太湖—中国东部平原的一个大型浅水湖泊

The outline of Taihu Lake Basin, including the geographical and hydrometeorological characteristics, its main functions and resource-environmental state and problems facing in Taihu Lake were introduced.     

太湖1989—1993年富营养化资料的分析

The water quality of Lake Taihu has declined markedly in the past two or three decades. We used modern non-parametric statistical methods to analyse the water quality record for 1989-1993 (samples collected at 2-monthly intervals). Phytoplankton blooms have been a particular problem, as the very high peak chlorophyll a concentrations in the Meiliang (up to 0.4 g·m^-3) and the coastal regions (up to 0.5 g·m^-3) indicate. However, over a large area of the middle of the lake, peak chlorophyll a concentrations were much lower (0.01-0.03 g·m^-3). In this deeper, turbid part of the lake there may often be insufficient underwater light to support rapid phytoplankton growth; grazing by the abundant benthic bivalves may also be important. Total phosphorus (P) concentrations in the coastal waters increased significantly (p < 5%). Suspended solids concentrations also increased significantly, and as a result transparency decreased. However, phytoplankton probably usually only account for a small proportion of the suspended material, so the parallel increase in total P and suspended solids may be coincidental. Significant increases in chlorophyll a were not observed, but phytoplankton blooms are often short-lived (e.g. days to weeks), and thus may not always be detected by the 2-monthly sampling.     

太湖水污染控制的目标及设想

According to the social and natural conditions of Taihu Lake Basin, the planning objectives and some ideas for water pollution prevention in Taihu Lake and its surrounding river-lake system are proposed.     

太湖微囊藻的生长动力学

Following the development of local industries, agriculture and the increase of living standard of people, Lake Taihu is in the meso-eutrophication stage. The main eutrophication part in this lake is the Meiling Bay. The dominant phytoplankton species are Microcystis, Anabena, Melosira, Cyclotella and Cryptomonas. In summer, Microcystis spp. occupys 85% of algae biomass and form the water bloom. This causes the trouble for the people lived around the lake, especially for the drinking water of Wuxi City.The Microcystis intrinsic rate was high, the Max. growth rate 1.27. Besides Microcystis own characteristics, its growth depended on irradiation, temperature and nutrients, especially the phosphorus. This paper also discussed the possibility of biomanipulation for restoration of lake ecology and the control strategy of lake eutrophication.     

太湖污染控制及水生态系统的恢复对策

Taihu Lake is a mutiple-function fresh water lake situated in the delta of Yangtze River. Nowadays, the serious pollution mainly created by industry and residents'' life has made the water quality of the lake decline continuously. Eutrophication is the main characteristic of the water pollution. The water pollution not only affect the several functions of the lake, but also cause the changes of the aquatic biological community.The pollution control strategies to be adopted include the treatment of the industrial waste water and residents'' life sewage, as well as the agricultural non-point polluting source. Ecological engineering is the useful measure for diminishing the nutrition salts in water. On the basis of pollution control, the ecological restoration methods include the transplanting of the emerged and/loading anchored aquatic plants at first and the restoration of the submerged plants in the next.     

在藻型富营养湖泊中恢复大型水生植物净化水质的物理生态工程——以中国太湖五里湖为例

In the barren lake, algae-type eutrophication lake, fifteen aquatic vascular plants were introduced and vegetated in our enclosures of physical-ecological engineering. The area of each enclosure is 200 m², with length of 40m, width of 5m and depth of 1.8m. From 1995 to 1997, we had successfully vegetated 15 communities with the propagation techniques of pot-culture and sturdy seedling. The communities included floating, leave-floating and submerged macrophytes, such as Altemanthera phyiloxeroides, Eichhomia crassipes, Trapa maximowiczii, Nymphoides peltata, Potamogeton maackianus, P. crispus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea nuttallii, etc. These aquatic macrophytes not only adapted themselves to the environment but also purified the lake water.     

VCS柱状采样及其在中国太湖富营养化评价中的应用

The lake sediments, especially in recent years, genuinely record human being''s activities upon the lake environment. The top 30cm sections are of significance in the process of advanced cultural eutrophication and water quality deterioration. Based on the data of 4 core sam-ples obtained in June 19-22, 1997, with VCS in northern, western and southern Taihu Lake, some preliminary results are reported. Further analyses on the physico-chemical items as well as element content may reveal more information of the accelerating cultural eutrophication.     

综合治理太湖污染的一种方法：为环境目的而挖泥

The eutrophication of Lake Taihu is becoming more serious day by day and more urgent to be comprehensively harnessed. The lake sludge is considered as a important polluting factor. To control the internal pollution source of Lake Taihu and restore its water ecological environment, this paper put forward an idea of the dredging for environmental purposes. It was on the basis of the research on the sludge storage and physical/chemical characteristics. The technical keys are sludge-dredging depth, time, method and sludge treatment. The requirements and scheme for the environmental dredging work in Lake Taihu were also analyzed in detail.     

青海湖近900年来气候环境演化的湖泊沉积记录

通过对青海湖沉积物碳酸盐含量、磁化率、TOC等多环境指标的分析,探讨了青海湖地区近900年来的气候环境演变。结果表明青海湖地区近900年来气候变化属于暖干－冷湿的气候演替类型,经历了5次冷湿期和5次暖干期,中世纪暖期、小冰期以及20世纪以来的升温在该沉积岩芯有清晰的记录。沉积物的磁化率和沉积速率的变化忠实地记录了本世纪以来人类活动的影响。     

太湖富营养化污染源及其生态控制方法

In accordance with the natural, geographic, and ecological characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the relation between the water body of Taihu Lake and its surrounding environment, an area, which has tight relevance with the water environment of Taihu Lake, was token as the main investigation region. The area was named as the Taihu Lake Region. Some factors, such as TN, TP, COD_Cr that characterized the main environmental problem, the eutrophication were selected when conducted the pollution sources investigation on in Taihu Lake Region. The categories, distribution, pollution contribution to the Lake of dijferent pollution sources, as well as the routes of pollutants entering the Lake were basically made clear. Pollution sources that must be preferentially controlled and the direction of controlling those main pollutants, such as TN, TP, CODCr, were proposed. Base on the investigation, a series of eco-systematic approaches for controlling Taihu Lake eutrophication were put forward. They are ecosystem regulation, nutrient substances transferring along food chain, trophic masse degrading step by step along the route from a pollution source to the Lake, building ecological preventive zone of the Lake, as well as the ecological measures for point sources treatment and so on.     

太湖晚冰期—全新世气候、环境变化的沉积记录

本文根据西太湖３．９６ｍ长湖泊岩芯沉积物的地球化学、微体古生物的综合分析,讨论了太湖距今１４００多年来的演化过程,结果表明：１４３００－１３０００ａＢＰ气候干旱,西太湖尚未形成：１３００－１１０３０ａＢＰ降水增加,湖泊形成,但气候偏凉;１１０３０－１０２００ａＢＰ是一个较显著的冷偏湿期,湖泊水位相对较深;１０２００－９５００ａＢＰ为一温干时期;９５００－７２００ａＢＰ是偏暖湿的过渡阶段,内部波动剧     

洱海地区一万多年以来气候环境演化的湖泊沉积记录

根据对洱海北部10．8m深水区ES孔沉积物高分辨率的孢粉、粒度、碳屑、藻类分析,结合AMS^14C测年数据,划分了11个阶段,恢复了一万多年以来云南洱海地区气候环境演化序列．全球性的降温事件在该地区都有明显的反映,包括9900aBP(Younger Dryas)、8500aBP、7100aBP、5100aBP左右的四次冷事件,6800—5500aBP为全新世水热配置最佳期,距今2400年开始该地区出现较为明显的人类活动．     

近30年来太湖流域湖泊岸线形态动态变化

湖泊的岸线特征是表征湖泊形态特征的一项重要内容．本文应用分形理论中的计盒维数,基于岸线长度与面积 关系的分形维数及岸线发育系数,对太湖流域主要湖泊的湖泊岸线变化进行了研究．结果表明,分形维数可以更好的对 湖泊岸线进行量化描述,太湖流域主要湖泊的岸线具有自相似性;近30年来,太湖流域湖泊的岸线曲折度降低,岸线长度 减少,岸线结构趋于单调．     

基于遥感技术的太湖近15年面积动态变化

本文利用80年代后期以来不同时期的LANDSAT卫星遥感图像,研究了近15年太湖的面积变化状况。研究结果表明:从1988年到2003年的15年来,太湖面积共减少9.0226km2,其中湖泊围垦了4.4584km2,湖滩地面积0.6968km2,取土围堰面积3.8674km2.     

太湖沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义

本文以太湖沉积物为研究对象,试图在磁性测量的基础上,对太湖湖区四个样芯进行分层,建立芯间层位对应联系,并结合孢粉,粒度,地球化学和有机质含量等分析测定,从沉积物样芯的磁参数曲线变化中提取该地区的环境变化信息,研究结果表明,由于该方法具快速简便,经济易行,无破坏等优点,从而可能对样芯作连续测量,以提取分辨率的环境变化信息,在湖泊沉积物的研究中有着独的作用,可作为地球化学,孢粉,微体古生物,粒度等分析     

太湖：过去、现在和将来

The presence of roads, farm house foundations, wells and Liangzhu period cultural relics in the bottom of Lake Taihu attest to the fact that this shallow depression was probably dry between 4 and 5 thousand years ago. This interpretation is corroborated by the sudden disappearance of algal pigments at sediment depths carbon-14 dated at 4-5 thousand years before present.In winter, the stronger winds are predominantly from the northeast. These winds result in a powerful counterclockwise current that transports lake sediments and has altered the very shape of the lake over the last 300 years. Winds produce a complex mixing pattern in Lake Taihu with storm induced sediment deposition occurring near the lake''s center.During approximately 240 days of the year, the wind blows across Lake Taihu with sufficient force to mix it to its bottom. As a result, this polymictic lake rarely becomes anoxic and dissolved oxygen at the mud water interface is maintained at or above 4 mg·l^-1. The consequences of this high dissolved oxygen are quite impressive as high organic loading to the lake would otherwise render its bottom waters anaerobic killing many of its natural inhabitants.Because suspended solids reduce (attenuate) light penetration, the major primary production takes place in the top metre of the lake (mean Secchi Transparency-0.25 m). Suspended clays are slow to settle and wind mixing keeps fine-grained suspended solids in suspension in all but the most quiet backwaters of the lake.In the recent past about 23 000 metric tonnes of phytoplankton were produced in Lake Taihu. This large production represents only about 5% of the total influx of organic material entering the lake. In summer and fall, cyanobacteria such as Microcystis spp. and Anabaena spp. dominate most of the lake. Recently, however, mixotrophic flagellates displaced cyanobacteria as the dominant algae in parts of Lake Taihu with high bacteria and high suspended solids (e.g. Wuli and Meiliang Bay). In the future, facultative heterotrophs may come to dominate an ever larger portion of the lake waterc column.     

太湖流域海面-地面变化信息系统研究

从生态脆弱性的一般属性出发,分析太湖生态脆弱性特征的形成和发展,太湖是我国典型的生态脆弱区,且有继续发展的可能趋势。迫切需要我们摆脱“鱼米之乡”,“人间天堂”等观念束缚,针对生态脆弱性特征,探索消除生态脆弱矛盾的对策措施。     

根据生物指标区分东太湖和西太湖

The methods and analytical results for distinguishing lake types of East Taihu Lake and West Taihu Lake by biological markers were dealt in this paper.     

环太湖江苏段入湖河道污染物通量与湖区水质的响应关系

基于2008-2018年环太湖江苏段入湖河道污染物通量及湖区水质数据,从时空变化及相关关系两个方面探讨了入湖污染物通量与湖区水质的响应关系,并分析了污染物进入湖体影响水质的主要因子.结果表明:太湖污染减排已见成效,氨氮、总氮、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量入湖污染物通量整体呈下降趋势,年均下降率分别为8.0%、2.0%、1.6%和2.2%,湖体氨氮和总氮时间格局响应较好,年均下降率分别为2.1%和2.3%.湖体氨氮、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量与入湖污染物通量整体由西北部、西部湖区向东南部、东部湖区递减,空间格局上响应基本一致.全湖区年尺度总氮、氨氮浓度与入湖河道污染物通量分别呈显著正相关、极显著正相关关系;影响湖区总氮、氨氮的主要因子为入湖河道的总氮、氨氮浓度,其次为入湖河道浓度与原湖区水质差值,因此亟需加强入湖河道水质浓度的控制.     

2007年太湖五里湖浮游植物生态学特征

研究了2007年太湖五里湖浮游植物的生态学特征.结果表明:五里湖共检出浮游植物8门123种;其中绿藻种类最多,共57种,占浮游植物总种数的46.3%;硅藻次之,共23种,占浮游植物总种教的18.7%;浮游植物种数以冬春季多、夏秋季少.调查期间.浮游植物数量和生物量分别变化在386.2×10~4-5581.9×10~4cells/L和0.541-3.491mg/L,均以绿藻最高;浮游植物数量的季节变化表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;且除绿藻外,浮游植物的季节演替规律与PEG模型基本一致.相似性分析显示,五里湖1、3、4、5月份的生境相似,6、7、8、9、11月份的生境相似.优势度分析显示,五里湖各个月份的浮游植物优势种都在2种以上,优势种主要有小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、小球衣藻(ChLamydomonas microsphaera)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginisa)等14种,优势种种数较多且优势度不高,变化在0.02-0.78之间;多样性和均匀度分析显示,五里湖浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数分别变化在1.5-2.7和0.26-0.59之间,多样性和均匀度都较好:表明2007年五里湖浮游植物群落结构比较复杂、处于较完整状态.