the ascending part of the curves. Such variation indicates greater retardation of these ions than that of simulation, probably caused by the decrease in soil permeability due to cation exchange reactions in the soil involving monovalent and divalent cation pairs such as K⁺–Ca²⁺ and K⁺–Mg²⁺. In addition, retardation occurred as a result of the continuous saturation of soil columns which seemed to have caused an expansion of clay minerals, thus resulting in decreased soil permeability. In both the continuous and the pulse-source experiments, K⁺ was not detected in the effluent samples, which seemed to have been lost in exchange reactions and adsorption. Received: 20 November 1998 · Accepted: 19 July 1999     

我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟研究进展

简要回顾了近几十年来我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟方面的研究成果,评述了裂隙岩溶水资源评价和污染物运移模拟的计算方法和模拟技术,其中对一些与数值模拟相关的重要问题、近年来研究的热点问题,如模型参数识别及其尺度效应问题、数值弥散和数值振荡问题、Non-Darcy流和Non-Fickian运移问题以及随机方法研究等进行了重点评述,对已有的解决办法进行了比较和对照,并探讨了今后的研究趋势.     

三维交叉裂隙渗流传质特性数值模拟

对交叉裂隙渗流传质特性的定量描述是研究整个裂隙网络渗透传质特性的基础。为真实模拟水流及溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程,首先通过三维轮廓仪获取天然岩石裂隙表面的形貌数据,再应用三维重构技术生成相应的三维交叉裂隙模型,随后求解Navier-Stokes方程,假定溶质运移满足Fick定律,模拟水流和溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程。通过对比粗糙裂隙模型与平行平板模型的模拟结果发现：粗糙度对流体的分布及流动状态存在显著的影响;不同进、出口工况下的流体流动及溶质运移状态亦表明：裂隙交叉的几何形貌会显著地影响溶质混合行为。这些结果表明,目前被广泛采用的平行平板模型在评估岩体内特别是交叉口的物质运移特性时将导致较大的偏差,在将来的研究中有必要针对裂隙交叉口的几何特征建立修正的模型以提高评估的准确性。