三维弹性侧壁液舱内液体晃动波面的实验研究

通过物理模型实验,对弹性侧壁液舱和刚性液舱内液体晃荡问题进行了研究。由于流固耦合的影响,弹性侧壁液舱内液体晃荡的最低阶固有频率稍小于同尺寸的刚性液舱内液体晃荡的最低阶固有频率。液舱模型处于纵向简谐激励作用下,其中激励频率在最低阶固有频率附近。实验分析两种相对液深比h/L=0.167和h/L=0.333,在二阶模态的次共振和一阶模态的共振状况下,对弹性侧壁液舱与刚性液舱内不同测点的波面、振幅谱和晃动波高进行对比分析。结果表明:在浅液深(h/L=0.167)一阶共振下,流固耦合对波面形态的影响比较明显,弹性侧壁液舱内测点晃动波高明显大于刚性液舱内对应测点波高;而在一般液深(h/L=0.333)一阶共振下,水弹性效应减弱,弹性侧壁液舱与刚性液舱内对应测点处波高差异较小。     

双浮板液舱晃荡特性的数值研究

基于黏性流理论,采用动网格技术和6自由度模型,以及动量源方法,建立了双浮板液舱晃荡的数值模型。分别采用3种不同空间步长的网格离散计算区域,进行了网格收敛性验证。通过光滑液舱晃荡的模型试验和解析得到的爬高最大值,验证了数值模型的精确性。在载液率为50%,激励幅值为2 mm条件下,对双浮板液舱晃荡进行了数值计算,与光滑液舱相比,双浮板液舱晃荡的最大爬高明显减小。通过一个激励周期内双浮板液舱晃荡的波面显示发现,液舱晃荡模式由光滑液舱的驻波模式变为U管模式,晃荡模式的改变起到了明显地抑制液舱晃荡的效果。     

MPS方法数值模拟液舱晃荡问题

基于无网格粒子法MPS方法(moving particle semi-implicit method)研究了液舱晃荡问题。针对二维矩形液舱晃荡问题进行了数值验证,结果表明MPS方法能够很好地计算晃荡产生的拍击压力。同时将MPS方法应用到带隔板的液舱晃荡问题计算中,分析了二维和三维带隔板液舱晃荡问题。计算结果表明:隔板的存在很大程度地限制了流体的水平运动,隔板附近出现了自由面的翻卷、破碎和融合现象,MPS方法能够很好地模拟这些流动现象。计算得到的波高与实验测得的波高吻合较好,表明MPS方法模拟带隔板的晃荡问题具有一定的可靠性。     

组合隔板抑制液舱晃荡机理的数值方法研究

液舱晃荡是船舶与海洋工程领域的热点问题,有效地抑制液舱晃荡、减小壁面冲击载荷关系着船体结构的安全。使用内嵌隔板是抑制舱内晃荡,减小壁面冲击载荷的有效手段。实际工程中,内嵌隔板的最优设计的前提是对隔板抑制晃荡的机理有深入了解。CIP法具有高精度、低耗散等特点,以THINC格式捕捉自由液面,可以再现液面破碎、翻卷、涡旋以及液滴飞溅等现象。基于此法,建立了数值液舱,对比了单一隔板和组合隔板抑制晃荡的效果。结果表明,内嵌隔板的安装在水平位置上应尽量靠近舱底中线,在垂直位置上应尽量靠近自由液面,且液面附近安装的双垂直隔板抑制晃荡能力最佳。     

FLNG液舱晃荡压力影响因素及安全性评估研究

针对大型浮式液化天然气储卸生产装置FLNG的液舱晃荡压力变化特征,在深水试验池中开展带液舱模型的FLNG水池模型试验研究。通过试验,获得了FLNG在风浪流联合作用下的浮体六自由度运动,以及相应的液面高度变化数据。通过液舱的液面高度变化数据,提出平液面假设,并在此基础上,求得液舱晃荡引起的舱壁压力变化结果。研究中进一步讨论了液舱晃荡压力的影响因素,并将试验数据与CCS船级社规范计算结果进行对比,为FLNG液舱晃荡压力引起的结构安全性评估提供技术支持。     

液舱三维晃荡运动二阶共振理论解及特性分析

从无旋运动的理论出发,并利用微扰法,推导了液舱三维晃荡运动二阶共振问题的理论解。考虑纵荡和横荡运动情况,对液舱三维晃荡二阶共振问题进行了分析。当两个晃荡方向的和频(即其外部激发频率的和)或差频(即其外部激发频率的差值)等于液舱固有频率时,二阶共振发生;当某一晃荡方向(横荡或纵荡)外部激发频率与另一晃荡方向(纵荡或横荡方向)液舱某一固有频率的和或差值等于液舱另一固有频率时,二阶共振也会发生。进一步研究了各个二阶共振激发频率下水深变化对晃荡振幅的影响。结果表明,对于两个晃荡方向外部激发频率的和频和单一晃荡方向(纵荡或横荡)某一个激发频率与另一晃荡方向(横荡或纵荡)某一个属于奇模的固有频率的和频所引发的共振情况,水深变化对共振振幅大小的影响比较大;而对于相应差频所引发的共振情况,水深变化对共振振幅大小的影响比较小。     

液舱晃荡实验风险分析方法研究

以液舱晃荡实验为风险评估对象,利用事故树分析法进行风险辨识,确定风险评价指标体系,然后在此基础上建立了实验风险的模糊综合评判模型,对实验风险进行评估。同时,对风险因素进行排序,确定主要的风险控制对象。     

基于Level-set法和通度概念液体晃荡特性研究

液体晃荡现象在诸多工程领域具有深刻的研究意义,并引起了广泛的关注。基于Level-set方法,借助流场通度的概念,模拟了流场内具有障碍物的液体晃荡现象。选取不同形式的防晃结构分析研究对晃荡的抑制效果,得到几点关于防晃结构的设计与选择的重要结论。计算结果表明,通度系数法与Level-set方法的结合使用,能够有效地处理流场内带有障碍物的液体晃荡问题,该方法具有一定的可行性和应用前景。     

三自由度晃荡模拟装置及其模态分析

晃荡现象是海洋工程和船舶设计中值得关注的问题,它涉及到自由液面大幅度运动的一系列非线性问题,很难获得一个完全的理论解,相应的试验是主要方法,本文介绍三个自由度的模拟装置,并运用ＭＳＣ／ＮＡＳＴＲＡＮ软件对该装置进行了结构有限元分析,重点在于模态分析。     

考虑晃荡效应的独立B型LNG液舱结构多目标优化

独立B型LNG液舱内部设置舱壁板材及多种桁材,有效缓解了液舱晃荡效应。针对晃荡载荷下的独立B型LNG液舱结构多目标优化,利用规范中的公式计算晃荡载荷,并引入液舱晃荡系数,以期综合反映液舱内部构件对晃荡特性的影响,在此基础上进一步建立以液舱结构重量和液舱晃荡系数为目标的多目标优化模型,采用多目标遗传算法(NCGA),计算得到改进的独立B型LNG液舱结构设计方案。     

Effects of perforated baffle on reducing sloshing in rectangular tank: Experimental and numerical study

A liquid sloshing experimental rig driven by a wave-maker is designed and built to study liquid sloshing problems in a rectangular liquid tank with perforated baffle. A series of experiments are conducted in this experimental rig to estimate the free surface fluctuation and pressure distribution by changing external excitation frequency of the shaking table. An in-house CFD code is also used in this study to simulate the liquid sloshing in three-dimensional （3D） rectangular tank with perforated baffle. Good agreements of free surface elevation and pressure between the numerical results and the experimental data are obtained and presented. Spectral analysis of the time history of free surface elevation is conducted by using the fast Fourier transformation.     

A parametric sensitivity study on LNG tank sloshing loads by numerical simulations

A series of parametric sensitivity studies on unmatched dimensionless scale parameters is carried out on the liquified natural gas (LNG) tank sloshing loads by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program. First, a brief dimensional analysis is conducted to identify the governing and non-matched non-dimensional parameters, assuming that Froude scaling law is adopted. Then the sensitivity of impact pressure is checked through numerical simulations against non-matched parameters, such as fluid viscosity, liquid-gas density ratio, and ullage pressure and compressibility. The CFD simulations are also verified against experimental results. It is concluded that the effects of viscosity and density ratio are insignificant, while the compressibility of ullage space plays an appreciable role, as was pointed out by Bass et al. [Bass, R.L., Bowles, E.B., Trudell, R.W., Navickas, J., Peck, J.C., Yoshimura, N., Endo, S., Pots, B.F.M., 1985. Modeling criteria for scaled LNG sloshing experiments. Transactions of the ASME 107, 272-280].     

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional sloshing phenomena using a finite difference method with marker-density scheme

In the present study, three-dimensional sloshing phenomena occurring in liquid cargo tanks are numerically simulated. The Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation are used for the governing equations, and solved with a finite difference method in a rectangular fixed staggered mesh system. The positions of free surface are defined by the Marker density method satisfying the free-surface boundary conditions, and the flows of the gas and liquid regions are simulated simultaneously. The irregular leg length and star method is employed on the cells near the free surface for the computations of pressure. The computation results are compared with other experimental results to verify the consistency of the present numerical method, and the agreements are reasonably good. Furthermore, the flow characteristics inside a partially filled liquid tank of a real sized ship oscillating regularly and irregularly are computed to verify the possibility of practical application of the present method.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of sloshing using different free surface capturing methods

We investigated the use of numerical methods to predict liquid sloshing phenomena in a moving tank and compared our results to model test measurements. The numerical techniques for the free surface, based on the so-called finite Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) approach, comprised an incompressible VoF method, an incompressible coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid (clsVoF) method, and a compressible VoF method. We assessed the capability of these three numerical methods to achieve suitable numerical predictions of sloshing phenomena, specifically, air pockets and bubbles on the free surface inside a test tank. To observe the described sloshing phenomena, we simulated tank motions leading to well defined single impact wave motions. We performed repeated physical tests for validation purposes. Computed velocity and pressure time histories were compared to experimental data we obtained from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and pressure sensor measurement. Grid sensitivity and turbulence model studies were performed. We demonstrated that the compressible VoF method was the most suitable method to obtain accurate predictions of sloshing phenomena.