吉林省松辽盆地东缘聚煤盆地的地质构造特征及聚煤规律研究

一、松辽盆地东缘聚煤盆地形成的地质背景印支运动以来,由于太平洋底扩张的不断增强,使太平洋大洋板块向亚洲东部大陆壳俯冲,导致亚洲东部大陆壳与太平洋板块接触处附近岩石圈的破裂,形成我国东部地区的一系列北东向、北北东向的构造体系。嗣后,我国东部大面积上隆剥蚀。到了晚侏罗世开始,沿着北东——北北东向为主导的断裂系统发生张裂,沿张     

太平洋板块俯冲与中国东部中生代地质事件

中国东部至少自侏罗纪开始就一直处于俯冲大洋板块之上,但是有关俯冲板块对其影响程度一直有不同的认识。最近的研究表明,太平洋海山岛链的时空分布显示太平洋板块的漂移方向曾发生多次转折,这些转折与白垩纪中国东部的构造演化和岩浆事件有着密切的时空耦合关系。从时代和力学性质上看,太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变在很大程度上控制着中国东部中生代的盆地演化和郯庐断裂活动等重要地质事件。这些认识为理解中国东部构造演化提供了新的视角,包括岩石圈减薄的机制、郯庐断裂的演化,以及燕山期大规模岩浆活动等。本文重点分析了太平洋板块俯冲与中国东部中生代岩浆活动的对应关系。在125～140Ma太平洋板块向南西方向俯冲,造成中国东部岩石圈减薄,软流圈卸载上涌,发生减压部分熔融;约125Ma,太平洋板块漂移方向发生了大幅度转折,形成安第斯式的俯冲挤压,岩石圈停止减薄和减压部分熔融,出现岩浆宁静期。随着俯冲的深入,到110Ma前后俯冲板块后撤,形成弧后拉张,岩浆活动又重新开始。     

福建早侏罗世火山作用的动力学机制及大地构造学意义探讨

通过对福建早侏罗世火山作用的研究,对中生代大地构造演化提出了新的看法。研究认为华南地区的早中生代火山作用是印支运动后造山大陆裂解（伸展）形成的,与古太平洋板块俯冲无关;中侏罗世是区域中生代构造-岩浆活动性质发生重大变化的主要时期,由于古太平洋板块作用导致印支后造山裂解大陆的闭合,构造域转换发生在中侏罗世。中侏罗世太平洋板块往北西方向俯冲碰撞和持续挤压,早侏罗世的火山-沉积盆地逐渐开始闭合,开始从东西向特提斯构造域向北东向太平洋构造域的体制转换,在地球动力学体制上,由后造山阶段的伸展应力体制转换为挤压应力体制。     

济阳坳陷新生代褶皱-冲断构造的厘定及其动力学背景分析

以钻井和三维地震剖面的解释为基础,在济阳坳陷首次发现了在沙四段沉积末期形成的近南北向分布的、由东向西逆冲的褶皱-冲断构造,该构造代表了盆地古近纪充填序列中一次重要的构造反转事件,是济阳运动在该区重要的地质表现;通过界面年龄的确定和区域板块构造运动的分析,认为该期构造事件的发生具有区域性,而且与晚始新世初期印度洋板块和太平洋板块重大的运动学调整过程密切相关;该期构造反转事件的确定对于中国东部新生代盆地形成演化的动力学机制的研究和盆地深层油气勘探有重要的意义.     

太平洋古陆的破碎消亡与中新生代华北克拉通板内构造岩浆活化

回顾了太平洋撞击成因假说的主要内容, 重点围绕太平洋古陆消亡的内外动力学机制进行讨论, 认为P/ T之交发生在太平洋地区的撞击事件撞裂了岩石圈板块, 导致岩石圈下的地幔对流方式发生重大转折.在这种全新的对流方式驱动下, 太平洋古陆板块伴随新生洋壳板块的俯冲和碰撞而逐渐消亡并拼接到环太平洋大陆边缘, 与此同时, 环太平洋构造域开始形成.这种以太平洋构造域为中心的深部构造热体制深刻地影响了环太平洋大陆板块在中新生代的构造岩浆活动.      

南京栖霞山铅锌银多金属矿床成矿物质来源:C、O、S、Pb同位素制约

1成矿地质背景栖霞山铅锌矿区位于长江下游沿江断褶带的宁镇断褶束西端。从晚侏罗世燕山运动开始太平洋板块向亚洲板块俯冲,宁镇地区形成了若干区域性的隆凹构造和断裂构造,并发生大规模的岩浆侵入和火山喷发活动,一系列铁、铜、铅、锌等矿产在这一时期形成。矿区出露地层主要     

华南右江复合盆地的沉积构造演化

位于华南板块南缘的右江盆地的轮廓和内部结构，与ＮＷ向及ＮＥ向同沉积断裂关系密切。它的发展可分为两个不同的阶段。海西构造阶段，由于牢山一红河洋盆开裂，右江地区出现若干平行分布的ＮＷ向裂陷带，沉积物以深水相为主，盆地具有大陆被动边缘裂谷系特点。东吴运动后开始的印支阶段，由于滨太平陆被动边缘裂谷系特点。东吴运动后开始的印支阶段，由于滨太平洋构造的作用，盆地轮廓和结构发生了较大的改变，与此同时开始的牢山洋     

黔西盘关向斜构造特征及其力学分析

运用地质、力学观点分析了黔西盘关向斜燕山期发生的正、反扭动构造特征、成因及其复合叠加现象,认为它们是该区煤田后期改造的主要控制构造,是欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印度洋板块相互运动的结果。自北向南运动的欧亚板块与自南向北运动的太平洋板块,两者作反时针直扭运动,产生北西、南东向挤压形成北东向褶皱（压性结构面）与北西、南东向张性结构面以及两组扭性结构面;自北向南运动的欧亚板块与自南向北的印度洋板块,两者的顺时针直扭运动,又产生了北东、南西向挤压,形成北西向褶皱（压性结构面）与北东向张性结构面以及两组扭性结构面。正、反扭动构造产生两种复合叠加方式：一是地层不发生偏转的简单叠加形式;二是后期顺时针扭动构造导致先期反时针扭动构造发生偏转,这与该区内岩石地层裂隙、断裂和构造形变特征相一致。     

全球空间测地站矢量场对板块运动的描述及地幔的经、纬向流

从 2 0 0 1年IERS公布的ITRF参考框架系下的 4 32个空间测地站中以面积平均随机选用了111个站 ;这些点的站速度矢量图描述了北半球欧亚 (EA)、北美 (NA)和北太平洋 (NP)三大板块的运动态势 :以北大西洋洋脊为轴 ,欧亚板块向NE—E—SE运动 ;北美板块向NW—W—SW运动 ,呈绵羊角式张裂运动 ,两者在大西洋两侧的N向运动越过极区后 ,汇集指向阿留申 ;北太平洋板块以超过北美板块和欧亚板块 6倍左右的速度向NWW运动 ,与欧亚板块呈正面碰撞型关系 ,表现为大洋壳的深俯冲与大陆壳仰冲 ;北太平洋板块与北美板块以圣安德烈斯断层为界呈剪切拉张型关系。文中描述了南半球南美 (SA)、非洲 (AF)、阿拉伯 (AR)、印—澳 (IN—AU)和东南太平洋 (SP)的运动态势 :以东南太平洋洋脊为轴 ,其东侧的纳兹卡 (NZ)板块高速向东运动 ,而其前方的南美、非洲、阿拉伯和印—澳等板块则向NE—NNE运动 ,速度依次增高 ,可能与其间的大西洋洋脊、印度洋洋脊和红海裂谷张裂的正、反向叠加作用有关。西南太平洋与澳大利亚板块的东北缘和东缘均呈强碰撞强剪切型运动关系 ,而纳兹卡板块与北美板块呈追尾型运动关系。南极板块 (Ant)从环南极洋脊的东南太平洋段为起点向南运动 ,过南极后继续向北、向非洲、印度洋方向运动 ,并略显右旋。上述板?     

华北地台北缘中段中生代岩浆活动基本特征

本区地处欧亚板块东缘、横跨太平洋构造带北段第二和第三隆起带及其间的松辽沉降带。由于太平洋板块向大陆的俯冲作用,使本区成为活动的太平洋型大陆边缘的一部分,岩浆活动强烈(图1),与之有关的矿产十分丰富。按本区中生代构造发展过程可分为两个阶段,即侏罗纪陆缘造山带、裂谷系形成阶段与白垩纪陆缘裂谷形成阶段,新生代     

郯庐断裂带的演化与古应力场

通过系统研究郯庐断裂带两盘的构造形变和应力场，再配合断理解带内部构造研究，分析了断裂带的形成和演化过程。结果表明，断裂带经历了一次以走滑为主、两次以正断层活动为主、三次以逆断层活动为主的断裂活动，使断裂带内部结构异常复杂，形成反转构造，构成中国东部大型断裂带具有普遍意义的活动特征。     

Thermal Evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone on the Eastern Margin of the Dabie Mountains and Its Tectonic Implications

Five samples of muscovite from mylonites of the earlier Tanlu ductile shear zone on the eastern margin of the Dabie Mountains yield 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 178 Ma to 196 Ma. Three of them have reliable plateau ages of 188.7±0.7 Ma, 189.7±0.6 Ma and 192.5±0.7 Ma respectively, which indicates a syn-orogenic, sinistral strike-slip thermal event. This displacement movement derived from the continent-continent collision of the North and South China blocks took place in the Early Jurassic and after uplifting of high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure slabs to the mid-crust. It is suggested that during the collision the Tanlu fault zone was an intracontinental transform fault caused by differential subduction speeds. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of mylonite whole-rock and muscovite from the later Tanlu ductile shear zone suggest another sinistral strike-slip cooling event at 128 Ma. During this strike-slip faulting, large-scale intrusion and doming uplift occurred in the eastern part of the Dabie orogenic belt. Data o     

Neotectonic and volcanic characteristics of the Karasu fault zone (Anatolia,Turkey): The transition zone between the Dead Sea transform and the East Anatolian fault zone

The Karasu Rift (Antakya province, SE Turkey) has developed between east-dipping, NNE-striking faults of the Karasu fault zone, which define the western margin of the rift and west-dipping, N–S to N20°–30°E-striking faults of Dead Sea Transform fault zone (DST) in the central part and eastern margin of the rift. The strand of the Karasu fault zone that bounds the basin from west forms a linkage zone between the DST and the East Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ). The greater vertical offset on the western margin faults relative to the eastern ones indicates asymmetrical evolution of the rift as implied by the higher escarpments and accumulation of extensive, thick alluvial fans on the western margins of the rift. The thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary fill is more than 465 m, with clastic sediments intercalated with basaltic lavas. The Quaternary alkali basaltic volcanism accompanied fluvial to lacustrine sedimentation between 1.57 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.03 Ma. The faults are left-lateral oblique-slip faults as indicated by left-stepping faulting patterns, slip-lineation data and left-laterally offset lava flows and stream channels along the Karasu fault zone. At Hacılar village, an offset lava flow, dated to 0.08 ± 0.06 Ma, indicates a rate of left-lateral oblique slip of approximately 4.1 mm·year^–1. Overall, the Karasu Rift is an asymmetrical transtensional basin, which has developed between seismically active splays of the left-lateral DST and the left-lateral oblique-slip Karasu fault zone during the neotectonic period.     

郯庐断裂带构造演化的同位素年代学制约

近年来在郯庐断裂带内获得了大量的同位素年龄,为了解该断裂带的演化规律与相关动力学过程提供了有效的制约。该断裂带早期走滑构造带内给出了238～236 Ma的白云母 40Ar/39Ar 变形年龄,指示其起源于华北与华南克拉通碰撞过程的深俯冲阶段,支持其造山期陆内转换断层成因观点。其晚中生代走滑韧性剪切带内已获得的较大白云母 40Ar/39Ar冷却年龄为162～150 Ma,表明其再次左行平移发生在晚侏罗世初或中 晚侏罗世之交,出现在区域压扭性动力学背景下。这一事件应代表了中国东部滨太平洋构造域的开始时间。已获得的一系列断裂带内岩体与火山岩锆石LA ICPMS年龄显示,该断裂带内伸展性背景下最早的岩浆活动时间为136 Ma。而断裂带所控制的断陷盆地内地层时代表明其伸展活动发生在早白垩世初（约145 Ma）。这应指示了中国东部转变为伸展性动力学背景的时间。该断裂带一系列长石40Ar/39Ar年龄与磷灰石裂变径迹年龄,显示其在晚白垩世与古近纪仍处于伸展活动之中。     

郯庐断裂带的平移运动与成因

在华北、华南板块碰撞期间，郯庐断裂带究竟是何种边界仍是没有解决的重大地学问题，许多学者对此提出了不同的构造解释模式。关于郯庐断裂的平移距离仍存在着较大的分歧与有待深入研究之处。在华北、华南板块拼合之后，郯庐断裂带发生了一次大规模的左行平移，其糜棱岩的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄为132～119Ma，指示为早白垩世的平移活动，平移活动中伴生了强烈的岩浆活动。这期左行平移标志着中国东部构造的重大转折，是滨太平洋构造对前期古特提斯构造的叠加，其动力学机制为太平洋区伊侨奈岐板块突然出现的高速斜向俯冲。     

The tectonic evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the northern margin of the South China Sea

Qiongdongnan Basin is a Cenozoic rift basin located on the northern passive continental margin of the South China Sea. Due to a lack of geologic observations, its evolution was not clear in the past. However, recently acquired 2-D seismic reflection data provide an opportunity to investigate its tectonic evolution. It shows that the Qiongdongnan Basin comprises a main rift zone which is 50–100 km wide and more than 400 km long. The main rift zone is arcuate in map view and its orientation changes from ENE–WSW in the west to nearly E–W in the east. It can be divided into three major segments. The generally linear fault trace shown by many border faults in map view implies that the eastern and middle segments were controlled by faults reactivated from NE to ENE trending and nearly E–W trending pre-existing fabrics, respectively. The western segment was controlled by a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The fault patterns shown by the central and eastern segments indicate that the extension direction for the opening of the rift basin was dominantly NW–SE. A semi-quantitative analysis of the fault cut-offs identifies three stages of rifting evolution: (1) 40.4–33.9 Ma, sparsely distributed NE-trending faults formed mainly in the western and the central part of the study area; (2) 33.9–28.4 Ma, the main rift zone formed and the area influenced by faulting was extended into the eastern part of the study area and (3) 28.4–20.4 Ma, the subsidence area was further enlarged but mainly extended into the flanking area of the main rift zone. In addition, Estimates of extensional strain along NW–SE-trending seismic profiles, which cross the main rift zone, vary between 15 and 39 km, which are generally comparable to the sinistral displacement on the Red River Fault Zone offshore, implying that this fault zone, in terms of sinistral motion, terminated at a location near the southern end of the Yinggehai Basin. Finally, these observations let us to favour a hybrid model for the opening of the South China Sea and probably the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

郯庐断裂带的形成与演化：综述

从历史的与整体的观点出发，综合了地质、地貌、地球化学与地球物理的资料，系统地研究了郯庐断裂带各阶段的形态学、运动学以及动力学机制。认为此断裂带开始形成于中、晚三叠世，其长度小于１５００ｋｍ，切割深度小于１５～２０ｋｍ，此时最大左行走滑断距为４３０ｋｍ左右。侏罗纪（２０８～１３５Ｍａ）与中始新世－渐新世（５２～２３．３Ｍａ），此断裂带表现为逆断层活动，断层面受挤压较紧闭。白垩纪－早始新世（１３５～５２Ｍａ），郯庐断裂呈现为略带右行走滑的正断层（走滑断距不超过１００ｋｍ），郯庐断裂带与其北部切割深度约为３０～４０ｋｍ。中新世－更新世（２３．３～０．７３Ｍａ）断裂带表现为带有左行走滑的正断层，走滑断距约５０ｋｍ，断裂带切割深度在５０～８０ｋｍ之间。中更新世（０．７３Ｍａ以来）断裂带又变成略带右行走滑的逆断层，走滑断距不足１００ｍ。由于断裂带形成以来的剥蚀深度不大，地表的断层岩都是碎裂岩与断层泥。沿此断裂带在早白垩世构成了中国东部重要的内生金属成矿带。     

Neotectonic and volcanic characteristics of the Karasu fault zone (Anatolia,Turkey): The transition zone between the Dead Sea transform and the East Anatolian fault zone

Abstract

The Karasu Rift (Antakya province, SE Turkey) has developed between east-dipping, NNE-striking faults of the Karasu fault zone, which define the western margin of the rift and westdipping, N-S to N20°-30°E-striking faults of Dead Sea Transform fault zone (DST) in the central part and eastern margin of the rift. The strand of the Karasu fault zone that bounds the basin from west forms a linkage zone between the DST and the East Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ). The greater vertical offset on the western margin faults relative to the eastern ones indicates asymmetrical evolution of the rift as implied by the higher escarpments and accumulation of extensive, thick alluvial fans on the western margins of the rift. The thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary fill is more than 465 m, with clastic sediments intercalated with basaltic lavas. The Quaternary alkali basaltic volcanism accompanied fluvial to lacustrine sedimentation between 1.57 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.03 Ma. The faults are left-lateral oblique-slip faults as indicated by left-stepping faulting patterns, slip-lineation data and left-laterally offset lava flows and stream channels along the Karasu fault zone. At Hacilar village, an offset lava flow, dated to 0.08 ± 0.06 Ma, indicates a rate of leftlateral oblique slip of approximately 4.1 mm?year^?1. Overall, the Karasu Rift is an asymmetrical transtensional basin, which has developed between seismically active splays of the left-lateral DST and the left-lateral oblique-slip Karasu fault zone during the neotectonic period. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS     

阿尔金山北段阿克塞—当金山口一带新生代山体抬升和剥蚀的裂变径迹证据

阿尔金山北段阿克塞—当金山口一带的裂变径迹测年证据表明,该地区于9～7 Ma以来发生过快速抬升和剥蚀,并且一直持续形成了现今所见的阿尔金山。新生代以来至少经历了三次抬升:早期43.6～24.3Ma、中期19.6～13.6 Ma、晚期9～7 Ma。抬升速率先缓慢、后相对快速,9～7 Ma以来的抬升速率为0.94 mm/a。晚期的构造拾升可能与阿尔金断裂带左行走滑活动有关,而与相邻的柴达木盆地北缘地区的构造抬升并不一致。     

江南东段地区NE-SW向断裂带断层滑移矢量反演及其大地构造意义

华南中-新生代构造演化受太平洋构造域和特提斯洋构造域的联合控制.以江南东段NE-SW向景德镇-歙县剪切带和球川-萧山断裂中发育的脆性断层为研究对象,利用野外交切关系和断层滑移矢量反演方法厘定了7期构造变形序列并反演了各期古构造应力场,讨论了断层活动的时代及其动力学.白垩纪至新生代研究区7期古构造应力场分别为:(1)早白垩世早期(136～125Ma)NW-SE向伸展;(2)早白垩世晚期(125～107Ma)N-S向挤压和E-W向伸展;(3)早白垩世末期至晚白垩世早期(105～86Ma)NW-SE向伸展;(4)白垩世中期(86～80Ma)NW-SE向挤压和NE-SW向伸展;(5)晚白垩世晚期至始新世末期(80～36Ma)N-S向伸展;(6)始新世末期至渐新世早期(36～30Ma)NE-SW向挤压和NW-SE向伸展;(7)渐新世早期至中新世中期(30～17Ma)NE-SW向伸展.结合区域地质研究表明,第1期至第4期古构造应力场与古太平洋构造域的板片后撤、俯冲以及微块体(菲律宾地块)间的碰撞作用有关;第5期伸展作用受控于新特提斯构造域俯冲板片后撤,而第6期和第7期古构造应力场主要与印-亚碰撞的远程效应有关.白垩纪至新生代,华南东部受伸展构造体制和走滑构造体制的交替控制.先存断裂的发育可能是导致华南晚中生代走滑构造体制的主要控制因素.