新会员名录

1989年7月22日批准人会牡人:翟建平、周小平、浦志忠、贾东、胡志宏、何水明、季峻峰、徐惠芳、张福勤、薛爱民、华佑南、戴长寿、吴乔良、尤宝华、吴笛、俞建宝、虞子冶、孟繁茂、周爱群、马德才、周有庆、刘远寿、张勤、倪卫泽、刘荣才、钱基、徐志斌、云武、马宏英、丁广成、杨廷波、李义昌、梁敦士、随旺华、徐佩芬、余志伟、汪伏龙1990年2月24日批准人会14了人陈小明、刘家润、尹琳、毕国平、王湘云、陈征宙、郭坤一、陈三元、吴礼道、阮宏宏、薛怀民、魏乃颐、汪迎平、张晓栋、刘卫红、钱迈平、邹永兴、吴炜、董茂兴、商玉强、聂志强…     

宁夏自治区生态农业地质研究及其前景

论述了宁夏回族自治区土壤元素含量和农作物优质高产与土壤环境中化学元素N、P、K、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、V、Sr、Ti、Mg、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ca、Co、Ni、F、Tl、Si、Na、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、Ba、Te、Ta有密切的关系.提出了生态农业地质研究的目的、内容、方法、管理及其前景。     

四川省癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的关系

利用中国癌死亡率与土壤坏境中化学元素的相关性成果，研究了四川省癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素：As、Cd、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、U、Sn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Sb、Bi、Ta、Te、Mo、W、Br、I、Fe等52个元素含量的关系     

中国农业地质研究及其成效

论述了中国土壤质量和农作物优质高产与土壤环境中化学元素N、P、K、S、Fe、MR、Cu、ZB、B、Mo、V、Sr、Ti、Mg、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ga、Co、Ni、F、Tl、Si、Na、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、Ba、Te、Ta及有机质、酸碱度、含水量、含盐量有密切的关系。提出了农业地质研究的目的、内容、方法及管理。     

地学界历年当选院士

195 5年、195 7年当选中国科学院院士的有 :尹赞勋、田奇、乐森 、许杰、孙云铸、李四光、杨钟健、何作霖、张文佑、武衡、孟宪民、侯德封、俞建章、顾功叙、黄汲清、斯行健、程裕淇、谢家荣、裴文中、王竹泉、冯景兰。1980年当选院士的有 :丁国瑜、马杏垣、王仁、王钰、王曰伦、王恒升、王鸿祯、业冶铮、叶连俊、卢衍豪、朱夏、刘东光、刘光鼎、关士聪、池际尚(女 )、孙殿卿、李春昱、李星学、杨遵义、吴汝康、谷德振、宋叔和、张伯声、张宗祜 (后为两院院士 )、张炳熹、陈国达、岳希新、周明镇、赵金斜、郝诒纯(女 )、秦馨菱、袁见齐、…     

作物产量与土壤环境的关系

作物的产量与土壤元素中Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｂ、Ｍｏ、Ｖ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ｓｅ、Ｆ、ＴＩ、Ｂａ、Ｔｅ、Ｔａ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｓｉ等元素及稀土、有机质、酸碱度和含水量、含盐量密切有关。     

四川省土壤元素含量和生态农业地质研究

论述了四川省土壤元素含量和农作物优质高产与土壤环境中化学元素N、P、K、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、V、Sr、Ti、Mg、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ca、Co、Ni、F、F、Tl、Si、Na、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、Ba、Te、Ta有密切的关系。提出了生态农业地质研究的目的、内容、方法、管理及其前景。     

江西省鄱阳湖地区地下水环境背景的形成

本文以丰富的实际资料,论证了鄱阳湖地区地下水的Mg,Ca、Na、K、SiO_2、Fe、Mu、Cr、V、Co、Ni、Ti、Be、Li、Sn、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zu、A_5、Hg、Cd、Sr、F、Cl、Br、I等27项化学成分背景的形成。     

中国不同构造单元花岗岩类元素丰度及特征

:依据采自全国范围内750个有代表性的大中型花岗岩类岩体上的767件组合样的实测分析数据,本文计算并提出了天山-兴安造山系、中朝准地台、昆仑-祁连-秦岭造山系、滇藏造山系、扬子准地台、华南-右江造山带、喜马拉雅造山带等中国七大构造单元花岗岩类和不同构造单元碱长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、FeO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、H2O 、CO2、TFe2O3、Ag、As、Au、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Cd、Cl、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、F、Ga、Ge、Hf、Hg、Li、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Sn、Sr、Ta、Th、Ti、Tl、U、V、W、Zn、Zr、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和Y等近70种化学元素和成分的丰度,探讨了不同构造单元花岗岩类岩石的岩石化学特征和微量元素丰度的特征及其区域分布。     

中国金属学会冶金地质学会第二届理事会、办事机构组成人员名单及挂靠单位

理事长:关广岳副理事长:姚培慧、杨敏之(常务)、王继伦、蒋志秘书长:马文念理事:(以姓氏笔划为序) 马文念、马晋屏、王可南、王永基、王雪曼、王家盛、王继伦、刘立民、刘益康、石准立、关广岳、朱奉三、向振泽、华祥征、陈文森、陈炳鉽、陈希廉、李同聚、李色篆、李章大、李惠、宋雄、杨尔煦、杨敏之、林根芳、林镇泰、周世泰、周传新、金成洙、姚培慧、姚春柏、侯景儒、钟汉、唐肖玫、宫润潭、陆盛鼎、     

Extensive Early and Middle Wisconsin Glaciation on the Western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, and the Variability of Pacific Moisture Delivery to the Northwestern United States

Large glaciers descended western valleys of the Olympic Mountains six times during the last (Wisconsin) glaciation, terminating in the Pacific coastal lowlands. The glaciers constructed extensive landforms and thick stratigraphic sequences, which commonly contain wood and other organic detritus. The organic material, coupled with stratigraphic data, provides a detailed radiocarbon chronology of late Pleistocene ice-margin fluctuations. The early Wisconsin Lyman Rapids advance, which terminated prior to ca. 54,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., represented the most extensive ice cover. Subsequent glacier expansions included the Hoh Oxbow 1 advance, which commenced between ca. 42,000 and 35,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P.; the Hoh Oxbow 2 advance, ca. 30,800 to 26,300 ¹⁴C yr B.P.; the Hoh Oxbow 3 advance, ca. 22,000–19,300 ¹⁴C yr B.P.; the Twin Creeks 1 advance, 19,100–18,300 ¹⁴C yr B.P.; and the subsequent, undated Twin Creeks 2 advance. The Hoh Oxbow 2 advance represents the greatest ice extent of the last 50,000 yr, with the glacier extending 22 km further downvalley than during the Twin Creeks 1 advance, which is correlative with the global last glacial maximum. Local pollen data indicate intensified summer cooling during successive stadial events. Because ice extent was diminished during colder stadial events, precipitation—not summer temperature—influenced the magnitude of glaciation most strongly. Regional aridity, independently documented by extensive pollen evidence, limited ice extent during the last glacial maximum. The timing of glacier advances suggests causal links with North Atlantic Bond cycles and Heinrich events.     

Redating the advance of the New Zealand Franz Josef Glacier during the Last Termination: evidence for asynchronous climate change

Dating climatic and environmental records with accuracy and precision is critical if we are to robustly test hypotheses of synchronous change between the hemispheres. In the southern hemisphere, the advance of the New Zealand Franz Josef Glacier to the Waiho Loop terminal moraine has been used as evidence of synchronous global change during the Younger Dryas Chronozone. However, radiocarbon ages for wood incorporated into the sediments associated with the advance span an interval of 900 years. Here we demonstrate that weathered ‘old’ wood was incorporated into the deposit prior to, or during, the advance, and that this material is highly susceptible to contamination by young carbon, resulting in the wide range of age estimates reported previously. We have identified material with little evidence of reworking (well-preserved wood with bark attached) that provides a statistically robust mean radiocarbon age of 11,062±30 BP (13.1 ka) for the advance of the Franz Josef Glacier. The timing of this event falls within the later part of the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Comparison with local, regional and global records suggests that cold conditions in the Southern Ocean were probably experienced in New Zealand at this time, driving the glacial advance.     

Erosion and the mechanics of shallow foreland thrusts

A simple model for the effects of erosion on the geometry and mechanics of shallow foreland thrusts allows prediction of maximum stable length of the thrust toe, location of initial failure within the toe, if total thrust displacement exceeds the maximum stable length, and estimates of average pore fluid pressures along the fault during thrust advance. For ‘typical’ rates of erosion and thrust advance, the maximum stable length of the toe may be very large (over 50 km) for relatively low values of fluid overpressure. Application of the theoretical results to the Keystone-Muddy Mountain thrust of southern Nevada predicts: maximum stable length, location and degree of imbrication in agreement with observation; relatively low pore fluid pressures along the fault (λ between 0.5 and 0.6), and a rate of thrust advance between 4 and 8 km Ma^?1.     

Pre-Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada

Clague, J. J., Mathewes, R. W., Guilbault, J.-P., Hutchinson, I. & Ricketts, B. D. 1997 (September): Pre-Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada. Boreas , Vol. 26, pp. 261–278. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.
A lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet readvanced into the central Fvaser Lowland, southwestern British Columbia, Canada, on at least two occasions near the end of the last glaciation. This ice also flowed into the previously deglaciated, lower reaches of mountain valleys adjacent to the Fraser Lowland and into Washington state. The first of these advances occurred before about 11900 BP and ended with glacier retreat and the establishment of lodgepole pine forest on newly deglaciated terrain. Parts of this forest were overridden by ice during a second advance, shortly after 11300 BP. The younger advance is most likely older than the Younger Dryas Chronozone (11000–10000 BP) and may correlate with an intra-Allerad cooling event (the Killarney-Gerzensee oscillation). The older advance may have occurred during the Oldest Dryas or Older Dryas cold period. Non-climatic factors could also be involved, as emergence of the Fraser Lowland before the older advance greatly reduced or eliminated calving at the glacier margin and thus altered the mass balance of the ice lobe.     

煤层底板水害超前区域治理理论框架与关键技术

随着我国华北型煤田浅部煤炭资源开采殆尽,深部煤炭资源受底板灰岩岩溶水害威胁严重,常规井下直孔注浆方式存在施工位置受限、钻遇含水层孔段短、注浆盲区大、目标位置不准确等问题。为此,提出了基于顺层定向钻孔进行注浆改造的超前区域治理技术,系统研究了顺层近水平注浆孔浆液运移规律、底板水害超前注浆模式、注浆参数控制工艺、隐伏导水通道超前判识探查与注浆效果检验与评价等。通过系统研究,构建煤层底板水害超前区域治理理论框架与技术体系,具体包括5方面内容:提出煤矿底板水害超前区域治理模式分类和选择准则,概化形成适用于我国华北型煤田地质及水文地质条件的底板含水层注浆改造模式;形成隐伏导水通道水平定向钻超前判识治理技术;建立超前区域治理关键注浆参数控制工艺体系;提出了注浆全过程的多指标定性、定量效果检验与评价技术。上述研究成果在煤层底板水害超前区域治理工程中成功应用,对底板水害超前区域治理起到重要的理论和技术支撑作用,为我国华北型煤田深部煤炭资源安全开采提供保障。     

Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American tropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project

A 136-m-long drill core of sediments was recovered from tropical high-altitude Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, enabling a reconstruction of past climate that spans four cycles of regional glacial advance and retreat and that is estimated to extend continuously over the last 370,000 yr. Within the errors of the age model, the periods of regional glacial advance and retreat are concordant respectively with global glacial and interglacial stages. Periods of ice advance in the southern tropical Andes generally were periods of positive water balance, as evidenced by deeper and fresher conditions in Lake Titicaca. Conversely, reduced glaciation occurred during periods of negative water balance and shallow closed-basin conditions in the lake. The apparent coincidence of positive water balance of Lake Titicaca and glacial growth in the adjacent Andes with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion implies that regional water balance and glacial mass balance are strongly influenced by global-scale temperature changes, as well as by precessional forcing of the South American summer monsoon.     

Successive subglacial depositional processes as interpreted from basal tills in the Lower Vistula valley (N Poland)

Three basal-till facies from the Lower Vistula valley were examined. The lowest facies, a sandy diamicton with characteristic sand inclusions forming detached and attenuated folds, is overlain by a bedded till characterized by alternating diamictons and sorted sediment layers. The uppermost till facies is a homogeneous diamicton.The three till facies must have been formed by complex subglacial sedimentary processes during the first Late Weichselian ice advance. The lowest till facies is interpreted as a deformation till, and accumulated during the initial stage of the ice advance. The middle facies represents a stagnation phase during the initial ice advance, and was deposited during recurrent periods of subglacial melt-out followed by meltwater sedimentation. The upper till facies was deposited by direct subglacial melt-out during a stage of stagnant ice.It is suggested that bed deformation and temporarily enhanced basal sliding have been caused by ice streaming at the time of the ice-sheet advance and just before its stagnation.     

考虑盾构掘进速度的隧道掘进面稳定性分析

隧道在低渗透性土壤中掘进,盾构掘进速度的改变将引起作用在掘进面上支护压力的显著变化。考虑盾构掘进速度以及土体的渗透系数的影响,通过伽辽金有限元法推导三维稳态渗流有限元方程,使用FORTRAN代码编制数值分析程序计算稳态地下水流条件下隧道掘进面附近水头分布。维持掘进面稳定极限支护压力由有效支护压力和渗透力共同构成,前者基于土体稳定的极限平衡理论计算结果,后者通过隧道掘进面附近水头分布推导得出。结果发现,低渗透性土层中进行隧道掘进,盾构掘进速度的改变对隧道掘进面附近水头分布产生很大影响,掘进速度的增加将引起作用在隧道掘进面上支护力的显著增加。理论分析结果与实验数据取得较好的一致,验证了该理论与方法的合理性和有效性。     

Timing and style of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Queer Shan,northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Glacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for the existence of two Late Pleistocene major glacial advances in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating results reveal that the two glacial advances occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in MIS 2, respectively. Geomorphic evidence shows that the glacial advance during MIS 3 was more extensive than that in MIS 2. This glacial advance is synchronous with other glaciated areas in the Himalaya and Tibet, but contrasts with global ice volumes that reached their maximum extent during the LGM. Glaciers in the Queer Shan are of the summer accumulation type and are mainly fed by precipitation from the south Asian monsoon. Palaeoclimate proxies show that during MIS 3 the south Asian monsoon strengthened and extended further north into the Tibetan Plateau to supply more precipitation as snow at high altitudes. This in turn led to positive glacier mass balances and caused glaciers to advance. However, during the LGM, despite cooler temperature than in MIS 3, the weakened south Asian monsoon and the associated reduced precipitation were not as favourable for glacier expansion as in MIS 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relative and radiocarbon chronology of two former glaciers in the Chilean Lake District

This paper investigates the relative importance of climatic and topographic factors on the fluctuations of two adjacent palaeoglaciers in the Chilean Lake District. Geomorphological mapping of the landforms around two lakes occupied by the palaeoglaciers has identified a series of intersecting moraine limits and ice-marginal meltwater channels, which allow the relative timing of glacier fluctuations to be established. The broad pattern of advance and retreat is the same in the two basins, with at least one synchronous major advance sometime after 19 500 yr BP, but there is also evidence of discordant behaviour, with one glacier advancing less often and lagging the other glacier during retreat. Seventeen radiocarbon dates suggest a similar chronology to other palaeoglaciers in the Chilean Lake District, but the advance after 19 500 yr BP may have been 1500 ¹⁴C yr later than major advances of palaeoglaciers situated immediately south. The empirical evidence of differential behaviour can be simulated by a glaciological model, which suggests that the differences in glacier response are due to contrasts in basin topography. Contrasts of this magnitude between the timing of some glacier advances has important implications for regional and interhemispheric correlation of Chilean Lake District glacier chronologies to other climate proxy records. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.