鲻鱼人工育苗研究

本文报道了１９９１－１９９御鲻鱼人工育苗的研究结果，在水温２４．０－２６．０℃，盐度２．０－３０．０和ｐＨ值８．２１－８．２６的条件下，初孵仔鱼经培育３８日龄变态为幼鱼，全长达２５．１０ｍｍ；１９９４－１９９５年及１９９５－１９９６年度分别育出幼鱼５１２４０属及１１２０４９尾，育苗成活率为５．９％－１２．０％《文中介绍了饵料系列，鱼苗生长与发育观察研究结果。     

青岛近海青鳞鱼年龄,生长与死亡特征的研究

本文根据青岛近海２２３１尾青鳞鱼年龄与生长的周年资料，运用扫描电镜技术识别轮纹、鉴定年轮，确定该群体系由１－６龄鱼组成；以Ｖｏｎ－Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程模拟生长特征，其主要参数为：Ｌ∞＝１６１ｍｍ，Ｗ∞＝４９．４２ｇ，Ｋ＝０．４３７１，ｔ０＝－０，７，ｂ＝２．８８２０。在此基础上，进一步探讨了该鱼的生活史选择类型属ｒ选择型和死亡率Ｍ＝０．４３７６，Ｚ＝０．８６９７等渔业生态学特征，以为该鱼的渔     

南麂海域海浪分布基本特征

根据１９６０－１９８９年南麂海洋站的实测风浪资料，分析了该海域的风浪特征，结果认为：这个海域的浪通常是混合浪，常见浪是三级波高的浪；海浪要素的均值分布比较平稳，极值具有不均匀分布的特性，本区的波高和周期的联合分布表明，波高在０．５－１．９ｍ，周期为４．０－６．９ｓ类型的浪在该海域出现频率最高，此外，引用最大熵谱方法找出了本区波高，周期和风速的主要变化周期，还讨论了台风浪的周期与最大波高的经验关系。     

磁化水在栉孔扇贝人工育苗上的应用研究

本实验以栉孔扇贝为材料，对栉孔扇贝亲贝、幼虫，进行０．０５～０．９Ｔ不同磁场强度的磁化水培育试验．实验结果表明：磁化水对亲贝蓄养有明显促进性腺发育成熟的作用；磁化水组性腺指数比对照组提高３．５×１０－２．孵化率也大大提高，比对照组提高１６×１０－２．对扇贝幼虫生长发育的影响，在０．３～０．７Ｔ的磁化水范围内，幼虫生长较快，成活率最高，其中０．６Ｔ最好。然后又进行０．６Ｔ生产性应用试验，通过３ａ应用，磁化水组比对照组幼虫成活率可提高１８×１０－２，附着变态率比对照组提高２７×１０－２，单位水体出苗量比对照组提高５０×１０－２左右。另外，磁化水也有明显改善育苗木质的作用，从而保证了扇贝育苗稳产高产。     

南海鱼类寄生粘孢子虫──Ⅱ．篮子鱼两极虫与尖吻鲈尾孢虫两新种

篮子鱼两极虫，新种Ｍｙｘｉｄｉｕｍｓｉｇａｎｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．寄生于篮子鱼Ｓｉｇａｎｕｓｓｐ．胆囊。孢子缝面观菱形，正面观椭圆形。孢子表面具有６条条纹。孢子长１１．４μｍ，宽６．９μｍ；极囊直径３．３μｍ；囊间距２．８μｍ。尖吻鲈尾孢虫，新种Ｈｅｎｎｅｇｕｙａｌａｔｅｓａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ寄生于尖吻鲈Ｌａｔｅｓｃａｌｃａｒｉｊｅｒ鳃部。孢子呈倒梨形。孢子长８．９μｍ，宽５．７μｍ，厚４．９μｍ；极囊长２．８μｍ，宽１．８μｍ；尾长１６．０μｍ。     

白沙湖四角蛤蜊的繁殖期及增养殖效果的研究

１９９４年１０月－１９９５年９月在汕尾市白沙湖进行了四角蛤蜊的肥满度及生长的周年观察研究，结果表明其肥满度在４．７３％－９．８４％之间，平均为７．０７％，最高值出现在１０月份，最低值在５月份；繁殖盛期主要为９－１２月，其闪为２－３月。其生长与水温及年龄均有密切关系，春夏季生长快，秋冬季生长慢；１－２龄贝生长快，３龄贝生长慢。     

南麂海域台风影响过程中的波浪特征

根据１９８３－１９８９年南麂海洋站在台风影响过程中的实测风和浪资料，分析了该海域的波浪特征。结果表明，这个海域的台风波浪通常是混合浪，在台风影响过程中出现的最大值波高，既有较大波陡的风浪，也有波陡较小的清浪；各向波高的均值变化不大，各向最大波高却有较大幅度的差距；本区的台风浪以４级波高占优，风浪以ＮＮＥ向、涌浪以Ｅ向为常浪向；波高为４级的风浪和涌浪，其周期分别在４．０－４．９Ｓ和７．０－７．９Ｓ之     

渤海湾浅表海水中产低温蛋白酶适冷菌的筛选

从渤海湾浅表海水中分离到１５０株产蛋白酶的低温菌。对其中５析产蛋白酶活力较高的菌株的生长特征和其所产蛋白酶学性质进行了研究。这５株菌的最知生长温度都在２０～２５℃,最高生长温度都在３５～４０℃,属于典型的适冷菌。这５株菌中,ＳＤＭ９９０８的产酶活力最高,为３２０Ｕ／ｍｌ。这５ 菌所产蛋白酶的最适酶活温度均为３５～４０℃。最适ｐＨ在７．０～９．０范围内,为中性或碱性蛋白酶。这些蛋白酶的热稳定性普遍较     

山东半岛及苏皖北部黄土地层年代学研究

根据山东半岛和南京地区大量野外实测黄土剖面和热释光，＾１４Ｃ测年数据，首次指出山东半岛最老的黄土层位为Ｌ９，年龄约０．８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．，南京地区下蜀土（黄土）的最老层位为Ｌ６，年龄约０．６３ＭａＢ．Ｐ．。本文所建立的Ｓ０－Ｌ９黄土－古土壤的年代地层序列为本区与黄河中游地区黄土对比提供了基本证据，并进一步证实了黄土层的“等时面”意义。     

新型的养殖水质测定剂研制开发成功--简便、准确、快速、实用

“中国科学院海洋研究所青岛海水养殖技术开发公司”同澳大利亚“Ａｑｕａｓｏｎｉｃ公司”合作研究开发出“奥阔卫士（ＡｑｕａＧｕａｒｄ）”牌水质测定试剂盒,该试剂盒有一系列产品,目前主要有测试两种ｐＨ值的（６．０～７．６,７．４～９．０）,测试氨氮（０．１×１０－６～１０．０×１０－６,此值即ｐｐｍ值,后同）、硬度、溶解氧（０．１×１０－６～１０．０×１０－６）、硝酸盐（０～１６０×１０－６）、亚硝酸盐（０～２０×１０－６）、铜离子（０．０５×１０－６～１．００×１０－６）、磷酸盐（０．１×１０－６～…     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.