湘江下游河床沉积物重金属污染的矿物学分析北大核心CSCD

本次工作利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜-能谱仪等技术手段,分析湘江下游河床沉积物的矿物组成,并结合元素地球化学分析结果探讨沉积物中重金属的赋存特征。结果表明,湘江下游沉积物矿物组成复杂。轻矿物以碎屑矿物(石英、钾长石、钠长石)、黏土矿物(云母、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石等)和碳/硫酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石、石膏)为主,含量在95%以上;重矿物以铁矿物(赤铁矿、磁铁矿、针铁矿、钛铁矿)、稳定重矿物(锆石、金红石、磷灰石、石榴子石等)和不稳定重矿物(角闪石、辉石等)为主,含量低于5%。与其他河段沉积物相比,株洲霞湾段沉积物的碎屑矿物含量明显偏低,而黏土矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物、铁矿物等的含量明显偏高。这与该河段沉积物重金属污染程度明显偏高的特征相对应。矿物含量与重金属的富集系数相关性分析显示,V、Th、Cr等主要赋存在伊利石等黏土矿物中,Cu、Zn、Pb、U、Co、Ni等主要赋存在铁矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物中。赋存在黏土矿物中的重金属主要与岩石风化等自然因素有关,为自然来源。而赋存在铁矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物等矿物中的重金属可能既有自然来源,又有人为来源。且赋存在铁氧化物矿物和碳、硫酸盐矿物中的重金属因环境条件变化,可释放转入水体而对环境产生危害,应引起重视。     

湘江下游河床沉积物重金属污染的矿物学分析

本次工作利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜-能谱仪等技术手段,分析湘江下游河床沉积物的矿物组成,并结合元素地球化学分析结果探讨沉积物中重金属的赋存特征。结果表明,湘江下游沉积物矿物组成复杂。轻矿物以碎屑矿物(石英、钾长石、钠长石)、黏土矿物(云母、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石等)和碳/硫酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石、石膏)为主,含量在95%以上;重矿物以铁矿物(赤铁矿、磁铁矿、针铁矿、钛铁矿)、稳定重矿物(锆石、金红石、磷灰石、石榴子石等)和不稳定重矿物(角闪石、辉石等)为主,含量低于5%。与其他河段沉积物相比,株洲霞湾段沉积物的碎屑矿物含量明显偏低,而黏土矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物、铁矿物等的含量明显偏高。这与该河段沉积物重金属污染程度明显偏高的特征相对应。矿物含量与重金属的富集系数相关性分析显示,V、Th、Cr等主要赋存在伊利石等黏土矿物中,Cu、Zn、Pb、U、Co、Ni等主要赋存在铁矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物中。赋存在黏土矿物中的重金属主要与岩石风化等自然因素有关,为自然来源。而赋存在铁矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物等矿物中的重金属可能既有自然来源,又有人为来源。且赋存在铁氧化物矿物和碳、硫酸盐矿物中的重金属因环境条件变化,可释放转入水体而对环境产生危害,应引起重视。     

河套地区土壤矿物组成分析及与各元素的关系

通过对河套地区土壤中矿物组成的分析研究,土壤中矿物组成中砂质成分主要为石英、长石、方解石,黏土矿物组合主要为伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石,此外还有角闪石等少量矿物成分。在砂土、粉砂土中石英、长石含量较高,在黏土质为主的土壤中黏土矿物含量增加。黏土矿物与石英以及长石呈负相关关系,与大多数元素呈明显正相关关系,黏土矿物对各元素具有明显吸附性;石英、长石与各元素含量呈负相关关系,说明其对元素不具有吸附性。     

长江南京段沉积物元素特征及地球化学意义

采集了长江南京八卦洲段悬浮物、漫滩柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品,分析了Al、Fe、Mn、Hg、Ni、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn含量.结果表明,柱状沉积物元素含量垂向变化较小,反映沉积物来源比较稳定;表层沉积物微量元素含量因子分析反映元素主要受流域地质影响,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素还叠加人为活动的影响;悬浮物与长江中下游成矿带地质体的Pb同位素206Pb/207Pb比值非常接近,表明长江中下游成矿带来源悬浮物携带以Cd为代表的重金属对江苏沿江土壤重金属富集胚层起着重要的塑造作用.     

杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物空间差异与物源指示

通过对杭州湾潮滩沉积物中主要黏土矿物成分及组合类型的研究,分析了杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物的空间分布特征。借助聚类分析等手段,同时结合杭州湾水动力特征,探讨了研究区黏土矿物的来源和成因。研究结果表明,杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物主要为黏土质粉砂,其余为砂质粉砂。本区沉积物黏土矿物成分复杂,主要为伊利石,其次是高岭石和绿泥石;还有少量蒙皂石和蛭石及1.4 nm过渡矿物。根据其相对含量可分为3种组合类型:Ⅰ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蛭石类-蒙皂石型,Ⅱ型为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型,Ⅲ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型。在空间上,北岸的蒙皂石和绿泥石平均含量高于南岸,而伊利石、高岭石和蛭石(含1.4 nm过渡矿物)平均含量则低于南岸。高潮滩和中潮滩黏土矿物对比,除了蒙皂石含量高潮滩大于中潮滩外,其他矿物含量均无明显规律。表层沉积物黏土矿物的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,杭州湾北岸乍浦以东潮滩受潮流和长江沿岸流影响明显,沉积物主要为长江和东海源的;南岸由于曹娥江和甬江两条河流的注入,流域物质所占比例明显比北岸高。柱状岩芯样品中各黏土矿物含量自下而上的变化则反映了物源区风化强度的波动特征。     

长江流域沉积物黏土矿物组合特征及物源指示意义

通过X射线衍射方法系统分析了长江流域(干流和主要支流)表层沉积物(及部分表土)的黏土矿物,结果显示:长江流域黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石组成,伊利石含量最高,蒙脱石含量最低;长江干流上、中、下游黏土矿物含量基本一致,支流表现出明显区别,与流域不同的源岩类型和风化强度相对应.长江干流伊利石结晶度和化学指数...     

安徽铜陵水木冲尾矿重金属赋存状态及污染特征研究

为探讨富硫化物尾矿酸化及重金属污染特征,选择安徽铜陵水木冲尾矿库浅层(0～90 cm)剖面为研究对象,对其结构特点、矿物组成、重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cr、Mn、Cu和As)含量及赋存形态进行研究。结果表明,该尾矿库浅层出现分层现象,即表层为强硬化层,向下依次为弱硬化层和松散层,且呈酸性;矿物主要以辉石、长石、云母和石膏为主,由浅及深,金属硫化物及碳酸盐型矿物特征峰呈现增强的趋势;重金属呈现两种富集类型:表层(0～30cm,As、Pb)富集和中部(40～60 cm,Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn和Cr)富集型,其中Cu、Cd、As污染较为严重。由相关性分析可知,部分金属之间存在一定的伴生性,且p H值是影响重金属迁移的重要因素之一。该尾矿重金属主要以残渣态为主,其中Pb的潜在迁移能力最强,As最弱,顺序为Pb Cd Zn Ni Cr Mn Cu As。     

渤海西部表层沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学特征

为探讨渤海西部在多重环境因素变化下沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学行为,分析了渤海西部44个站位表层沉积物样品中8种重金属元素含量,研究了重金属元素的分布特征、环境影响因素及其生态风险。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为117 mg/kg、255 mg/kg、014 mg/kg、689 mg/kg、0037 mg/kg、303 mg/kg、223 mg/kg、757 mg/kg;Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn含量与有机碳含量、小于63 μm细粒沉积物呈显著正相关,其在表层沉积物中的分布明显受到有机质含量和沉积物粒径的控制,而As、Hg分布没有明显受到有机质含量的影响。富集系数显示,Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn为无富集,Cu、As为轻度富集,Cd和Hg为中度富集。与多种背景值和一致性沉积物质量基准相比较,渤海西部表层沉积物Pb、Cd的含量超出背景值,而Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Hg含量也存在一定的异常,但其含量水平引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,尽管重金属元素含量偏高,但生态风险较小。     

基于神经网络的河北平原区黏土矿物空间分布定量研究

黏土矿物不仅对寻找黏土类矿物资源具有指示意义,而且对于区域古气候、环境污染、石油勘探等研究都具有重要意义。但黏土矿物空间分布获取较为困难,目前国内积累了覆盖大部分面积的中大比例尺地球化学数据,具有分析元素多、精度高的特征,基于地球化学元素含量开展黏土矿物预测,可以为黏土矿物的空间分布研究提供新思路。如何建立地球化学元素含量和黏土矿物之间的复杂关系,是基于地球化学元素含量开展黏土矿物空间分布预测的关键之一。机器学习和人工智能算法的发展为建立地球化学元素与黏土矿物之间的非线性关系提供了可能,本研究基于河北平原多目标1∶20万地球化学数据和111个表层土壤黏土矿物分析数据,利用BP神经网络建立河北平原区地球化学元素含量与黏土矿物之间的预测模型,对河北平原区高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石的空间分布进行预测。研究发现河北平原区高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石等的黏土矿物分布与研究区地貌特征、土壤类型以及人为因素等都有联系,高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石在整个冀东平原区以及北三县平原区含量普遍偏低,在太行山山前平原区含量普遍偏高;黏土矿物在冲积扇平原、冲积平原含量偏高,在洪积平原含量较低;河北平原区的黏土矿物在保定和唐山等地区富集。     

内江市双桥乡土壤重金属含量及风险评价

以四川省内江市双桥乡为研究区域,调查分析各类土壤中重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni）含量情况。采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和富集因子评价方法,对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,该地区Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素平均含量高于成都经济区、四川省、中国土壤背景值,有一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn富集,Hg元素有个别样点含量偏高,并且单因子重金属的污染程度依次为：Cd〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg,Cd在绝大部份区域存在轻微污染,由内梅罗污染指数和富集因子评价得出区域综合污染程度为轻度。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861