LAGFD-WAM numerical wave model——Ⅰ. Basic physical model

The LAGFD-WAM wave model is a third generation wave model. In the present paper the physical aspect of the model was shown in great detail including energy spectrum balance equation, complicated characteristics equations and source functions.     

A hybrid model for numerical wave forecasting and its implementation——Ⅰ. The wind wave model

The authors make an endeavor to explain why a new hybrid wave model is here proposed when several such models have already been in operation and the so- called third generation wave modej is proving attractive. This part of the paper is devoted to the wind wave model. Both deep and shallow water models have been developed, the former being actually a special case of the latter when water depth is great. The deep water model is exceptionally simple in form. Significant wave height is the only prognostic variable. In comparison with the usual methods to compute the energy input and dissipations empirically or by "tuning", the proposed model has the merit that the effects of all source terms are combined into one term which is computed through empirical growth relations for significant waves, these relations being, relatively speaking, easier and more reliable to obtain than those for the source terms in the spectral energy balance equation. The discrete part of the model and the implementation of the mode     

A hybrid model for numerical wave forecasting and its implementation——Ⅱ. The discrete part and implementation of the model

In the first part of the present paper we have explained why we manage to formulate another wave prediction model when so many of them, including the so-called third generation model, have already been in use. The wind-wave part of the proposed model has also been given. Now we proceed to discuss the swell part,the implementation of the model as a prediction method,mumerical experiments done with ideal wind fields and hindcasts made in the Bohai Sea,in the neighboring seas adjacent to China and in the Northwest Pacific.     

On the long-term joint distribution of characteristic wave height and period and its application

By analysing the scatter diagrams of characteristic the wave height H and the period T on the basis of instrumental data from various ocean wave stations, we found that the conditional expectation and standard deviation of wave period for a given wave height can be better predicted by using the equations of normal linear regression rather than by those based on the log- normal law. The latter was implied in Ochi' s bivariate log-normal model(Ochi. 1978) for the long-term joint distribution of H and T. With the expectation and standard deviation predicted by the normal linear regression equations and applying proper types of distribution, we have obtained the conditional distribution of T for given H. Then combining this conditional P(T / H) with long-term marginal distribution of the wave height P(H) we establish a new parameterized model for the long-term joint distribution P(H,T). As an example of the application of the new model we give a method for estimating wave period associated with an extreme w     

Study on short-range numerical forecasting of ocean current in the East China Sea Ⅱ. Three-dimensional diagnostic model and its application in the Bohai Sea

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｈｏｒｔ－ｒａｎｇｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｏｃｅａｎｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ—ＩＩ．Ｔｈｒｅｅ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔ...     

LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式 Ⅱ.区域性特征线嵌入格式及其应用

详细地讨论了非线性源函数的参数化计算方法和模式的隐格式处理,所设计的特征线嵌入格式具有很强的物理意义,解决了时间步长与空间步长的匹配问题,既节省计算时间,又能保证计算结果的精确度。标准风场下的计算结果显示,LAGFD-WAM模式与WAM模式相比有较大改进。LAGFD-WAM模式的台风浪后报结果能很好地与实测资料符合,说明本模式完全适用于区域性海浪数值预报和后报研究。     

Volume scattering model of the sea surface and its application

In this paper the stochastic Green function method is used to solve random wave equation of the electromagnetic field. The volume scattering coefficient formula of the sea surface containing bubbles is given. It is also point out that when the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave is less than 30°, the surface scattering model is not sufficient. The joint problem of the volume scattering and the surface scattering coefficient in the neighbourhood of incident angle 30° is discussed.     

Study on short-range numerical forecasting of ocean current in the East China Sea-Ⅲ Three-dimensional baroclinic anomaly forecasting model and its application

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｈｏｒｔ－ｒａｎｇｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｏｃｅａｎｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ－ⅢＴｈｒｅｅ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｂａｒｏｃｌｉｎｉｃａｎｏｍａｌｙｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｉｎｇｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｉ...     

Characteristics of metals in atmosphere over the western Taiwan Strait Ⅱ. Sources and fluxes

I~IOWDuceetal.(1980)calculatedthattheair-seaexchangeprocesscouldsupply80%--90%ofthediforedironinputtothephotcrzoneoftheSargassoAsfromairand16%--76%tothecentralNorthPacific.CuisessentialtotheTnarineorganisms,butexcessiveCuistoxictOtheOrganisms.CdandPh...     

Hilbert transform and its application to modulation of capillary gravity waves

INTRODUCFIONlt is well known that the stability and interaction of nonlinear waves lead to modulations ofwavenumber and frequency, as well as arnplitude, with the frequency dePendent on bothwavenumber and arnplitude (Witham, l974; Philips, l98l ). These medulations are not justtheoretical curiossities but have important conSequences in oceanography and meteorology, aswell as naval architecture and ocean engineering (honguer-Higgins, l980).By means of Hilbert transfOrm technique, Melvill…     

A numerical model on sea surface wind of typhoon and its hindcasting calibration

Ａｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｏｎｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗｉｎｄｏｆｔｙｐｈｏｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｈｉｎｄｃａｓｔｉｎｇｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ￥ＳｈｅＪｕｎ；ＹｕａｎＹｅｌｉａｎｄＰａｎＺｅｎｇｄｉ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ１４，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅ...     

Theoretical wind wave frequency spectra in deep water——Ⅱ. Comparison and verification of spectra

In this part of the present paper the theoretical spectra derived in Part I are compared with the JONSWAP spectrum and field data, the agreement being encouraging.     

Reseach on three-dimensional tide current mathematical model of coast and its application

Ｒｅｓｅａｃｈ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｒｅｅ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌ　ｔｉｄｅ　ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ　ｍａｔｈｅｍｔｉｃａｌ　ｍｏｄｅｌ　ｏｆ　ｃｏａｓｔ　ａｎｄ　ｉｔｓ　ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎTXＲｅｓｅａｃｈｏｎｔｈｒｅｅ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｔｉｄｅｃｕｒｒｅｎ...     

Characteristics of sulfate in atmosphere over Xiamen waters and its fluxes to waters

One hundred and seven marine aerosol samples were collected during December 1988 to March 1990, and 3 dry deposition samples, 16 rain samples and 2 Cascade Impacter samples were collected from March to May 1990 at the southeast coast of the Xiamen Island. All the samples were analyzed for SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Na+ , NH4+, using ion chromatography.The results indicate that the concentration of sulfate in marine aerosols over the Xiamen waters appears to be of seasonal variation, in an order of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The mean sulfate concentration lor the total marine aerosol samples over the Xiamen waters is 9. 37 μg/m3, respectively 0. 89 and 8. 48 μg/m3 for the seasalt and non-sea-salt sulfate. The distribution of sulfate shows a bimodal form with a peak in the coarse particle range which is derived from the sea-salt sulfate, and a peak in the fine particle range which is derived from the non-sea-salt sulfate. The total deposition of sulfate to the Xiamen waters is estimated to be 4. 68g/m2      

Entropy of sea wave height field and its annual variation in Northwest Pacific Ocean

ＥｎｔｒｏｐｙｏｆｓｅａｗａｖｅｈｅｉｇｈｔｆｉｅｌｄａｎｄｉｔｓａｎｎｕａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎＳｕｎＦｕａｎｄＧｕｏＰｅｉｆａｎｇ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ６，１９９５；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＯｃｔｏｂ...     

Implementation and application of a nested numerical storm surge forecast model in the East China Sea

A nested numerical storm surge forecast model for the East China Sea is developed. Aone-way relaxing nest method is used to exchange the information between coarse grid and fine grid. In the inner boundary of the fine grid model a transition area is set up to relax the forecast variables. This ensures that the forecast variables of the coarse model may transit to those of fine grid gradually, which enhances the model stability. By using this model, a number of hindcasts and forecast are performed for six severe storm surges caused by tropical cyclones in the East China Sea. The results show good agreement with the observations.     

The continental shelf wave of the East China Sea and its effect on the Kuroshio

The free shelf wave theory is applied to the practical case of the continental shelf in the East China Sea to analyse the effects of the shelf wave on the Kuroshio. The results indicate that the shelf wave in lower frequency travels from north to south and its phase velocity is proportional to the Kuroshio's current velocity) the maximum current velocity of the Kuroshio lies at the continental margin. The analytical solutions obtained indicate that the hydrodynamic characters of the sea region over the shelf present band structure. The horizontal motion ( x -component) caused by the shelf wave at the margin may be one of the causes for generating wavy pattern of the Kuroshio's axis .     

Numerical study on residual current and its impact on mass transport in the Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang Estuary Ⅱ. Residual current and its impact on mass transport in winter

I~IOWIn winter, on the impacts Of the Chriolis force and the current along the shore of the EastChina ho, the residual current from the Changjiang River flows south along the shore and enters the ~ Bay in the north, then it moves out of the bay in the south and flows southin the East China Sea (Su and Wang, 1989; Zhu and Shen, 1997). In recent years, scholars have made further analyse on obSerVed date, and have obtained more profound viewson the residual current and mass transport (Pn …