上京井田构造特征及其成因分析

利用井田勘探和矿井生产的地质资料，对上京井阳的构造特征进行了总结，认为该井田以褶皱为主，尤以翻卷褶曲为特征，并且其复杂的构造格局是在经受了多次构造运动而形成的，其形成过程可概括为四个阶段：含煤盆地形成阶段；Ⅰ级褶皱和辗掩断层形成阶段；Ⅱ、Ⅲ级褶皱和一系列正断层形成阶段；构造体系的叠加、改造和定型阶段。     

伸展盆地区断裂构造特征与成因

近十年来断裂构造研究进展迅速，研究思路发生了重大转变，强调应变与应力在断裂形成过程中的同等重要性。重点论述了断裂位移特征及影响因素，断裂位移在断层中部最大，端部最小至零，具有与断层规模无关的特征，但它受断裂分段、连接、近端过程等影响而发生变化。位移作为应变的结果，控制着横向褶皱的形成和分布、沉积中心的迁移(断裂单侧扩展时)或沉积位置不变但范围扩大(断裂双侧扩展时)以及沉积充填结构等。探讨了断裂三维几何形态分类及断裂形成与形态的控制因素：深部与浅部耦合(基底构造的活化与沉积盖层的响应)，建造与改造的耦合，边界条件与构造应力场，沉积压实和埋藏作用等。提出了断裂分级和组合规律，总体上伸展区断裂可分五级，一级控盆，二级控坳，三级控带，四级控圈，五级复杂化；不同级别的断裂三维组合规律可分为软连接组合和硬连接组合。伸展区断裂生长史可划分为成核、扩展、释压、连接、消亡和活化6个阶段。     

贵州省织金—纳雍煤田构造特征及其成因

织金—纳雍煤田主要发育NE、NW、EW及近SN向四组褶皱与断裂,其中以NE向最为发育。在早燕山期近EW向最大主应力作用下,黔中隆起及其邻区发生剧烈造山运动,在煤田东部边界形成向西逆冲的区域性大断裂—遵义断裂,并伴生一系列近NS向褶皱及断层。自东向西的强烈挤压使得垭都—紫云断裂带发生压剪性活动,在西部边界靠近断裂带形成一系列NW向褶皱及断层。随后主应力转变为SE—NW向,受到隆起的阻隔及纳雍—瓮安断裂、垭都—紫云断裂的限制,在煤田中部形成NE向褶皱及断层,此时奠定了织纳煤田的基本构造格局。晚燕山期将早期NE向构造左行剪切成"S"形,晚燕山期及喜马拉雅期主要表现为对早期构造的继承性发展。     

禹州梁北一号井田构造特征及成因分析

利用井田勘探资料及野外地质资料,分析了梁北一号井田构造特征,认为该井田以断层为主,具有镶嵌构造特征,井田的构造格局是多期构造运动综合作用、互相叠加的结果,喜马拉雅运动对井田构造格架的形成具有重要影响。井田内断层发育,与煤层赋存和开采有密切关系,一方面断层的发育破坏了煤层的连续性和完整性,给煤岩开采造成很大困难;另一方面断层的发育使得埋藏较深的煤层向上抬升,埋藏变浅,有利于开采,扩大了煤层开采的有效面积。     

尼日尔三角洲盆地泥收缩构造发育特征及对沉积的控制

泥收缩构造是发育在尼日尔三角洲盆地深水区的典型构造样式,属重力滑脱冲断构造,主要构造类型有冲断裂、塑性泥构造及相关褶皱和正断裂。基于地震地质解释,结合构造发育史分析,认为泥收缩构造主要受塑性泥构造控制,在中新世托尔托纳(Tortonian)晚期开始活动,中新世墨西拿期(Messinian)—上新世赞克勒期(Zanclean)达到最强,之后构造活动逐渐减弱,但至今仍在活动。通过古构造恢复,结合沉积展布分析,认为中新世托尔托纳晚期沉积开始受构造活动控制,托尔托纳阶上部及以上地层具有明显的同沉积特征,泥收缩构造相关的冲断裂上升盘厚度明显小于下降盘厚度,褶皱两翼的地层厚度明显厚于中间背斜顶部的地层厚度。     

四川盆地熊坡背斜构造特征及其成因机制

基于地震剖面解释、数字高程模型、历史地震、测年数据及钻孔等资料,分析了四川盆地熊坡背斜的构造特征、运动学特征及其成因机制。结果显示：(1)熊坡背斜与蒲江-新津断裂空间展布上具有较强的一致性,表现出断层传播褶皱模型,变形显著,缩短量为7.2 km,缩短率约为30％;(2)熊坡背斜隆起于(1.0±0.2) MaB.P.之后,且中更新世早期及晚更新世曾发生过强烈活动,使背斜两侧第四系厚度产生明显差异;(3)蒲江-新津断裂现今地震活动明显且小震频繁,曾有Ms=5.0～5.9的地震历史记录;(4)来自龙门山与扬子克拉通的挤压应力以及断层-滑脱作用是形成熊坡背斜的主要应力机制。熊坡背斜并非均匀应力下连续变形的产物,而是由于断裂活动时发生快速抬升而形成的。     

大兴安岭阿里河地区晚古生代花岗岩类成因与构造环境分析

花岗岩类地球化学特征和区域地质事件的综合分析结果表明，泥盆纪林南林场超单元、５８３高地单元、窟窿山河单元、阿里河单元均由Ｉ型和Ｓ型花岗岩组成，以Ｓ型花岗岩为主导，无论Ｉ型还是Ｓ型花岗岩均由地壳熔融所形成。５８３高地单元、窟窿山河单元形成于大陆弧构造环境；阿里河单元形成于际－陆碰掸构造环境。阿南超单元花岗岩类岩浆演化提供了谝我晚古生代板块从腐冲到碰掸的构造动力学信息。     

阿拉善弧形构造的磁场特征及成因探讨

本文用最新的区域性航磁资料阐述了阿拉善地区的弧形构造在磁场上的特征,根据磁场的表现形式及分布规律划分出九个正负异常带。文中讨论了基岩隆起带和基岩坳陷带的弧形分布特征,还讨论了该弧形构造的成因。     

峡江地区推、滑覆构造特征及成因机制探讨

通过对赣中峡江地区1：5万新干图幅区调资料的综合研究,在该区道 次提出了泥盆纪地层为外来推,滑覆体的观点,认为印支期泥盆系是由SW向NE推覆,燕山期再向SE伸展滑脱,以详实的野外第一性资料,着重阐述了推,滑覆构造特征,初步分析了其成因机制。     

二连盆地胜利煤田构造特征及成因机制

为研究二连盆地胜利煤田构造及成因问题,以野外地质调查及煤田地质资料分析为基础,结合前人研究成果,分析研究区构造及其演化。结果表明：早白垩世以来,位于西伯利亚板块与欧亚板块缝合带之上的胜利煤田在早期基底断裂的基础上,受东部太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的影响,主要经历了伸展断陷、压扭变形和抬升剥蚀三期次级构造运动,形成了NE向边界断层控制下的压扭成因的NW向高角度正断层与NE向帚状构造的组合;其构造演化主要分为3个阶段,分别为阿尔善期的缓慢裂陷阶段、腾格尔和都红木期加速裂陷-快速裂陷阶段、赛罕塔拉期进入缓慢裂陷-终止裂陷阶段,研究区在此基础上发育的聚煤盆地。     

Coupled ‘storm‐flood’ depositional model: Application to the Miocene–Modern Baram Delta Province,north‐west Borneo

The Miocene to Modern Baram Delta Province is a highly efficient source to sink system that has accumulated 9 to 12 km of coastal–deltaic to shelf sediments over the past 15 Myr. Facies analysis based on ca 1 km of total vertical outcrop stratigraphy, combined with subsurface geology and sedimentary processes in the present‐day Baram Delta Province, suggests a ‘storm‐flood’ depositional model comprising two distinct periods: (i) fair‐weather periods are dominated by alongshore sediment reworking and coastal sand accumulation; and (ii) monsoon‐driven storm periods are characterized by increased wave‐energy and offshore‐directed downwelling storm flow that occur simultaneously with peak fluvial discharge caused by storm precipitation (‘storm‐floods’). The modern equivalent environment has the following characteristics: (i) humid‐tropical monsoonal climate; (ii) narrow (ca <100 km) and steep (ca 1°), densely vegetated, coastal plain; (iii) deep tropical weathering of a mudstone‐dominated hinterland; (iv) multiple independent, small to moderate‐sized (10² to 10⁵ km²) drainage basins; (v) predominance of river‐mouth bypassing; and (vi) supply‐dominated shelf. The ancient, proximal part of this system (the onshore Belait Formation) is dominated by strongly cyclical sandier‐upward successions (metre to decametre‐scale) comprising (from bottom to top): (i) finely laminated mudstone with millimetre‐scale silty laminae; (ii) heterolithic sandstone–mudstone alternations (centimetre to metre‐scale); and (iii) sharp‐based, swaley cross‐stratified sandstone beds and bedsets (metre to decimetre‐scale). Gutter casts (decimetre to metre‐scale) are widespread, they are filled with swaley cross‐stratified sandstone and their long axes are oriented perpendicular to the palaeo‐shoreline. The gutter casts and other associated waning‐flow event beds suggest that erosion and deposition was controlled by high‐energy, offshore‐directed, oscillatory‐dominated, sediment‐laden combined flows within a shoreface to delta front setting. The presence of multiple river mouths and exceptionally high rates of accommodation creation (characteristic of the Neogene to Recent Baram Delta Province; up to 3000 m Ma⁻¹), in a ‘storm‐flood’‐dominated environment, resulted in a highly efficient and effective offshore‐directed sediment transport system.     

Architecture and preservation in the fluvial to marine transition zone of a mixed-process humid-tropical delta: Middle Miocene Lambir Formation,Baram Delta Province,north-west Borneo

The interaction of river and marine processes in the fluvial to marine transition zone fundamentally impacts delta plain morphology and sedimentary dynamics. This study aims to improve existing models of the facies distribution, stratigraphic architecture and preservation in the fluvial to marine transition zone of mixed-process deltas, using a comprehensive sedimentological and stratigraphic dataset from the Middle Miocene Lambir Formation, Baram Delta Province, north-west Borneo. Eleven facies associations are identified and interpreted to preserve the interaction of fluvial and marine processes in a mixed-energy delta, where fluvial, wave and tidal processes display spatially and temporally variable interactions. Stratigraphic successions in axial areas associated with active distributary channels are sandstone-rich, comprising fluvial-dominated and wave-dominated units. Successions in lateral areas, which lack active distributary channels, are mudstone-rich, comprising fluvial-dominated, tide-dominated and wave-dominated units, including mangrove swamps. Widespread mudstone preservation in axial and lateral areas suggests well-developed turbidity maximum zones, a consequence of high suspended-sediment concentrations resulting from tropical weathering of a mudstone-rich hinterland. Within the fluvial to marine transition zone of distributary channels, interpreted proximal–distal sedimentological and stratigraphic trends suggest: (i) a proximal fluvial-dominated, tide-influenced subzone; (ii) a distal fluvial-dominated to wave-dominated subzone; and (iii) a conspicuously absent tide-dominated subzone. Lateral areas preserve a more diverse spectrum of facies and stratigraphic elements reflecting combined storm, tidal and subordinate river processes. During coupled storm and river floods, fluvial processes dominated the fluvial to marine transition zone along major and minor distributary channels and channel mouths, causing significant overprinting of preceding interflood deposits. Despite interpreted fluvial–tidal channel units and mangrove influence implying tidal processes, there is a paucity of unequivocal tidal indicators (for example, cyclical heterolithic layering). This suggests that process preservation in the fluvial to marine transition zone preserved in the Lambir Formation primarily records episodic (flashy) river discharge, river flood and storm overprinting of tidal processes, and possible backwater dynamics.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛北地区百口泉组扇三角洲沉积模式

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠纪-三叠纪强烈的同生断裂活动和逆冲推覆构造使西北缘三叠系为大型内陆坳陷湖盆沉积, 发育多级坡折, 大型坳陷湖盆坡折带控制了玛北地区扇体的发育。通过岩芯、铸体薄片及测井资料, 结合地层超覆叠置、岩性纵向组合及砂体的展布分析可知玛北地区三叠系百口泉组发育典型的扇三角洲沉积, 根据沉积相标志和扇三角洲内部成因沉积单元的精细刻画, 识别出3种亚相和11种微相:即扇三角洲平原亚相的水上泥石流砾岩微相、辫状河道砂砾岩微相、平原河道间砂泥岩微相;扇三角洲前缘亚相的水下主河道砾岩微相、水下河道砂砾岩微相、水下泥石流砂砾岩微相、水下河道间砂泥岩微相、水下河道末端砂岩微相、河口坝-远砂坝砂岩微相;前扇三角洲亚相的前扇三角洲粉砂岩微相和前扇三角洲泥岩微相。玛北地区三叠系是在湖侵背景下多级坡折控制的扇体, 扇三角洲是重力流与牵引流综合沉积作用的结果, 向北东物源方向呈退积沉积, 是一种典型的湖侵退积型扇三角洲。     

Reservoir Characteristics of Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks in Saline Lakes in the Cenozoic Upper Ganchaigou Formation, Southwestern Qaidam Basin, NW China

Cenozoic fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the southwestern Qaidam Basin, as typical salinized lacustrine sediments, are significantly different from those in other freshwater lakes under the impact of the high salinity in the lake. Many fine-grained sedimentary rock samples were selected from the lower member of Neogene (N1) in the Gaskule Oilfield, Qaidam Basin, northwest China, with the aim to analyze and test their petrology, pore structure, and organic geochemical characteristics and determine its genesis and geological significance. Based on previous results, a new genesis of mixed sedimentary rocks is proposed. The Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin belong to mixed sedimentary rocks, which can be divided into three types, including carbonate and terrigenous clastic-bearing mudstone, carbonate-bearing to terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks, and carbonate-terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks. The geneses of mixing are quite different from that of mixed marine rocks. According to the sedimentary characteristics of the salinized lakes, three new geneses of mixed deposits are proposed: syn-sedimentary mixing, varve interbedded mixing, and biogenic mixing. The reservoir spaces of the Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin include residual intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores, microfractures, and minor dissolved pores. The reservoirs have super-low porosity and ultra-low permeability, with a porosity of 1.82%–21.04%, averaging 7.71%, and permeability of (0.0028–254.86) × 10?3 μm2, averaging 2.82 × 10?3 μm2. The test results of total organic carbon (TOC) content show that the highest content of organic carbon reached 1.41%, and those of vitrinite reflectance show that Ro ranges from 0.525%–0.824%, with an average of 0.806%. The organic geochemical characteristics show that the fine-grained mixed sedimentary rocks of SW Qaidam Basin have the potential for self-generation and self-storage. As an unconventional reservoir, it has potential industrial value. This is the first study of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Qaidam Basin, which offers certain theoretical and practical values.     

Electromagnetic and geoelectric investigation of the Gurinai Structure, Inner Mongolia, NW China

In three field campaigns between the years 2000 and 2004 geophysical measurements were conducted in the Ejina Basin, NW China. Research work in the year 2004, which is described in this paper, was concentrated on the Gurinai Structure (101°25′E, 41°N) situated in the southeastern part of the Ejina Basin in transition to the dune fields of the Badain Jaran Shamo. On satellite images the Gurinai Structure can be identified by two almost 100 km long, subparallel, N–S-striking lineaments, which may indicate tectonic deformations of late Quaternary sediments. To get a coherent picture of the structure a geophysical survey employing three electromagnetic methods – magnetotellurics (MT), transient electromagnetics (TEM), and geoelectrics (DC) – has been conducted to map the subsurface resistivity at different depth scales.The geophysical data interpretation for shallow and intermediate depth down to a few hundred meters links the subsurface distribution of electric resistivity to geomorphological units known from field work in reference with satellite images. The westerly lineament of the Gurinai Structure coincides with a subvertical change in electric resistivity. Together with geomorphological indications from fieldwork and the analysis of elevation data (SRTM), a tectonic deformation of unconsolidated sediments along a fault with an extensional component is interpreted. In the central and eastern part of the Gurinai Structure a shallow resistive subsurface layer can be traced into the first dunes of the Badain Jaran Shamo. This resistive subsurface layer is linked to the presence of fresh water, indicating infiltration from the dune field. Also, in the eastern part of the Gurinai Structure a resistive, approximately ENE-striking feature can be seen at intermediate depth, which is interpreted as a crystalline basement ridge. Towards the southern margin of the Gurinai Structure a trough-shaped unit with low resistivities and a thickness of about 1 km is identified and can be explained by a sediment package saturated with fluids of high salinity or substantial amounts of clay. The strike direction of the structure can be connected to the regional pattern of tectonic faults and seismicity.The interpretation of electromagnetic data at various depth scales contributes to the general understanding of the Ejina Basin's buildup and tectonic setting in the vicinity of the Gurinai Structure.     

浅析贵州册亨县百地金矿构造特征及形成机制

从矿区（床）级别的构造尺度入手,通过总结分析,认为矿区由一个小型帚状构造及一个小型反S型构造组成,并对其形成机制进行了浅析。     

黔中隆起的形成时间及形成机制探讨

黔中隆起经历了水下和陆上两个发育阶段;都匀运动是这一发育转变的成因。问题的焦点是水下隆起的开始时间和都匀运动发生的具体时间。根据沉积相研究,受郁南运动控制,黔中隆起在下奥陶统桐梓组沉积期间已具雏形。对贵阳乌当发现的珊瑚化石Plasmoporella、Heliolites、Amsassia等重新厘定后认为黔中隆起大规模露出水面的时间为晚奥陶世五峰组沉积期结束之时,这也是都匀运动发生的时间。都匀运动本身,受到自南而北方向的滇桂—北越地块的挤压和南东—北西方向的加里东造山运动的挤压,因此在黔中及周缘地区形成了以黔中背斜、乌当—二比向斜为代表的东西向构造和以麻江背斜为代表的南北向构造并存的地质现象。     

贵州省六枝新华煤矿区上二叠统含煤岩系及煤质特征

贵州六枝特区新华煤矿上二叠统含煤岩系属于一套海陆交互相含煤建造。本文通过区域地质构造、地层背景及地球物理资料分析,探讨了该区含煤岩系基本特征、煤岩特征及煤的化学性质,认为该区煤质属于低-中灰,中-高硫煤,高-特高热值。通过脱硫处理,该区煤可满足电厂锅炉用煤之要求。     

Geochemistry of Neogene sedimentary rocks from Borneo Basin,East Malaysia: Paleo-weathering,provenance and tectonic setting

Multi-element geochemistry and mineralogy are used to characterize the chemical composition, degree of paleo-weathering, provenance and tectonic settings of the Neogene sedimentary rocks of Borneo Basin of east Malaysia. Sedimentary rocks are classified as extremely weathered sandstones (i.e. wacke, arkose, litharenite, Fe-sandstone and quartz arenite). Wacke, arkose, litharenite and Fe-sandstone are characterized by post-depositional K-metasomatism and zircon enrichment through sediment recycling. Geochemical characteristics suggest a mixed-nature provenance for the sandstones and the variable tectonic settings possibly mirror the complexity of the basin. Enriched Cr in quartz arenite and Fe-sandstone are related to the contribution from ophiolite or fractionation of Cr-bearing minerals.