新疆东准噶尔北部荒漠区金属矿床白茎绢蒿植物地球化学异常特征及其找矿意义

东准噶尔北部荒漠区植被属土砾质荒漠植被类型,占优势的植物群落为白茎绢蒿(Seriphidium terrae-albae(Krasch)Poljak),覆盖度为20%~25%。为探讨植物地球化学方法在荒漠区找矿的有效性,本文选择了隐伏于荒漠覆盖下的喀拉通克铜镍矿、希勒库都克铜钼矿和阿克塔斯金铜矿作为实例,研究生长在这些矿床地表的白茎绢蒿植物地球化学异常特征及其与矿化的关系。研究发现:这些矿床上部均发育植物地球化学综合异常,综合异常的宽度略大于矿体或矿化带的宽度,异常元素组合具有套合性和分带性。本文认为:(1)植物异常中强度较高、清晰度及连续性较好、规模较大的主导元素组合及其异常参数可以作为区分不同矿化类型的标志或指标,进而圈定成矿靶区;(2)植物综合异常的空间分布及其套合性和分带性,能大致确定隐伏矿床(体)的位置;(3)植物异常的元素组合、异常规模和异常强度,能大致推测隐伏矿床(体)的埋藏深度和矿化规模。     

Erosion level of the epithermal Rogovik deposit estimated from geochemical data,northeast Russia

The geochemical zoning of the Rogovik epithermal deposit in northeast Russia has been established on the basis of endogenic anomalous geochemical fields (AGCF) of Au–Ag zones, their qualitative and quantitative compositions, and spatial distribution of chemical element indicators of Au–Ag mineralization. The obtained geochemical data (monoelemental AGCF, associations of elements, their composition, contrast, and correlation) allowed us to estimate the erosion level of Au–Ag ore zones. It has been shown that AGCF related to Au–Ag mineralization are distinguished by simple component composition (Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, As, Cu, Pb, Zn) and regular spatial distribution of the elements. It has been established that the least eroded central part of the object is characterized by widespread and the most contrasting Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, and As AGCF closely related to the ore-bearing units of the deposit. The contrast of these fields gradually decreases with depth. Low-contrast Cu, Pb, and Zn AGCF typical of the footwall depth intervals and flanks of Au–Ag zones intervals appear at depth. The northern part of the area is eroded to the deepest level. The contrast of Ag, Hg, Sb, and As geochemical fields abruptly decreases here, and Cu, Pb, and Zn AGCF become widespread with depth. The relatively contrasting fields of anomalous Au concentrations develop here extremely locally and near the surface. It has been concluded that the as yet poorly explored southern part of the Rogovik deposit most likely is promising for further geological exploration and the discovery of new mineralized areas.     

蒙古国那仁陶勒盖金矿床原生晕特征及深部预测

为预测和评价那仁陶勒盖金矿的成矿潜力,运用多元统计方法,结合地球化学各参数信息,对那仁陶勒盖金矿原生晕进行系统研究.结果显示:那仁陶勒盖金矿赋矿花岗闪长岩中Au、Ag、Bi等元素浓集克拉克值明显偏高,与那仁陶勒盖金成矿作用关系密切;矿石中Au与Sb、Cu、Pb、Ag、Hg、Zn、As、Bi等关系最为密切;矿体原生晕轴向分带序列出现尾晕元素W、Sn等与前缘晕元素As叠加的现象,同时(As+Sb)/(Bi+Mo)、100Sb/(Bi·Mo)等分带性指数出现转折,指示深部存在盲矿体.依据上述矿体原生晕特征,建立矿体叠加晕预测模型,预测盲矿体赋存位置在海拔710m以下的岩体与地层接触带附近.     

五台山—恒山绿岩带Au-Ag-Cu成矿作用地球化学特征

五台山—恒山绿岩带Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ矿床可分为二大类型：（１）再生型金银铜矿，产在包括岩浆岩在内的各类岩石断裂构造中，与岩浆期后热液有关；（２）变生型金银铜矿，产于各类变质岩中，具有层控特征（即绿岩型金矿）。在地球化学特征上，再生型矿床与变生型矿床相比，矿体及围岩中Ｍｏ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等成矿及伴生元素明显富集；Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ也明显富集，是后期岩浆热液作用的结果；Ｈｇ、Ｆ的明显富集则与后期构造活动有关；Ｚｎ／Ｃｄ比值较低，说明受到后期岩浆侵入影响；Ｔｈ／Ｕ比值低，可能指示富钙的酸性岩环境。再生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合为Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ（Ｂｉ），再生型Ａｇ矿化的元素组合为Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ（Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｉ），变生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合较简单，只为Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ或Ａｕ、Ｃｕ。上述地球化学特征不仅可以有效地区分矿化类型，而且可以作为地球化学找矿和评价的指标     

西藏尕尔穷铜金矿元素空间分布规律及地球化学勘查模型

尕尔穷铜金矿床是班公湖-怒江成矿带西段唯一达到详查级别的矿床,其金资源量已达大型规模.根据30个钻孔的成矿元素化学分析结果,对各成矿元素平面分布特征进行了系统分析发现,尕尔穷矿床具有较明显的与岩浆热液成矿作用有关的元素分带特征,矿体从南东→北西向、深部→浅部具有Mo→Cu(Au)→Cu+Au+Ag→Au+Cu+Ag→A...     

玲珑金矿大开头矿区47号脉微量元素特征

选择胶东玲珑金矿典型矿体47号脉为研究对象,应用基岩地球化学方法,测试微量元素含量,研究微量元素与金的相关关系、计算微量元素的浓集系数并确定其轴向分带,探讨微量元素对深部金成矿的指示意义,期待能对玲珑金矿深部找矿提供一些参考.初步认识如下:矿区金矿体的最佳指示元素依次为Au、Ag、Bi、As、Cu、Co、Mo、Sb;金矿体的轴向分带序列从上到下依次为As、Pb、Ag、Cu、Hg、Sb、Mo、Ni、Th、V、U、Mn、Zn、Bi、Co、Au;矿体中Au、Bi、Ag、As富集系数大,Cu、Co富集系数中等,而Zn在矿体中相对亏损.研究结果表明,在深部47号矿体仍有较好的成矿前景.     

玲珑金矿田东山矿床矿体空间分带模型及应用

根据玲珑金矿田东山矿床地表及浅部勘查工程与采矿资料, 确定了成矿成晕元素种类。对成晕元素侧向分带特征和垂向分带规律的研究结果表明, 矿体上盘晕元素异常组合为Cu-As-Ag, 下盘晕元素异常组合为Cu-Te-As, 由此确定Au /As、Au /Pb、Au /Ag、Ag/Pb比值具有成矿判别意义, 即判别式Y₁ = 0.000 5 Au /As + 0.037 6 Au /Ag + 0.085 7 Au /Pb - 0.045 4 Ag/Pb > 0.009 2时指示含矿, 否则不含矿; 同时建立了基于Sb /As比值和Au、Ag、As、Sb 含量特征的见矿深度估计模型(H₁ = 1.104 9 + 79.63 k ( Sb /As) ×102 ) , 并对东山矿床主要矿体的可能成矿地段、见矿部位做出预测评价, 提出东山矿床9号、18号、47号、50号和52号支脉在175～ - 70 m标高范围内赋存金矿化或工业矿体。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Zonation of Primary Halos of Pulang Porphyry Copper Deposit,Northwestern Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

The Pulang (普朗) porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian (义敦-为中甸) island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large copper deposit. Compared with the composition of granodiorite in China, the porphyry rocks in this area are enriched in W, Mo, Cu, Au, As, Sb, F, V, and Na2O (K1≥1.2). Compared with the composition of fresh porphyry rocks in this district, the mineralized rocks are enriched in Cn, Au, Ag, Mo, Pb, Zn, W, As, Sb, and K2O (K≥1.2). Some elements show clear anomalies, such as Zn, Ag, Cu, Au, W, and Mo, and can be regarded as pathfinders for prospecting new ore bodies in depth. It has been inferred from factor analysis that the Pulang porphyry copper deposit may have undergone the multiple stages of alteration and mineralization: (a) Cu-Au mineralization; (b) W-Mo mineralization; and (c) silicification and potassic metasomatism in the whole ore-forming process. A detailed zonation sequence of indicator elements is obtained using the variability index of indicator elements as follows: Zn→Ag→Cu→Au→W→Mo. According to this zonation, an index such as (Ag×Zn) D/(Mo×W) D can be constructed and regarded as a significant criterion for predicting the Cu potential at a particular depth.     

辽西养马甸钼矿原生晕元素的统计分析及其找矿意义

通过对原生晕的统计分析可研究出地球化学元素在成矿中的演化特征,从而为预测、找矿提供有力的依据。文章通过对有关元素的聚类分析、因子分析及轴向分带序列的研究,揭示了养马甸钼矿区内Mo与Au,As的相关性较好,Au和As可以作为找钼的近程指示元素,而Ag对钼的寻找也有一定的指示意义。Ag和Sb的关系表明,Sb对钼的寻找具有一定的远程指示意义。通过轴向分带的研究,结合ZK5地球化学变化曲线可知,ZK5的地球化学参数值于250m左右由升到降,表明了下部隐伏矿体存在的可能。     

Gold, silver and other elements in aquatic bryophytes from a mineralised area of North Wales, U.K.

Concentrations of Au, Ag, As, Cd and Sb in aquatic bryophytes collected from the Dolgellau Mineral Belt, North Wales, U.K. are reported. One aquatic liverwort, Scapania undulata (L) Dum. and two mosses, Fontinalis squamosa Hedw. and Racomitrium aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. were collected from sites upstream and downstream of the recently reopened Gwynfyndd Au mine. There was little inter-species variation in metal contents for these three bryophytes, but Scapania undulata appeared the most sensitive to changes in water concentrations of Ag, As and Sb. Gold concentrations varied little between the contaminated and control sites. Concentrations in the range < 4–18 ng Aug g⁻¹ D.W. were typical background levels, while bryophytes collected immediately below the mine contained 6–45 ng Au g⁻¹. Silver and Sb both showed more pronounced ( 5–10 fold) elevations above control concentrations in samples collected downstream of the mine. Background concentrations for these elements were 5–85 ng Ag g⁻¹ and 0.15–1.3 μg Sb g⁻¹.Arsenic concentrations downstream of the mine (160–1080 μg g⁻¹) greatly exceeded the background range of 9–32 μg g⁻¹. It is suggested, therefore, that As may be an ideal ‘pathfinder’ element when prospecting for auriferous deposits using aquatic bryophytes.     

Distribution and behavior of gold in soils and tills at the Nickel Plate Mine, southern British Columbia, Canada

The Nickel Plate deposit, in which gold occurs as <25 μm blebs associated with arsenopyrite in garnet-pyroxene skarns, is in the subalpine zone near the southern limit of the Thompson Plateau. During the last glaciation the Cordilleran ice sheet moved south-southwest across the deposit and deposited a stony basal till. A dispersion train with anomalous concentrations of gold in tills and soils now extends 2 km down ice from the deposit.Gold contents of samples of humus (LFH horizon) and the −212 μm fraction of mineral soils (A, B and C horizons) was determined by instrumental neutron activation and fire assay-atomic absorption, respectively. Selected samples were examined in detail to determine distribution of gold between different size and density fractions.Despite erratic variability, Au contents of the −212 μm fraction generally decrease from 200–400 ppb close to the mine site to <50 ppb at distal sites. At most sites there is also a twofold increase of gold values down the soil profile. Within samples concentrations of Au in the −420 + 212 μm, −212 + 106 μm, −106 + 53 μm and −53 μm fractions are usually roughly constant. However, because of its abundance, the −53 μm fraction contains more than 70% of the gold. Amenability of gold in this fraction to cyanidation suggests that it is largely free gold. For size fractions > 53 μm the contribution of the heavy mineral (SG > 3.3) fraction to total gold content increases with decreasing grain size.Distribution of gold between size and density fractions is consistent with its release from the bedrock or pre-glacial regolith by glacial abrasion. The bulk of the gold was incorporated into the fine fractions of the till at or close to the source. However, differences between down ice dilution ratios for gold in different heavy mineral size fractions suggest that comminution of host minerals continued to transfer gold to the finer size fractions during glacial transport.For exploration purposes, B and C horizon samples provide the best anomaly contrast. Estimates of the abundance of gold particles in different size fractions indicate that the nugget effect, which causes erratic gold values in the −212 μm fraction, can be avoided by analysis of 30 g of −53 μm material.     

黑龙江省逊克县高松山金矿床微量元素地球化学

利用相关分析、聚类分析、因子分析等多元统计方法,对高松山金矿床岩（矿）石微量元素地球化学特征的.研究表明,Au与Ag、As、Sb、Pb等中低温元素具有较强的相关性.依据元素的共生组合及相关性特征,将微量元素分为5个组合类型：Au、Ag、As、Sb、Pb、Mo;Co、Ni、Mn、-Sn;Cu、W;Hg、Bi;Zn、Sn.对矿体轴向上微量元素分布特征研究表明,在不同标高上矿体微量元素出现前缘晕与尾晕指示元素、近矿晕与尾晕指示元素、前缘晕与近矿晕指示元素相互叠加的现象,显示出矿区内成矿作用复杂、具有多次矿化叠加的特征.     

河南省嵩县萑香洼金矿矿床地球化学特征

莅香洼金矿发育有与金矿关系密切的地球化学异常,Au及相关元素的平均含量从安山岩→蚀变安山岩→蚀变岩→矿化蚀变岩呈几何级数递增。沿F985构造蚀变带走向,Pb、Ag与Au的组合异常通常与金的矿体晕分布一致,而As、Sb组合则更多反映了矿体前缘晕的组合特点,沿倾向,Au及相关元素自浅而深具有分段富集特征,并在1023m标高和976m标高构成二个浓集中心。其理想的元素轴向分带序列为：前缘晕As、Sb—Ba,矿体晕Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo,矿尾晕（Cu、Mo）-（Co、Ni、Bi）。文章在前人研究的基础上,系统总结了莅香洼金矿床的地球化学特征,总结了构造蚀变岩型金矿床的地球化学找矿标志,建立了萑香洼金矿床的地球化学找矿模型。     

豫西熊耳山Ag、Ag-Pb、Au、Mo及Pb矿床 (点)的空间分布特征及找矿启示

对豫西熊耳山121个Ag、Ag-Pb、Au、Mo及Pb矿床(点)的空间分布特征进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了熊耳山地区找矿潜力区。在经度方向上,它们集中于熊耳山的东、西两端,而在中部(111.45°~111.50°和111.60°~111.65°)出现两个矿床频数低值;在纬度方向上,矿化主要集中分布于34.10°~34.25°的中部地带。121个矿床(点)的高程(采矿平硐海拔高度)集中分布于600~750 m、800~1 050 m和1 100~1 200 m三个高程区间内,熊耳山东、西两端大型Ag-Pb、Au和Mo矿床的高程大致相当。121个矿床(点)组成了6条矿化种类各异和走向不同的矿化条带,分别为近NW向的Ag及Ag-Pb矿化条带(M1)和Au(Mo、Pb)矿化条带(M3)、近NE向的Au(Mo、Pb)矿化条带(M2)、近EW的Pb-Au(Mo)矿化条带(M4)、近NNW向的Au矿化条带(M5)和近NS向的Au(Mo、Pb)矿化条带(M6),其走向均与区域以及矿床控矿构造的走向大致相当。121个矿床(点)在空间三个投影面中均遵循分形丛集分布,并且存在两个无标度网格区,显示了多重分形的特征,发现熊耳山矿集区的分布具有约10 km等间距的特征,并结合透岩浆流体成矿理论对熊耳山地区进一步的成矿潜力区进行了分析。     

河北丰宁牛圈银矿床原生晕特征及深部预测

牛圈银矿是冀北地区重要的独立型银矿床.对其原生晕统计分析研究表明,所测微量元素基本都服从对数正态分布,矿床原生晕指示元素组合为Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Mn As Sb;Bi Hg;Mo Sb.在矿体上盘出现头晕元素与尾晕元素相叠加的情况,说明1 150 m剖面以下具有良好的矿化前景.     

山东招远北截金矿床地质特征及深部成矿预测

对北截金矿的矿床与矿体地质构造及成矿模式和构造应力场的综合研究表明，北截金矿主要是受ＮＥ向的灵山沟－北截断裂控制，其储矿构造部位与与断裂带小角度斜交的ＮＮＥ向张剪性断裂，矿体主要分布于其中的２号矿带之中，矿体之间呈右行斜列为ＳＷ深部发展；百区内的ＮＷＷ向断裂为成矿后断裂，对矿体有较小的破坏作用；对矿区内Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ａｓ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ进行的微量元素原生晕及Ａｇ／Ａｕ、Ａｓ／Ｍｏ与Ｓｂ／Ｂｉ比值分     

Stream sediment geochemical exploration for gold in Central Eastern Desert,Egypt: Application of the concentration-number fractal model,factor analysis,and geochemical mineralization probability index

Geochemical exploration by stream sediment sampling using bulk leach extractable gold (BLEG) technique and applying concentration-number (C-N) fractal model, factor analysis (FA), and geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI) resulted in the recognition of new Au occurrences around the Sukari gold mine in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The geochemical data of 128 stream sediment samples collected from the study area was used for delineating the geochemical anomalies and characterizing the dispersion trains of ore and associated elements (Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo). Statistical analysis of the geochemical data applying the C-N fractal modeling enabled us to identify significant anomaly and background populations of the investigated elements and to construct reliable geochemical anomaly maps. Factor analysis using centered log-ratios (CLR), to address the problem of closed compositional data, revealed significant element associations for mineralization (Au, As, Mo, Zn, Ba), country rock compositions (Rb, Li, Be, Sn, Bi for granite, and Co, Cr, Ni for mafic rocks), and element mobility (e.g. Sb, Zr, and Ag). Weak and moderate Au anomalies that cannot be detected by factor score maps can be delineated clearly by using the C-N fractal method and GMPI distribution map. Our study revealed that Ag, As, and Sb are the main pathfinder elements for gold mineralization in arid to semiarid regions exemplified by the Sukari gold district. Silver can be used as a “direct” pathfinder, whereas As and Sb are “indirect” pathfinders for Au in such regions. The spatial distribution of Au and Ag anomalies indicate that gold mineralization in the Sukari district is structurally controlled. However, the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mo is controlled by mineralogical and lithological factors and is not related to any significant base metal deposits.     

西藏浪卡子县也金嘎波金矿岩石地球化学特征

也金嘎波金矿位于冈底斯成矿带上,是对区域化探发现的Au、As多元素组合异常进行追踪发现的,属于热液型金矿床。矿区各类岩石Au、As、Sb、W、Hg、Ag、Bi、Pb元素平均值高于中国丰度值数倍以上,表明矿区具有丰富的物质来源基础。岩石地球化学研究证明,矿床地表发育Au、As、Sb等10多个元素组合异常。其中Au是成矿指示元素,As、Sb、W是密切伴生元素,Bi、Ag、Pb、Hg是一般的伴生元素。多元素组合异常浓度带发育,浓集中心互相套合叠置部位指示金矿(化)体位置。矿体指示元素(Au、As、Sb、W、Hg、Bi、Ag、Pb)异常分布在岩体、地层接触带和构造交汇处,显示金矿与岩浆活动、热液作用和断裂构造相关,属多次构造作用、岩浆热液叠加富集而成。该金矿床处在冈底斯成矿带内,此研究对该成矿带金异常的识别和查证,寻找新的金矿具有借鉴意义。     

甘肃马泉金矿伴生元素特征及剥蚀程度研究

对马泉金矿伴生元素的一般特征、组合特征和垂直分带做了细致的研究，并以此为基础进一步对矿床的剥蚀深度做了较详细论证。马泉金矿矿石伴生元素的垂直分带（由上至下）为Bi-Cu-Hg-Ag-Pb-Sb-Au-As-Zn-Be-Mo;与Au相关的元素依次为As、Sb、Cu、Zn、Ag。矿床已剥蚀到中上部，四号矿带东段及五号矿带深部仍有盲矿体存在。     

安徽宁国石口地区土壤地球化学异常特征及评价

文章分析了安徽宁国石口地区土壤地球化学异常特征并对单元素进行异常评价,发现Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi和Sn异常较弱,Ag、W、Mo异常次之,Ag、W、Mo在黑色岩系具有较高的背景值;Au、As、Sb异常面积大、强度高,异常套合较好,各元素之间具有较好的亲和性;Au为富集元素,变异系数较大,反映矿化不均匀,深部已发现工业金矿体,与构造破碎带有关,与硅化、黄铁矿化呈正相关。通过土壤地球化学测量,在研究区圈定了19个Au异常,3条Au异常带。对异常进一步验证,发现NW向金异常带AuP3异常具有较好的找矿前景。NE向异常带中的AuP1异常和AuP2异常,可能为寒武纪西阳山组钙质泥岩风化导致Au次生富集引起的异常。