广西霜冻与北太平洋海温关系分析

根据月平均北太平洋海温资料集,应用相关、回归和逐步判别方法,分析了北太平洋海温对广西霜日、霜冻的影响,建立了海温对广西霜日及霜冻的影响模型.     

细心测霜及时服务

霜的形成原因与露相似 ,其主要区别是露为水珠 ,而霜为冰晶。因此 ,有霜时的贴地空气温度必须低于 0℃。植物体的温度降到 0℃以下时 ,其细胞会冻死或会降低其生理机能。东北区的气象台把日最低气温低于 2℃、0℃、-2℃作为轻霜冻、中等霜冻和严重霜冻的指标。初冬的无霜日数和春末终霜日与当地农业经济发展息息相关 ,是气象为农、林、牧、副、渔服务的重要指标之一。日常 ,人们将轻霜冻称为霜 ,而将中等以上强度的霜称为霜冻 ,但在记录中 ,均记为天气现象“ ]”。据统计 ,不少年份我国东北各省遭受霜冻灾害的农田均在几十万公顷以上。如 1 …     

广西霜日的气候变化特征及其与500 hPa位势高度的关系

在统计广西各站历年霜日总数、初霜、终霜日的基础上 ,分析了广西霜日的气候概况、气候变化特征及与 5 0 0 h Pa位势高度的关系。     

广西冬季霜冻的诊断模型

通过对广西历年霜冻异常偏重年的统计分析 ,确定广西霜冻异常重年的指标 ,找出广西霜冻的海温和大气环流因子 ,建立统计诊断模型及广西重霜冻年的概念预测模型     

作物霜冻与低温强度及冰核菌密度的关系

应用辐射型霜箱进行控制试验，研究玉米霜冻害程度与低温强度和冰核菌密度的关系。结果表明逻辑斯蒂克(logistic)方程只有在没有冰核菌或冰核菌密度很小的条件下才能描述霜冻与温度的关系，而理查兹(Richards)方程能够在各种冰核菌密度下很好地描述三者的关系。进而讨论了这种关系在确定霜冻指标，制作霜冻预报，选用防霜方法等方面的应用。     

霜冻及其预防

霜和霜冻的区别 人们往往把霜和霜冻看成一回事,其实它们是有区别的。 霜和露、冰、雪等一样,是一种天气现象。当近地面的温度下降到0℃以下时,空气中的水汽在地面或地面物体上凝结成白色疏松的冰晶,叫做霜。霜和露的形成原因一样,都是由于气温下降,使空气中水汽达到饱和而在地面或地面物体     

柳州市霜冻天气的气候特征分析及防御对策

利用柳州地面气象观测站1963~2007年地面气象观测资料,对柳州市霜冻天气的气候特征进行了分析。结果表明,45a间共有40a出现了霜冻,柳州市霜日数1月最多,12月次之。1996年后霜的初终间日数呈明显减小的趋势,初霜日推迟、终霜日提早、无霜期延长。     

贵港市霜冰中、短期预报业务系统

通过对霜出现的大尺度环流背景、成因和规律分析，确定出产生霜冰的天气学条件和影响系统关键区，在对各条件进行量化分析的基础上，利用ECMWF和T106数值预报产品，建立起一相对稳定的霜冻中、短期预报系统，制作霜冻预报。     

广西冬季霜冻的诊断模型

通过对广西历年霜冻异常偏重年的统计分析，确定广西霜冻异常重年的指标，找出广西霜冻的海温和大气环流因子，建立统计诊断模型及广西重冻年的概念预测模型。     

岐山地区的晚霜冻

一、岐山地区的晚霜冻由于地面温度降低到0℃以下,无论是否出现白霜,均可能使作物遭受冻害,因此在分析中以地面最低温度小于0℃的日期作为霜日,以春季地面最低温度小于0℃最后日期作为终霜日。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.