华北晚中生代和新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶来源及其对寄主岩岩浆过程的制约:以莒南和鹤壁为例

本文对华北克拉通晚中生代和新生代碱性玄武质岩石中的单斜辉石巨晶进行了主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素的综合研究,发现晚中生代和新生代单斜辉石巨晶存在明显的主、微量元素和同位素组成上的差异.新生代单斜辉石巨晶有Al-普通辉石和次透辉石两类;而中生代单斜辉石巨晶只有Al-普通辉石.新生代单斜辉石SiO2含量高、REE配分型式为上凸型、LILE和放射性元素含量高,并具有比寄主碱性玄武岩更亏损的Sr和Nd同位素组成;而中生代单斜辉石SiO2含量低、REE配分型式为LREE富集型、LILE和部分HFSE以及放射性元素含量低,并具有比寄主碱性玄武岩稍富集的Sr和Nd同位素组成;巨晶的结构、矿物成分和地球化学特征,以及Mg-Fe在熔体与单斜辉石间的分配状况皆说明,新生代碱性玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶是碱性玄武岩浆在高压下结晶的,因此二者是同源的;而中生代单斜辉石巨晶是被寄主岩浆偶然捕获的捕虏晶,是不同源的.华北新生代单斜辉石巨晶存在于碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩中,它们具有比寄主碱性玄武岩更亏损的Sr和Nd同位素组成,说明即使是碱性玄武岩也不能完全代表软流圈来源的原始岩浆,其在上升过程中或多或少存在同位素组成富集的物质的混入.同时,拉斑玄武岩不是碱性玄武质岩浆直接结晶分异的产物,亦不是完全由部分熔融程度的不同造成的.拉斑玄武岩中存在岩石圈地幔物质的贡献或是岩浆房内碱性玄武质岩浆受地壳混染作用的结果.     

Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton,central China:Implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group are situated in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Research on the Xiong er Group is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the NCC and the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic.In this study,to constrain the age of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks and identify its tectonic environment,we report zircon LA-ICP-MS data with Hf isotope,whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group.The Xiong'er volcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite,andesite.dacite and rhyolite,with minor basalt.Our new sets of data combined with those from previous studies indicate that Xiong'er volcanism should have lasted from 1827 Ma to 1746 Ma as the major phase of the volcanism.These volcanics have extremely low MgO.Cr and Ni contents,are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti),similar to arc-related volcanic rocks.They are characterized by negative zircon ε_(Hf)_(t) values of-17.4 to 8.8,whole-rock initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of 0.7023 to 0.7177 andε_(Nd)(t) values of-10.9 to 6.4.and Pb isotopes(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb =14.366-16.431,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.106-15.371,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 32.455-37.422).The available elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data suggest that the Xiong'er volcanic rocks were sourced from a mantle contaminated by continental crust.The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group might have been generated by high-degree partial melting of a lithospheric mantle that was originally modified by oceanic subduction in the Archean.Thus,we suggest that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle occurred in an extensional setting during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the Late Paleoproterozoic,rather than in an arc setting.     

华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素地球化学：岩石圈地幔富集的证据

华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩主要分布在燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽吉拗拉谷中及附近,为一套高碱高钾的基性-中性岩,以正长岩类为主。本文通过开展系统的 Nd、Sr、Pb 同位素研究,发现所有岩体岩石均以高负ε_(Nd)(t)为特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.4～-7.5,平均值为～4.8,这与研究区古-中元古代基性-超基性岩石的 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4～-8) 一致,与燕辽裂堑系发育的偏碱性火山岩 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4.3～-8.9)也比较相似,表明它们的物质来源相似,都与富集地幔有关。Sr 同位素初始比值(~(87)St/~(86)Sr)_i比较低,主要变化在0.7028～0.7053之间,平均值为0.7041。钾长石铅同位素组成普遍较低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值变化范围(梁屯-矿洞沟岩体除外)分别为14.500～15.70l、14.887～15.150和34.178～36.537,平均值分别为14.968、14.984和35.057。在ε_(Nd)(t)-ε_(Sr)(t)图解上,所有岩体的投影点均在地幔演化趋势线附近,比较接近 EMI 型富集地幔端员,暗示它们的物质来源与 EMI 型富集地幔有关;钾长石 Pb 同位素模式图也说明这些岩体物质来源与地幔和下地壳有关。通过两端员混合模拟,揭示了岩浆演化过程中存在少量的下地壳物质混染,平均约14%左右。从2.5Ga 左右开始华北克拉通岩石圈地幔的亏损程度逐渐变小,在2.2Ga 左右局部呈现富集性特征,1.85Ga时整个岩石圈地幔已经完全转变为富集性,之后富集程度越来越高。推测早期俯冲携带的壳源物质以及后期地幔流体的交代作用可能是岩石圈地幔逐渐转变为富集性的原因。     

冀东新太古代晚期界岭口闪长岩成因:U-Pb-Nd-Hf-O同位素研究

本文报道了华北克拉通东部冀东地区界岭口闪长岩及其中基性岩包体的锆石定年结果和地球化学组成。界岭口闪长岩是华北克拉通规模最大的太古宙闪长质侵入体,总面积约650km2。界岭口闪长岩由闪长岩和石英闪长岩组成,两者渐变过渡。在界岭口闪长岩中存在基性岩包体,包括辉绿岩、细粒辉长岩和辉长岩,一些基性岩包体边部存在冷凝边。石英闪长岩和细粒辉长岩包体的岩浆锆石年龄分别为2533±5Ma和2534±8Ma。闪长岩和石英闪长岩元素组成类似(13个样品),主要区别是后者SiO_2相对较高一些。它们稀土总量较高(TREE=93. 0×10~(-6)~234. 2×10~(-6)),轻重稀土分异程度不强((La/Yb)N=10. 4～23. 9),无明显铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0. 80～1. 05)。在MORB标准化的微量元素图解上,大离子亲石元素相对富集,高场强元素相对亏损。全岩εNd(t)和tDM1(Nd)分别为-1. 20～2. 13和2. 73～2. 95Ga(7个样品),岩浆锆石εHf(t)和tDM1(Hf)分别为1. 66～4. 37和2. 60～2. 78Ga(13个数据点),δ~(18)O值为5. 00‰～6. 83‰(13个数据点)。相对于闪长岩-石英闪长岩,基性岩包体(3个样品)的MgO和CaO含量明显增高。岩石稀土总量偏低(TREE=82. 4×10~(-6)～155. 7×10~(-6)),轻重稀土分离不强((La/Yb)N=3. 3～6. 0),出现较弱的负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0. 71～0. 88),在MORB标准化的微量元素图解上,大离子亲石元素相对富集,高场强元素相对亏损。全岩εNd(t)和tDM1(Nd)分别为-0. 70和2. 97Ga(1个样品),岩浆锆石εHf(t)和tDM1(Hf)分别为0. 52～4. 72和2. 66～2. 82Ga(16个数据点),δ~(18)O值为4. 88‰～6. 72‰(13个数据点)。结合前人研究,可得出如下结论:1)界岭口闪长岩是基性岩浆结晶分异和陆壳物质影响双重作用的产物,而陆壳物质参与可能起了更重要的作用; 2)界岭口闪长岩形成于新太古代晚期总体上仍处于挤压的岛弧构造环境; 3)在华北克拉通,至少一部分具有中太古代晚期-新太古代早期Nd-Hf模式年龄的新太古代晚期TTG岩石形成与新太古代晚期富集地幔添加有关或是新太古代晚期亏损地幔添加与陆壳物质影响共同作用的结果。     

华北克拉通北缘晚中生代火山岩

辽宁西部广泛分布着晚中生代火山岩，横跨华北克拉通和兴－蒙造山带两大构造单元，一般认为它们是以在这一地区发育的两条主要断裂－西拉木伦河断裂和赤峰－开源断裂为界。这些火山作用曾被认为是中生代伊泽奈崎板块西向或西北向消减作用的结果。在岩性上它们主要以中酸性岩石为主，玄武岩等中基性岩石较少。为查明下伏岩石圈对这些岩浆作用成因的影响，对其中的SiO2含量＜60％的中基性火山岩进行了详细的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。结果显示，以西拉木伦河断裂和赤峰－开源断裂两侧为界，两侧火山岩的同位素特征存在显著区别。南区有明显的EMI特征并具EMI－PM混合趋势，而北区则显示了原始或略亏损的特征。南北两区之间的过渡带（介于西拉木伦河断裂和赤峰－开源断裂之间）则表现了同位素组成上相应的过渡特征。这一地球化学观测与已有的地质和地球物理资料颇为吻合。基于新生代幔源岩石化学反演的中国东部陆下地幔化学区划研究揭示了克拉通下（subcratonic)岩石圈地幔与EMI存在密切关系。本研究所提供的地球化学证据说明了采用中生代中基性在作为类似研究途径的可行性，并进一步提出对华北克拉通边缘中生代火山作用成因另一种可能的解释，即古消减带物质的活化有可能对华北北缘火山岩源区物质组成产生重要影响。     

山东昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩中的巨晶单斜辉石成因研究

山东昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩中除斑晶单斜辉石和基质单斜辉石外,还发育大量巨晶单斜辉石和同源斜方辉石捕掳晶。巨晶单斜辉石与玄武岩间发育复杂和简单两种类型的反应边。复杂反应边往往发育在颗粒较大的巨晶单斜辉石外围。复杂反应边可分为4个带：内部带、过渡带、外部带和边缘带,其中,内部带、过渡带和外部带均由具不同结构特征的单斜辉石＋熔体＋金属氧化物构成,边缘带为不含熔体和金属氧化物的干净的单斜辉石;内部带的单斜辉石具梳状构造,过渡带的单斜辉石具细密筛孔构造,外部带为具似砂钟构造的筛孔状单斜辉石。反应边中单斜辉石、熔体及金属氧化物的成分显示,只有内部带受到单斜辉石巨晶的影响,其余带均受玄武岩浆的制约。简单反应边往往发育在颗粒较小的巨晶单斜辉石外围。简单反应边仅发育不含熔体和金属氧化物的干净的单斜辉石。巨晶单斜辉石的反应边是巨晶与玄武岩浆间温度差造成的。在与玄武岩浆反应的过程中,大颗粒的单斜辉石巨晶需要较长的时间与玄武岩浆达到温度平衡,从而有足够的时间发育包含4个带的复杂反应边;反之,由于缺乏足够的反应时间,小颗粒单斜辉石巨晶的外围只发育不含熔体和金属氧化物的简单反应边。同源斜方辉石捕掳晶的成分与地幔二辉橄榄岩包体中的斜方辉石类似,其边部发育类似于Bowen反应（1956）形成的单斜辉石环边。在单斜辉石Al^IV-Al^VI图解上,巨晶单斜辉石、二辉橄榄岩包体中的单斜辉石以及部分单斜辉石斑晶的核部,均位于较高压力的“麻粒岩和玄武岩中包体”区域,反应边中单斜辉石、基质单斜辉石以及绝大部分斑晶单斜辉石位于“火成岩”区域,说明部分斑晶单斜辉石核部来源于地幔二辉橄榄岩,属于捕掳晶。结合单斜辉石结晶压力的估算,笔者认为巨晶单斜辉石的成因模式为：来自软流圈的碱质基性熔体上侵到地幔岩石圈下部,结晶形成单斜辉石巨晶,后来该熔体携带巨晶单斜辉石与来自上地幔岩石圈、夹带大量二辉橄榄岩包体以及斜方辉石（和单斜辉石）捕掳晶的玄武岩浆混合,巨晶单斜辉石随混合后的碱性玄武岩浆上升、喷出地表。     

华北克拉通北缘中段二叠纪苏吉火山岩及其形成机制

本文报道了集宁北部商都县西井子镇一带苏吉火山岩的岩石学、地球化学、锆石年代学及Hf同位素组成。锆石定年显示,苏吉火山岩形成于早-中二叠世(267±2Ma、272±2Ma和270±3Ma)。研究区内的苏吉火山岩为一套酸性火山岩组合,SiO_2、Al_2O_3含量较高并具有极低的Mg#;其轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti明显亏损。苏吉火山岩的锆石εHf(t)呈较高的负值(-17.3~-5.9)并具有相当古老的Hf二阶段模式年龄(1667~2386Ma),指示它们的原始岩浆主要源自古老地壳物质的部分熔融。系统的地质填图显示,华北克拉通北缘中段存在一条数百千米的晩古生代火山岩带。苏吉火山岩的形成可能与古亚洲洋向华北克拉通俯冲有关,当时华北克拉通北缘存在一个安第斯型活动大陆边缘。     

超高温变质作用：以华北内蒙古土贵乌拉地区为例

超高温麻粒岩(富Mg-Al)是指温度高于900℃、压力为0.7~1.3GPa条件下形成的麻粒岩相变质岩,它记录了下地壳超高温极端变质作用的地质信息。富Mg-Al典型超高温矿物组合有:假蓝宝石+石英,尖晶石+石英,大隅石+石榴石,斜方辉石+夕线石+石英,高氟黑云母和钙镁闪石,刚玉+石英。目前世界上发现的超高温麻粒岩带(块)地区有非洲阿尔及利亚、南非、东南极、巴西中部、澳大利亚中部、印度南部和东南部等地。我们在华北克拉通北部内蒙古中南部地区孔兹岩区中发现了超高温麻粒岩,岩性主要为灰黑色条带状夕线石榴黑云片麻岩,其中含有尖晶石+石英、假蓝宝石+石英、斜方辉石+夕线石+石英以及刚玉+尖晶石+石榴石等超高温矿物组合,指示温度达1000℃,压力超过1.0GPa的变质作用。独居石定年获得了(1927±11)Ma以及(1819±11)Ma两个峰期年龄,代表变质年龄。华北克拉通北部超高温麻粒岩的发现对研究华北克拉通与哥伦比亚超大陆的演化关系有重要意义。     

华北克拉通太古宙TTG岩石的时空分布、组成特征及形成演化:综述

华北克拉通具有3.8Ga以上的演化历史,TTG是其地质记录的最重要载体。华北克拉通太古宙(特别是中太古代以前)地质演化在很大程度上与TTG岩石密切相关。在华北克拉通,始太古代(3.6~4.0Ga)TTG岩石仅在鞍本地区被发现,但冀东地区已在多种变质碎屑沉积岩中发现大量3.6~3.88Ga碎屑锆石;古太古代(3.2~3.6Ga)TTG岩石在鞍本、冀东、信阳地区被识别出来;中太古代(2.8~3.2Ga)TTG岩石在鞍本、冀东、胶东、鲁山等地存在;可把新太古代(2.5~2.8Ga)进一步划分为早期和晚期两个阶段:新太古代早期(2.6~2.8Ga)TTG岩石已在10余个地区被发现,新太古代晚期(2.5~2.6Ga)TTG岩石几乎在每一个太古宙基底岩石出露区都存在。野外地质、锆石定年、元素地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素组成研究表明,中太古代以前TTG岩石局部存在,主要分布于Wan et al.(2015)所划分的三个古陆块中;新太古代TTG岩石广泛分布,是陆壳增生最重要时期岩浆作用的产物。TTG岩石类型随时代变化,3.1~3.8Ga和2.7~2.9Ga TTG岩石分别主要为奥长花岗岩和英云闪长岩;2.5~2.6Ga期间花岗闪长岩大规模出现,并有壳源花岗岩广泛分布,表明这时陆壳已有相当的成熟度。奥长花岗岩轻重稀土分异程度从弱到强的时间出现在~3.3Ga;2.5~3.3Ga的TTG岩石轻重稀土分异程度变化很大,表明其形成条件存在很大差异。TTG岩石主要为新生地壳,但也有相当部分为壳内再循环产物或形成过程中受到陆壳物质影响。华北克拉通中太古代以前的主要构造机制是板底垫托或地幔翻转作用,新太古代晚期板块构造体制可能已起作用。     

华北地幔橄榄岩锂同位素研究进展

作为非传统稳定同位素的代表,Li同位素已被广泛应用于示踪与熔体和流体相关的地质过程。地幔橄榄岩高度不均一的Li含量和Li同位素组成特征是熔/流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用过程中同位素分馏作用及温度下降过程中Li在矿物之间扩散分馏的结果,同位素扩散现象通常被矿物颗粒边部的组成特征所记录。由于Li在橄榄石中的扩散速度比在辉石中慢,所以大颗粒橄榄石核部的Li含量和同位素组成更能反映岩石圈地幔的组成,而辉石的组成特征更多地记录了后期的过程。大量地幔捕虏体的锂同位素组成特征研究表明,华北克拉通岩石圈地幔经历了蚀变洋壳在俯冲过程中、残留俯冲板片在深部地幔、以及上涌的软流圈所释放的不同组成的熔/流体的改造过程。由于改造作用的多阶段性和改造程度的不同,华北克拉通东部与中部地幔橄榄岩的组成特征具有系统性的差异。Li同位素与其他地球化学指标的联合示踪是未来地幔地球化学研究的发展趋势。

     

Eastern Ancient Terrane of the North China Craton

Based on the spatial distribution of ancient rocks and zircons, three ancient terranes older than ca. 2.6 Ga have recently been identified in the North China Craton, namely the Eastern, Southern, and Central Ancient Terranes. The Eastern Ancient Terrane is the best studied and understood of the three ancient terranes. It has a long geological history back to ca. 3.8 Ga ago and includes the areas of Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, eastern Shandong and western Shandong. In Anshan-Benxi, several different types of 3.8 Ga rocks were discovered together with 3.1-3.7 Ga rocks, whereas 2.9-3.0 Ga K-rich granites and 2.5 Ga syenogranite occur on larger scales. In eastern Hebei, 3.0-3.4 Ga rocks and older detrital and xenocrystic zircons were identified. In eastern Shandong, there are a large volumes of 2.7 Ga and 2.9 Ga rocks. In western Shandong, early Neoarchean(2.6-2.7 Ga) intrusive and supracrustal rocks are widely distributed. Whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotope data suggest that both mantle additions and crustal recycling played important roles within the Eastern Ancient Terrane during almost every tectono-magmatic event. Most BIFs in the North China Craton are late Neoarchean in age and are distributed on continental crust along the western margin of the Eastern Ancient Terrane, probably suggesting that a stable environment was one of the key factors for the formation of large-scale BIFs.     

Trace Elements and Sr, Nd Isotope Geochemistry of the Lajimiao Norite-Gabbro from the North Qinling Belt

The Lajimiao norite-gabbro complex, as a part of the ophiolites on the southern side of the North Qinling belt, consists of gabbro and norite-gabbro. They were derived from different magma series: the gabbro was derived from tholeiitic magma series with higher TiO2, REE abundance and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio ; norite-gabbro was derived from calc-alkali magma series with lower TiO2, Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and REE abundance and much lower HREE abundance, which suggests that the source of the norite-gabbro magma was deeper and controlled by eclogite facies. Geochemical characteristics of both plutonic rocks are similar to those of island-arc basalts, such as relatively high contents of Ba, Pb and Sr and relatively low contents of Nb, Zr and N j.The Sr, Nd isotopic characteristics of the Lajimiao norite-gabbro complex are similar to those of ophiolites. Its εNd values are constant, about+2; whereas εst values have wide variation from - 6.4 to +31.2 and positively correlate with Na2O, H2O+ and CO2 contents and the Fe3+/Fe     

华北克拉通古元古代构造事件

本文讨论了华北克拉通的古元古代表壳岩系、高压麻粒岩和孔兹岩系的若干问题,提出了(1)华北克拉通在约2500Ma太古宙结束时已基本形成.在2300Ma之前处于相对稳定的构造环境;(2)2300～1950Ma期间,华北克拉通经历了一次基底陆块的拉伸-破裂事件,在克拉通内部发育了晋豫、胶辽裂陷盆地和丰镇陆内凹陷盆地;(3)约1900Ma期间,有地幔上涌并伴随辉长岩浆的底侵作用,引起大青山-丰镇地区的超高温变质作用.底侵的辉长岩浆作为岩体和岩墙在下地壳就位,并发生高压麻粒岩相变质作用;(4)约1850Ma期间,华北克拉通经历了一次挤压构造事件,导致了裂陷盆地的闭合和焊接,形成晋豫和胶辽两个类似于现代陆.陆碰撞型的造山带;(5)在华北克拉通的北缘,华北克拉通可能与其北部的另一古老陆块或岛弧拼合,其拼合带应位于白云鄂博以北.现在已残缺不全.孔兹岩系可能代表了平行于北缘造山带的一条构造带.与北部造山带的俯冲碰撞相关的陆内深部逆掩造成了麻粒岩相岩石的形成和抬升;(6)白云鄂博群、化德群和渣尔泰(-狼山)群是与长城系相同时期发育的被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地;(7)1850～1700Ma期间,华北克拉通进入伸展构造体制,导致基底抬升,产生裂陷槽、基性岩墙群和非造山岩浆活动.     

华北克拉通及邻区孔兹岩系的时代及对太古宙基底组成的制约

根据地质、地球化学和Nd同位素研究 ,华北克拉通及邻区孔兹岩系主要形成于古元古代。笔者对孔兹岩系变泥沙质岩石进行了地球化学统计性研究。它们普遍高K2 O低Na2 O ,具有重稀土部分呈平坦型 ,轻重稀土分离较弱 ,存在较强负铕异常的稀土模式。在岩石/MORB -元素图解上 ,除Nb、P、Ti相对亏损外 ,还存在明显的负钡异常。具高成熟度的泥沙质岩石tDM和ΣNd( 2 .3Ga)变化范围分别为 2 .30～ 3.2 4Ga和 - 4 .77± 5.11。孔兹岩系形成于太古宙之后 ,与其主体由泥沙质岩石组成 ,并且需要有一个广泛出露、高成熟度陆壳基底物源区的认识相吻合。在考虑泥沙质岩石组成受源区组成和作用过程双重制约的情况下 ,给出了华北克拉通太古宙基底组成的估计值。它们与Taylor等 ( 1985)给出的太古宙上部地壳组成估计值存在较大区别     

Isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the Niujuan silver deposit,northern North China Craton: Implications for magmatism and metallogeny in an extensional tectonic setting

The Niujuan breccia-type silver deposit forms part of the North Hebei metallogenic belt along the northern margin of the North China Craton. The Hercynian Baiyingou coarse-grained granite and the Yanshanian Er’daogou fine-grained granite are the major Mesozoic intrusions exposed in this region. Here we investigate the salient characteristics of the mineralization and evaluate its genesis through zircon U-Pb and fluorite Sm-Nd age data, and Pb, S, O, H, He and Ar isotope data. The orebodies of the Niujuan silver deposit are hosted in breccias, which contain angular fragments of the Baiyingou and Er’daogou granitoids. The δ³⁴S values of pyrite from the silver mineralized veins range from 2.4‰ to 5.3‰. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of the sulfide minerals show ranges of 16.837–16.932, 15.420–15.501 and 37.599–37.950, respectively. The ³He/⁴He and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of the fluids trapped in pyrite are 0.921–4.81Ra and 299.34–303.84, respectively. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁸D_w values of the ore-forming fluids range from 0.6‰ to −4.15‰ and from −119.4‰ to −98.7‰, respectively. Our isotopic data suggest that the ore-forming fluids were originally derived from the subvolcanic plutons and evolved into a mixture of magmatic and meteoric water during the main hydrothermal stage. The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the lower crust with limited incorporation of mantle materials. The emplacement time of the Er’daogou granite is constrained by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology at 145.5 ± 2.1 Ma. Five fluorite samples from the last hydrothermal stage yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 139.2 ± 3.8 Ma, indicating the upper age limit for the silver mineralization. These ages correlate with the formation of the Niujuan deposit in an extensional setting associated with the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate beneath the North China Craton.     

Trace Elements and Sr,Nd Isotope Geochemistry of the Lajimiao Norite-Gabbro from the North Qinling Belt1

Abstract The Lajimiao norite-gabbro complex, as a part of the ophiolites on the southern side of the North Qinling belt, consists of gabbro and norite-gabbro. They were derived from different magma series: the gabbro was derived from tholeiitic magma series with higher TiO₂, REE abundance and Fe³⁺ / Fe²⁺ ratio; norite-gabbro was derived from calc-alkali magma series with lower TiO₂, Fe³⁺ / Fe²⁺ ratio and REE abundance and much lower HREE abundance, which suggests that the source of the norite-gabbro magma was deeper and controlled by eclogite facies. Geochemical characteristics of both plutonic rocks are similar to those of island-arc basalts, such as relatively high contents of Ba, Pb and Sr and relatively low contents of Nb, Zr and Ni. The Sr, Nd isotopic characteristics of the Lajimiao norite-gabbro complex are similar to those of ophiolites. Its 8_Nd values are constant, about +2; whereas 8_Sr values have wide variation from — 6.4 to +31.2 and positively correlate with Na₂O, H₂O⁺ and CO₂ contents and the Fe³⁺ / Fe²⁺ ratio. The ?_Nd—Nd / Th, ?_Nd—La/Nb and ?_Nd—Ba/Nb diagrams clearly show that there were significant components of terrigenous sediments in the mantle source of the Lajimiao norite-gabbro complex. It suggests that large amount of sediments had been carried into the mantle by the subducted ancient Qinling sea plate during the Palaeozoic.     

北淮阳晓天盆地早白垩世玄武岩地球化学:富集地幔的证据

产出于北淮阳地区晓天盆地的早白垩世玄武岩的主量元素具有碱性系列和亚碱性系列过渡的特征。其微量元素特征表现为Rh、Ba、Th、K、Pb的显富集和Nb、Ti的亏损。锶和钕同位素的初始比值分别为0．7076，0.7080和—13．9，—12．7。这些特征表明所研究玄武岩来自富集的源区，很可能是古老的扬子型岩石圈地馒。与长江中下游和大别造山带中同时代幔源岩石相比表明，虽然总体上都表现为富集特征，但具有明显的不均一性。长江中下游地幔源区最亏损，可能反映来自亏损的软流圈地慢和富集的岩石圈地幔的物质的混合。大别造山带的源区最富集，代表古老岩石圈的贡献。北准阳地区玄武岩的源区特征与大别造山带的非常相似，但富集程度略低。     

华北中、新生代岩石圈地幔的交代作用：含金云母地幔岩提供的证据

本文对华北克拉通三个不同地区（河北汉诺坝、内蒙古集宁三义堂、河南鹤壁）新发现的含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石橄榄单斜辉石岩捕虏体进行了详细的矿物组成、单斜辉石的微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素研究.通过与相同地区不含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的系统对比发现通常含金云母的地幔橄榄岩比不含金云母的地幔橄榄岩岩富Al2O3、CaO、NaO、K2O、TiO2,但相对贫镁;其单斜辉石的LREE更为富集,但Sr、Nd同位素组成则相对亏损.这说明地幔交代作用不仅能够造成地幔橄榄岩的玄武质组分和稀土元素的富集,而且亦能够造成全岩和橄榄石Mg#的降低和同位素组成的相对亏损.捕虏体的Rb-Sr等时线年龄暗示地幔交代作用发生在中、新生代;其交代熔体来源于软流圈.同时说明华北新生代岩石圈地幔普遍存在的主、微量元素和同位素组成类似于“大洋型”岩石圈地幔的特征很可能是岩石圈地幔橄榄岩与软流圈来源的熔体的大规模反应的结果,而非真正意义上的新增生的岩石圈地幔.     

Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China craton

We report mineralogical and chemical compositions of spinel peridotite xenoliths from two Tertiary alkali basalt localities on the Archean North China craton (Hannuoba, located in the central orogenic block, and Qixia, in the eastern block). The two peridotite suites have major element compositions that are indistinguishable from each other and reflect variable degrees (0–25%) of melt extraction from a primitive mantle source. Their compositions are markedly different from typical cratonic lithosphere, consistent with previous suggestions for removal of the Archean mantle lithosphere beneath this craton. Our previously published Os isotopic results for these samples [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198 (2002) 307] show that lithosphere replacement occurred in the Paleoproterozoic beneath Hannuoba, but in the Phanerozoic beneath Qixia. Thus, we see no evidence for a compositional distinction between Proterozoic and Phanerozoic continental lithospheric mantle. The Hannuoba xenoliths equilibrated over a more extensive temperature (hence depth) interval than the Qixia xenoliths. Neither suite shows a correlation between equilibration temperature and major element composition, indicating that the lithosphere is not chemically stratified in either area. Trace element and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the Hannuoba xenoliths reflect recent metasomatic overprinting that is not related to the Tertiary magmatism in this area.     

小秦岭太华杂岩副片麻岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其地质意义

小秦岭地区是华北克拉通南缘早前寒武纪基底重要分布区,可见大量构造抬升剥露的基底结晶杂岩带。太华杂岩是小秦岭出露最古老的地质体,对于探讨华北克拉通南缘早期地壳形成和演化及其构造归属等问题具有重要意义。在小秦岭地区,太华杂岩被划分为正片麻岩系和以孔兹岩系为主的表壳岩。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法测得小秦岭地区太华杂岩表壳岩中黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石的源区物质主要形成于2.40～2.11 Ga,经历了两期的古元古代晚期变质事件（～2.04 Ga和～1.91 Ga）,限定该套表壳岩的沉积时代介于2.11～1.91 Ga。结合锆石Hf同位素特征,我们认为该表壳岩的碎屑物质可能主要来自中条山的涑水杂岩体及绛县杂岩体、熊耳花岗岩体、小秦岭古元古代花岗岩体等,其初始的源区物质可能为太华杂岩的新太古代正片麻岩系。此外,本研究揭示华北中部造山带可能记录了一个长达约250 Ma（～2.05～1.8 Ga）持续的俯冲-碰撞过程。