鄂尔多斯盆地北部2081铀矿床成矿特征

2081铀矿床的矿石以接触式胶结为主,其次为孔隙式胶结,胶结物主要为水云母,其次为方解石、黄铁矿、针铁矿、褐铁矿等。矿石中粘土矿物主要为蒙脱石,平均含量为73.3%,其次为高岭石和伊利石,无伊利石/蒙脱石混层。铀矿物主要是铀石,UO2含量为46.72%~73.4%,其次为钛铀矿,UO2含量为36.01%~49.01%。铀石大多与黄铁矿伴生,有时与硒铅矿、锐钛矿等伴生,这些伴生矿物都不同程度地含铀。铀主要以吸附态形式存在,在矿床的不同部位,吸附态铀以及U 6、U 4所占的比例存在较大差别,这是由于矿石处于不同的地球化学环境造成的。该铀矿床的形成与烃类具有密切关系。     

镉在蒙脱石等粘土矿物上的吸附行为研究

研究了土壤中主要硅酸盐粘土矿物蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、海泡石对重金属镉的吸附行为.结果表明:硅酸盐粘土矿物吸附镉受酸度和离子强度的影响;吸附反应是快反应,能很好地符合Lagergren二级吸附速度方程;优化条件下的高岭石对镉吸附很弱,蒙脱石、伊利石、海泡石对镉的实验饱和吸附容量分别为2.88、1.08、2.82 mg/g,蒙脱石吸附镉更适合Freundlich拟合,伊利石、海泡石对镉的吸附结果更适合Langmuir拟合;相关性分析表明,硅酸盐粘土矿物对镉的饱和吸附容量大小与其理化性质有关,其中矿物中氧化锰含量高低与其对镉饱和吸附容量大小的相关性达到极显著水平.     

不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的吸附行为对比研究

以皂石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石为原材料,分别与赖氨酸进行反应,研究赖氨酸在上述粘土矿物上的吸附行为, 并运用粉末X-射线衍射技术（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术（FTIR）和热重（TG）等分析方法,表征反应前后粘土 矿物的变化。实验结果表明,不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich等温方程,且不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的 饱和吸附量大小顺序为：皂石>蒙脱石>绿泥石>高岭石>伊利石;XRD结果表明皂石对赖氨酸的吸附发生在矿物层间,而绿 泥石、高岭石和伊利石对赖氨酸的吸附主要在矿物表面进行;FTIR和TG结果表明赖氨酸主要取代粘土矿物层间吸附水,以 氢键的形式与Si-O-Si(IVAl)键合。实验结果将有助于进一步探明环境中粘土矿物对有机质的吸附机理。     

吐哈盆地粘土矿物特征及其与铀成矿关系

吐哈盆地是我国主要砂岩铀矿区之一,对盆地内粘土矿物特征进行的X射线衍射能谱仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析证实:区内粘土矿物中蒙皂石基本为二八面体的蒙脱石,蒙脱石呈丝状、片状,分布于颗粒表面,在扫描电镜下,蒙脱石的集合体常呈花朵状、蜂巢状等形态,或充填于颗粒之间,高岭石集合体形态多样,主要有蠕虫状和风琴状集合体.伊利石集合体在电镜下常呈不规则片状,常平行于颗粒表面呈鳞片状排列或贴附于颗粒表面.从粘土矿物吸附铀的能力来看,氧化带岩石要远大于过渡带矿石.粘土矿物的吸附作用在过渡带铀的沉淀过程中并不起明显作用.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿床粘土矿物特征与地质意义

对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀成矿带产铀层位中侏罗统直罗组砂岩进行系统采样和分析,以探讨砂岩中粘土矿物特征及其重要意义。采用X射线粉晶衍射、电子探针等分析手段,测定粘土矿物相对含量、微观形貌特征。结果表明,研究区砂岩中粘土矿物以蒙脱石、高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石为主。除蒙脱石外,其他3种粘土矿物总体表现为中部纳岭沟地段含量最低,西部大营地段含量最高,蒙脱石则为中部纳岭沟地段含量最高。蒙脱石与高岭石含量呈负相关性,蒙脱石主要由高岭石转化而来,大营地段绿泥石与蒙脱石呈现较好的负相关性,该地段绿泥石主要由蒙脱石转化而来。粘土矿物的蚀变造成了局部的碱性环境,为铀结晶沉淀提供了基础。     

几种粘土矿物对Pb^2＋的吸附作用及其主要影响因素的探讨

对土壤中常见的三种粘土矿物对Ｐｂ＾２＋的附作用及其主要影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明，三种粘土矿物对Ｐｂ６２＋的吸附能力顺序为：蒙脱石－伊利石－高岭石．蒙脱石对Ｐｖ＾２＋的吸附受ＰＨ的强烈影响，ＰＨ高有利于Ｐｂ＾２＋的吸附。与蒙脱石形成复合体形式的有机化合物的存在不利于蒙脱石对Ｐｂ＾２＋的吸附。     

页岩气储层粘土矿物孔隙特征及其甲烷吸附作用

粘土矿物是页岩的主要组成矿物,与页岩气的赋存和富集密切相关。粘土矿物因其特殊的晶体结构,在晶层之间、矿物内部以及矿物颗粒之间形成了不同类型的孔隙,这些孔隙的大小、形貌和比表面积决定着粘土矿物的甲烷吸附能力。为此,本文综述了粘土矿物的孔隙结构以及孔隙中的水和有机质对甲烷吸附性的影响,指出不同类型的粘土矿物孔隙发育与形貌特征存在差异,蒙脱石中多发育圆形、狭缝状的微孔且总比表面积最大,导致蒙脱石在所有粘土矿物中的甲烷吸附量最大;伊利石与高岭石中多发育中孔与大孔,吸附甲烷的能力低于蒙脱石。粘土矿物孔隙中的水与有机质显著影响到甲烷的吸附能力,水分子会占据孔隙表面,降低了甲烷的吸附能力,但可溶有机质对粘土矿物甲烷吸附能力的具体影响目前尚不明了。同时,根据页岩气勘探需求指出了本方向某些有待深入探讨的问题。     

新墨西哥州格兰茨矿带铀矿勘查中的粘土矿物地球化学

对新墨西哥州格兰茨矿带中的含矿岩石和无矿岩石的粘土矿物进行了对比研究,结果表明,绿泥石(玫瑰花状)、伊利石、混合层状伊利石-蒙脱石、(±Mg蒙脱石)组合与板状矿体中的铀矿物是准同生的;这些粘土矿物以及高岭石与格兰茨矿带中靠近主要氧化还原前锋的卷型矿体关系密切。无矿岩石中的粘土矿物特征是含有较丰富的钠蒙脱石、高岭石和面-棱状(face-to edge)绿泥石。矿带中的绿泥石所含的钒要比无矿岩石中的多得多。板状矿     

与铀有关的埃洛石的研究

本文指出除了通常认为的蒙脱石类粘土矿物能吸附较多铀之外、埃洛石也能较多地吸附铀.文中介绍了含铀埃洛石的特征.实验表明埃洛石有膨胀性.埃洛石不但能够由其表面吸附铀,铀也能以铀酰（UO₂）2+方式进入埃洛石的层间.在不同的地质条件下形成不同的富铀粘土矿物.富铀蒙脱石是在碱性环境中形成的,而在中酸性环境中就形成富铀埃洛石.     

广西岑溪和村稀土矿床粘土矿物组成及成矿机制

广西岑溪地区出露众多花岗岩体,形成了大量离子吸附型稀土矿床,前人研究结果表明其与粘土矿物有关。为了真正了解粘土矿物对这种类型稀土矿床成因的影响,用X射线衍射方法,对广西岑溪和村稀土矿床的粘土矿物组成进行研究,分析表明粘土矿物主要是高岭石,其次是伊利石和蒙脱石,同时,粘土矿物的含量和稀土品位高低具有一定的相关性。这类稀土矿床的成因机制是含矿岩体经过风化作用后以离子形式溶于水中的稀土元素被粘土矿物吸附并在风化层底部富集而成矿。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861