Reverse tracing of precursors and earthquake precursors in Taiwan

In this paper, we investigate the precursors of large earthquakes in the eastern region of Taiwan by means of the reverse tracing of precursors. We discuss the parameters which are suitable for the seismic chains and intermedi- ate-term patterns in this region and obtain the threshold of the patterns. Applying the linear discriminate method to the intermediate-term patterns of seismic chains, we present an approach for exploring the precursors of large earthquakes. The results show that this method can reduce the false alarm rate for large earthquakes in this region, and the reverse tracing of precursors can be applied to the eastern region of Taiwan.     

South Segment of Minjiang Fault and Diexi Earthquake in 1933

Diexi earthquake(M7.5)in 1933 is a great event that occurred at the east border of Qinghai- Xizang Plateau in the 20th century.There are obviously different opinions about the shape ofisoseismal lines and the genetic fault of this earthquke.Based on the study of the newlyfound north-south trending active fault and ground fissures of Diexi earthquake,this papertends to hold that,as the southward extension of Miujiang fault,this north-south trendingactive fault might be the genetic fault of this event.     

An explanation of the large PGA value of 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake at 51BXD station through topographic analysis

In Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake, a large amount of strong ground motion recordings were collected. In this paper, we analyze the recordings carefully. The abnor- mality of ground motion recordings is identified through a log linear regression. In the station of 51BXD, the PGA value has exceeded 1 g, which is the biggest peak ground acceleration （PGA） value obtained from all recordings in this earthquake. The log linear relation shows the PGA value in this station is abnormally large. As this station is located on the footage of a hill, the topographic amplifi- cation factor is explored in order to explain this abnor- mality. Through 3D numerical modeling using spectral element method with transmitting boundary conditions, the amplification factor is quantized. In this station, the topo- graphic amplification is highly polarized in the direction of East-West which agrees with the empirical recordings. This research result suggests us in future directionality of topographic amplification should be considered in the aseismic design.     

A Catalogue of Earthquakes With Moment Magnitude of the Center-Southern Asia Test Area of the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program

We compile a regional catalogue of earthquakes with moment magnitude of the Center-Southern Asia test area(20°-35°N,85°-105°E)for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program(GSHAP).There are significant inhomogeneous and uncompleted data,and n uniformity of earthquake magnitudes in this test area because this region is situated on the boundaries of many countries,such as China,India,Nepal,Vietnam,etc.We establish a relationship between Gutenberg surface-wave magnitude and IASPEI surface-wave magnitude,which can be used for conversion of different magnitude scales into moment magnitude for this catalogue.A catalogue of events with Mw≥6.0 of this test area is given at the end of this paper.     

A preliminary study of early agriculture practices at the Haojiatai site in Luohe city,Henan Province

As the most fundamental economic sector of human societies,farming has played a significant role in interactions between humans and the environment.The study of crop patterns in various regions could not only clarify the economic foundations of early societies,but also greatly improve our understanding of interactions among human beings,the environment,and other creatures.In this regard,this study focuses on early agriculture practices at the Haojiatai site,situated in the cultural and natural transitional region between North and South China.Macro plant remains from this site reveal that foxtail millet was the most important staple crop here during the Longshan and Xinzhai periods(4300–3800 cal.yr BP),along with common millet and a small amount of rice and soybean.This crop pattern is in contrast to the ancient environmental conditions of this region,and cultural factors such as agriculture traditions and food preferences may have been more important in the formation process of this crop pattern.     

Characteristics of Seismic Wave Propagation in the Binchuan Region of Yunnan Using a Dense Seismic Array and Large Volume Airgun Shots

The Binchuan region of Yunnan is a structurally complex region with mountains, basins, and active faults. In this situation,seismic wave propagation exhibits complex characteristics due to strong heterogeneity of underground media instead of following the great-circle path. In order to obtain a high-resolution shallow crustal structure, a dense seismic array was deployed during March 21 to May 30, 2017 in this area. To better understand the complexities of seismic wave propagation in this region, we perform array-based frequency-domain beamforming analysis and single-station based polarization analysis to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation, using airgun-generated P-wave signals recorded by dense array stations in this experiment. The results from these two methods both reveal similar but complex characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the Binchuan basin. The azimuth anomalies off the great-circle path are quite large with values up to 30°, which is caused by strong structural heterogeneity in the very shallow crust. Our research provide a better understanding of the complex geologic structures in this area and provide guidance for detecting concealed faults and distribution of velocity anomalies.     

祁县井水温和水位的奇异潮汐关系探讨

Tidal phase of water temperature in Qixian well, Shanxi Province is ahead of water level, which is different from the normal tidal relationship between water temperature and water level. Observation curves of this phenomenon are introduced in this paper, and co-seismic response data of water temperature and water level are used to check the thermometer time system, confirming that this phenomenon is true. Using the harmonic analysis method, variations of time difference between water temperature and water level for the M2 wave are worked out, which indicates that this phenomenon exists during the whole observation. According to the variations of phase lags for water temperature and water level, and the survey of observation conditions, it is considered that the abnormal phenomenon may be related to inadequate passage of water caused by a well blockage at the depth where the water temperature probe was set.     

Theoretical and numerical studies of chorus waves: A review

Theoretical and numerical models of chorus waves are reviewed in this paper. Specifically, we focus on the nonlinear wave particle interactions and the current understanding of the frequency chirping of rising tone chorus waves. Various other related topics, such as the optimal excitation condition of chorus, the formation of subpackets, and the non-adiabaticity of the nonlinear interaction are also discussed. We end this review paper with a short list of questions of chorus waves that are still under research and debate.     

新疆及邻区地震构造图简介

This paper briefly introduces the Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang and its neighborhood in the scale of 1∶2500000.The map is amended,supplemented and expanded based of the newly compiled Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang in scale 1∶1000000.The base map of this seismotectonic map is the geologic map of western China and its neighborhood compiled by Li Tingdong.The abundant new materials from related research,referential literatures and the analyses on remote sensing data were used in the compiling work.A database and relevant documents are built for nearly 300 active faults and 150 active folds.The basic information of the major active faults,especially those near the border areas in this map are introduced in this paper.     

具有动力学含义的强震动态图像预测方法研究

Seismic gap method is one of the effective earthquake prediction methods using seismicity patterns. However, this method has some limitations and uncertainty when using it singly in predicting earthquakes. This paper puts forward the prediction method using the dynamic seismicity pattern with dynamic implications. This method considers the formation and evolution of the seismic gap on the basis of plate movement and structural characteristics. Through analysis of 26 cases of earthquakes of MS≥5.0 occurring in East China and South China, this paper obtains the relationship between the main shock with seismic gap and active fault's location, as well as the relationship between the seismic gap and location and strike of active faults. Meanwhile, this paper provides a dynamic explanation of the differences in the formation and evolution patterns of the seismic gap between the two regions, thus providing the physical basis for and reducing the uncertainty of predicting earthquakes using the seismic gap method.     

基于GPS观测的汶川地震参数反演与库仑应力变化分析

利用汶川MS8.0地震前后的GPS观测资料,借助Okada矩形位错模型反演汶川地震参数,进而应用反演所得地震参数,计算地震在其周围GPS资料负位错反演所得震前应变积累断层段上可能造成的库仑破裂静应力变化,分析地震对其周围构造断裂应变积累的影响。结果表明,汶川震区呈显著逆冲兼右旋走滑同震变化,对甘川交界东段—甘川陕交界区、鲜水河断裂南段与安宁河断裂北端应变积累有一定程度影响,可能以增强作用为主。     

地方地震工作的分级分类管理

根据唐山市地震局业务管理工作的多年实践经验，分析了决定地方地震管理模式的诸因素，以及按地方地震工作方向，任务需要，结合当管理主体与客体的实际，制订管理工作目标等问题。在此基础上，提出了实行分级分类管理的方式和办法。最后，介绍了强化运行机制的四种激励手段。     

用部分反射雷达研究低电离层的不规则性

本文建议用电压干涉技术通过部分反射雷达来测量低电离层中的电子浓度不规则性及其扰动。电压干涉技术首先由Woodman提出用在Jicamarca的非相干散射雷达上,精确地确定一个高的局部散射区的位置。在单个散射体存在的情况下,这是一个简单而有效的技术。但当多个散射体同时存在时便产生了问题。Farlty等发展了一个谱干涉方法,可以有效地区分不同的散射体。后来此方法采用一对或3个天线成功地用在对流层、中层和电离层扰动的研究中。Rttger等也使用事后波束控制（Postsetqeam Steering）方法,广义上说这也是干涉方法,来确定大气扰动结构和一些参数。Adams等则更进一步提出了一个工作在中频2.66MHz的成像Doppler干涉方法,通过10个天线采用谱干涉和Doppler技术研究中层大气扰动的物理机制。     

一种新的地磁图纸数字化软件:GDDS

介绍一套新的地磁图纸数字化系统(Geomagnetic Drawing Digitalization System,GDDS),该系统以图像处理技术为基础提供图纸扫描,倾斜矫正,图像剪切,等比例拉伸,去除水平线和垂直线、波形跟踪等功能．其关键技术包括小波分析,图像细化和象素跟踪．该系统使用户可以用计算机处理分析记录在图纸上的地磁波形,使地震研究更加快捷方便,为地震预测预报工作提供了一个有效的工具．     

瀑布沟水电站水库天然地震本底特征

瀑布沟水电站处于相对稳定的瓦山断块上,水库的库尾位于龙门山断裂带、鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带的交汇部位,地震活动相对强烈。了解和掌握水库蓄水前库坝区及其周围天然地震活动背景水平,可对水库诱发地震的危险性进行前期评价,为蓄水后的诱发地震活动监测预测提供可靠的鉴别依据。在水库蓄水前瀑布沟水库地震台网一期运行逾3年,二期运行逾1年,本文用这批资料提供库区及附近蓄水前天然地震活动水平确切实用的各项指标。用全国和四川台网地震资料,给出含库区的较大区域地震活动背景和对库区的影响,同时给出库区及附近ML≥2．5地震的活动特征。     

南海北部陆坡区多次波发育特征及压制策略分析

南海北部陆坡坡折带和常规海上地震勘探观测系统的制约,再加上南海北部陆坡区复杂的海底地层构造,导致南海北部陆坡区地震勘探成像结果不够理想.究其主要原因是多次波发育复杂、遮挡了一次波能量,也就直接影响到一次波的成像效果,从而制约了对陆坡区更深入的油气勘探.本文结合南海北部陆坡区的构造特征,依据多次波的产生机理分析多次波的发育分布状况,得出单一的地球物理方法已经不能较好的解决南海北部陆坡区的多次波压制问题.针对该区域复杂的地质背景,在综合运用多种地球物理方法的基础上,严格依照多区域、多尺度的理念,提出一套适应南海北部陆坡区多次波压制的系统策略.经过实际资料检验,有效的压制南海北部陆坡区的多次波干扰,最大程度的突出一次波成像,为南海北部进一步的油气勘探夯实基础.     

岫岩—海城5.1级地震宏观考察及震灾损失评估

继海震５．６级地震以后,于２０００年元月１２日灾海城、岫岩交界处发生了５．１级地震,震中烈度为ＶＩＩ度。本文就这次地震的特点和震灾损失作了阐述,这次地震所造成的损失为２６５１．８４万元。     

1933年叠溪地震的发震位置、震源机制与区域构造

1933年发生于中国四川省境内的叠溪M7.5大地震造成了人民生命财产的重大损失.然而限于资料匮乏,人们对此次地震的发震构造和震源机制解的认识尚不统一.本文收集整理了当时全球各地震台站对此次大地震的记录,对叠溪地震进行了重新定位,确定的震中位置为31.9°N,103.6°E.挑选具有P波初动符号的台站记录,利用格点尝试法...     

A network of knowledge on applying an indicator‐based methodology for minimizing flood vulnerability

Flood vulnerability assessment plays a key role in the area of risk management. Therefore, techniques that make this assessment more straightforward and at the same time improve the results are important. In this briefing, we present an automated calculation of a flood vulnerability index implemented through a web management interface (PHP) that enhances the ability of decision makers to strategically guide investment. To test the applicability of this methodology using this website, many case studies are required in order to cover the full range of cases in terms of scale such as river basin, subcatchment and urban area. This requires prompt solutions with large amounts of data and this has led to the development of this automated tool to help organize, monitor, process and compare the data of different case studies. The authors aim to create a network of knowledge between different institutions and universities in which this methodology is used. It is also hoped to encourage collaboration between the members of the network on managing flood vulnerability information and also promoting further studies on flood risk assessment at all scales. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非常规电测深法在工程地质勘查中的应用

本文提出了“非常规电测深法”的概念及实际操作过程,阐述了其应用条件和效果.存在高阻屏蔽层时电法解释较为困难.针对这一情况,本文提出了高阻屏蔽层影响的校正方法,提高了电法解释的精度和效果.