准南前陆冲断带剩余油气资源评价

准南前陆冲断带油气资源认识与勘探实际之间存在矛盾,亟需开展油气资源的重新评价.根据油藏规模序列法存在的不足,采用改进的油藏规模序列预测模型,应用最新勘探成果数据,对准南前陆冲断带的油气资源进行预测.结果表明:准南前陆冲断带未发现油气藏89个,剩余可探明油气储量约为11 543.6×104t,是已探明地质储量的近2倍.准...     

巴布亚新几内亚奥雷褶皱冲断带构造几何学与运动学特征

奥雷褶皱冲断带是巴布亚新几内亚油气勘探的重要区域,但对褶皱冲断带的构造变形样式与演化认识不清。利用覆盖全区的2D和3D地震资料、钻井和地质信息,结合前人在该地区的地质研究成果,以断层相关褶皱理论为指导,对地震资料进行了闭合解释,系统分析了该区褶皱冲断带的构造几何学与运动学特征。研究结果表明:奥雷褶皱冲断带沿走向可以分为东段、中段和西段3段,其构造变形具有明显的差异性:①沿倾向从NE向SW具有变形层次渐浅、卷入层系渐新、变形程度渐弱的变化特征;②沿走向从NW向SE表现为扩展范围渐小、前陆沉积层系渐新、构造变形时间渐晚、缩短率渐大、缩短量渐小的特征;③西段和中段垂向上分层解体,东段为继承性变形。本次研究将助力巴布亚新几内亚的油气勘探,并为澳大利亚北缘区域构造演化研究提供盆内证据。      

大巴山弧形构造带中段渔渡地区侏罗纪叠加变形研究

大巴山构造带是秦岭造山带南部发育的一个以逆冲推覆构造为特征的构造带。通过在大巴山弧形构造带中段渔渡地区进行的详细构造解析发现,大巴山构造带在侏罗纪以来经历了至少两期变形叠加,变形地层三叠系嘉陵江组—侏罗系沙溪庙组。早期变形以与滑脱构造相关的轴向北西—北北西向箱状或隔挡状褶皱为主,并在深部发育顺层滑脱构造,变形时代为晚侏罗世到早白垩世。晚期变形与北侧逆冲相关,导致右行走滑变形,主要形成右行走滑断层和北西—北北西向紧闭褶皱,变形时代比第一期稍晚,为晚侏罗世之后到早白垩世。两期变形形成的褶皱延伸方向一致,与区域构造线的方向协调,而且在远离北侧镇巴断裂的地区变形强度有减弱的趋势,两期变形叠加形成共轴或斜交叠加构造。研究表明,变形与大巴山冲断—推覆构造带向南逆冲有关。     

双层滑脱构造的物理模拟:对准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱冲断带的启示

为了研究双层滑脱构造变形的主控因素,设计了3类砂箱模型,对滑脱层材料、滑脱层厚度、滑脱层黏度、上覆砂层厚度、受力边界条件等主控因素进行物理模拟试验研究。试验结果表明:不同滑脱层材料产生的变形样式不同。以微玻璃珠组成的滑脱层主要产生前展型逆冲叠瓦式断裂构造,下部滑脱层起主控滑脱作用,上部滑脱层厚度、滑脱层之上砂层厚度越大越容易形成滑脱断层;挤压方向与受力边界间的夹角较大时,上部滑脱层容易先形成滑脱断层,其推覆体前缘水平位移较快。以不同黏度硅胶组成的滑脱层产生不同的分层滑脱构造变形样式,当下部滑脱层硅胶黏度为500～1 000Pa.s时,形成分层滑脱前展型叠瓦式构造;当硅胶黏度为2 000～2 500Pa.s时,靠近挤压端先形成背冲构造,然后在上部滑脱层形成叠瓦式构造,在下部滑脱层形成对冲三角带构造、冲起背斜构造。地震和钻井资料显示,准噶尔盆地南缘西段霍尔果斯—安集海褶皱冲断带具有双层滑脱变形特征;模拟结果认为,斜向受力边界、侏罗纪煤层以及古近纪泥岩层的分层滑脱作用是控制变形过程的主要因素。     

推覆构造滑脱层有限变形力学分析

本文根据推覆构造滑脱层的变形特点,运用以S—R分解定理为基础的有限变形力学理论,研究了断坪与断坡滑脱层的变形场特征。用全量及增量方法逆解求出了变形滑脱层所受的边界外力;利用变形场与应力场的分析结果,给出了推覆构造在拆离时推覆席体的推移距离及作用推力的简捷计算公式。     

四川盆地北缘大巴山前陆构造中—新生代构造隆升史

大巴山前陆构造的抬升剥蚀与保存条件对其矿床和油气藏勘探潜力评价极为重要。应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学方法,通过研究大巴山前陆构造热演化史,恢复构造隆升过程,确定其中—新生代构造抬升剥蚀量,探讨大巴山前陆晚期构造隆升对矿床和油气资源的影响。结果表明:大巴山前陆构造在152Ma以前快速沉降,沉降速率平均高达150m·Ma-1,此后便长期处于隆升过程;136~152Ma时期为快速隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为56.3m·Ma-1,隆升量约为900m,是燕山运动导致秦岭造山期后的一次陆内挤压;70~136Ma时期为较缓慢隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为39.4m·Ma-1,隆升量约为2 600m,是秦岭造山晚期挤压的结果;0~70Ma时期的隆升速率为42.8m·Ma-1,持续时间较长,隆升幅度约3 000m,是喜马拉雅构造运动的结果。中生代构造隆升对本区低温热液矿体和油气保存极为不利;上新统以来(8Ma或5Ma),青藏高原快速隆升向东扩展的远程效应对大巴山前陆构造的影响不明显。     

辽南庄河地区辽河群正向滑脱构造变形特征及其找矿意义

辽南庄河地区辽河群变形型式独特。由于群内分层剪切作用，岩层构造置换强烈，伸展构造形迹发育，变形特征清楚，属正向韧脆性滑脱构造系统的上盘组成部分。其运动方向由北东而南西，形成时间早于中生代。不同级别的滑脱面构造，由于晚期构造作用影响，在早期韧脆性变形的基础上叠加了脆性变形，形成构造角砾岩带。沿角砾岩带蚀变普遍，金元素及其伴生元素含量明显高于两侧围岩，个别地段可达工业品位，构成矿体。因而，在辽河群出露区域鉴别同类型构造，沿滑脱面寻找受破碎带控制的蚀变构造岩型金矿，具有重要的找矿意义。     

扬马延微陆块构造特征及火山型被动陆缘远端带构造演化模式

随着全球油气勘探的不断深入,北大西洋极地逐渐成为油气勘探研究的前沿领域,而扬马延矿区勘探程度极低。基于中海油冰岛矿区新采集的地震及重磁资料,结合其他有关扬马延微陆块最新的研究资料,开展了扬马延微陆块的地层和构造特征分析,以及与共轭盆地的对比,建立了扬马延火山型被动陆缘远端带的构造演化模式。研究表明:位于北大西洋格陵兰与挪威之间海域的扬马延微陆块,与北大西洋两侧陆架盆地古生代-中生代地层具有共轭特征;构造呈NE-SE向展布,发育拆离断裂体系,与挪威西部陆架盆地中生界拆离断裂体系具有相似性;构造内部受岩浆侵入及喷出等强烈影响,发育向海倾斜反射层(SDR)及岩浆溢流相沉积。在上述研究基础上,探讨了扬马延微陆块与格陵兰古陆和波罗的海古陆拉断分离的构造演化过程,认为扬马延在古生代-中生代与格陵兰古陆和波罗的海古陆为一体,在经历了古生代-中生代陆内碰撞、弱伸展到陆内裂谷和陆内热沉降后,受北大西洋拉开影响,经历了古近纪和新近纪火山型被动陆缘远端带的形成演化过程,在55 Ma第一次洋中脊扩张期,与波罗的海古陆挪威陆缘盆地分离,在25 Ma第二次洋脊跃迁时期,新生洋脊扩张导致扬马延微陆块与格陵兰古陆分离,在沉积与构造上开始与北大西洋火山型被动陆缘盆地产生分异,最终扬马延微陆块成为孤立在洋壳上的一个"弃子"。本次关于扬马延微陆块的研究揭示了火山型被动陆缘远端带在岩浆活动、拆离断裂作用下,减薄-破裂的残余陆壳及内部新生洋壳的构造面貌及板块构造背景下的演化过程。      

豫西双龙韧性剪切带的显微构造特征及变质变形环境分析

豫西双龙韧性剪切带是位于秦岭造山带核部的一条韧性剪切带,由两侧到中心依次发育了初糜棱岩、糜棱岩、超糜棱岩及假玄武玻璃一系列动力变质岩.该韧性剪切带是东秦岭造山带核部网结状走滑韧性剪切带中的一条,对其开展显微构造研究,对了解东秦岭造山带的变质变形环境及构造演化具有一定地质意义.本文在野外地质工作的基础上,通过对韧性剪切带...     

四川盆地西部陆相碎屑岩层系演化与构造变形特征

四川盆地西部地区沉积了较厚的陆相碎屑岩,同时也是重要的勘探目的层系。根据地层平面展布特征以及剖面解释结果,并结合区域地质背景,分析了四川盆地西部陆相碎屑岩层系的演变过程及其构造变形特征。结果表明:受周缘造山带在不同时期差异隆升的影响,四川盆地陆相碎屑岩层系的沉积中心发生了有规律的迁移,从晚三叠世时的川西前陆盆地迁移至早—中侏罗世时的川东北前陆盆地;四川盆地西部地区陆相碎屑岩层系遭受了印支期、燕山期和喜山期等多期构造事件的影响,盆地属性也随之发生改变,从陆相碎屑岩层系沉积前的克拉通内裂陷盆地转变为晚三叠世早期的大陆边缘盆地,并最终演变为现今的陆内前陆盆地;四川盆地西部陆相碎屑岩层系构造变形以逆冲推覆和褶皱变形为主,兼具弱走滑作用,主要发育叠瓦冲断带、背冲断块、断层相关褶皱、飞来峰等构造样式,同时表现出一定的横向分带性,并控制了圈闭发育的分带性。     

Structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in Bashituo area,Tarim Basin

According to well logs, core, seismic and other geological data, the authors studied the tectonic evolution stages, trap formation stages, fault and fracture development in the Bashituo area, and furthermore, analyzed the time of hydrocarbon accumulation, hydrocarbon migration pathways and related controversial issues in the study area. It is believed that the tectonic evolution in the study area can be divided into three stages, namely Late Hercynian, the Early Himalayan and the Late Himalayan. In the Late Hercynian, tectonic movement led to folding and faulting, resulting in the embryonic form of anticlinal traps. In the Early Himalayan, affected by both tectonic movement and transformation, deep faults reactivated and cut through the Lower Tertiary strata. After the Early Himalayan tectonic movement, faulting stopped and no vertical migration pathway was available. Then hydrocarbon migrated laterally along the sand bodies in the Bachu Formation and accumulated in the Carboniferous reservoirs. However, the Carboniferous accumulation was formed late, and the tectonic movement was weak at the Late Himalayan, and faults were underdeveloped, so the reservoirs in the deep Bachu Formation were not disturbed.     

Structural feature and tectonic evolution of Awati——Bachu area in Tarim Basin

The research area is situated in the western part of Tarim basin, which includes Awati depression and Bachu uplifted block. It underwent three times processes of compression in a large scale and a near term extension since Cambrian. The first compression occurred during Middle Cambrian to Devonian, which formed fault band folds in NW axial direction. They were ＂under-water uplift＂ and distributed all over the research area. The second compression occurred in Late Permian and formed fault band folds and a few fault propagation folds in NS axial direction. They are developed near Tumuxiuke fault belt and the northern research area. The western anticline is bigger than the eastern one in extent and size. The third compression occurred during Palaeogene to Quaternary and formed tumuxiuke fault belt and fault propagation folds in NW direction. They are distributed over the south part of the research area. Tumuxiuke fault belt is a big scale dextral reversed strike-slip fault belt; it transformed or destroyed the fold structure of the research area. A short-term extension occurred during Early Permian. Tarim Basin is in the rift forming stage of craton, and there exist widespread basic vol- canic rocks, basic intrusive bodies and dikes.     

川西坳陷孝泉—丰谷构造带变形特征及成因机制模拟

通过对三叠系不同组段顶面构造图分析和主干地震剖面解释,认为川西坳陷孝泉—丰谷构造带具有走向分带、垂向分层变形特征。该构造带走向上可划分为孝泉、新场、合兴场、丰谷等4排北东东向雁列式滑脱褶皱带,与合兴场—石泉场近南北向背斜构造带近直交;垂向上以雷口坡组内膏盐层为界分上、下两个构造层,上部构造层发育滑脱断层及其相关的褶皱构造,下部构造层产状平缓,断层、褶皱构造不发育。多组平面、剖面模拟实验结果表明:孝泉—丰谷北东东向滑脱褶皱带可能是在龙门山褶皱隆升产生的北西向挤压应力和秦巴山系褶皱隆升产生的近南北向挤压应力联合作用下形成的;合兴场—石泉场近南北向构造带可能是在北西方向的应力单独挤压作用下形成的;雷口坡组内膏盐层在空间上不均衡分布是产生走向分带、垂向分层变形的主控物质因素。     

Permian sequence stratigraphy of shallow water basin in Tarim Basin

Based on analysis of drilling, logging and field profile data, six sequence boundaries in Permian are identified in Bachu and azhong regions of Tarim Basin. All sequence boundaries are of type Ⅰ sequ...     

塔里木盆地东河塘组层序地层学研究

以塔里木盆地东河塘组为研究对象,通过大量野外剖面观测、钻井岩心观察,研究了东河塘组层序划分和特征,共划分4个(SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4)3级层序,论述了不同层序在不同地区层序内体系域的构成特征;研究了层序对比,得出各层序在不同地层分区发育程度不同。为了能更好地揭示东河塘组层序的发育、展布规律,分别建立了东西和南北向的层序地层格架模型。     

THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND ITSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTIN THE SOUTH EDGE OF TARIM BASIN

1 INTRODUCTIONSustainability as present understand comes fromword protection strategy commission, which firstly putforward some wide excepted environmental sustainability principles and three important identifications forlife support system: soil, air and water. Then, in thereport of Our Common Future (WCED, 1987), theconcept of sustainable development is put to an outstanding level. Sustainable groundwater resources development is then a great issue in the recent years andthe future (…     

从He同位素组成探讨塔里木盆地与东部诸含油气盆地天然气的成气机制

通过天然气中He同位素组成来研究天然气的成气机制。用VG-5400静态真空质谱计测定了采自塔里木盆地古生代和中生代地层中天然气的He同位素,其He/4He=2.58×10-8～8.33×10-8,R/Ra=0.019～0.059Ra,平3均值为0.031Ra,而我国东部几个主要含油气盆地天然气的R/Ra平均比值则变化于1.21～2.30Ra。He同位素组成对比研究表明,东部含油气盆地成烃作用是在幔源热流驱动下热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的,而塔里木盆地成烃热源则主要是盆地地热增温热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的。     

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE SOUTH EDGE OF TARIM BASIN，XINJIANG

In the modern times ,the population growth,development of industrial and agricultural production and the petroleum exploitation,brought about the unceasing expansion of artificial oasis and abrupt increase of water demand .The artificial hydraulic irrigation engineering took the place of the natural river systerm,the reservoirs took the placeof natural lakds,which in turn enhanced the space-time redistribution of surface water based on the natural evolution,and so did groundwater.The groundwater recharge reduced 26.2% in 46 years from 1950 to 1995 in the southern piedmont fold plain of Tarim Basin due to mean yearly population increase rate of 27.7‰ and associated with the water use rate increasing from 24.6% to 58.4%.At the same time the artificial water system seepage give primary play to groundwater recharge,which is up to 57.6% whilst that of the natural system reduce to 33.7%.As a result,groundwater level drop 3-5m widespread except some irrigation area and surrounding of plain reservoir.Sping water discharge also reduce about 37.6% and discharge some continuously move away to the north with the value of 0.5-1.2km in the past 40 years.