化探与遥感信息在青海两兰地区找矿预测中的应用

在青海都兰——乌兰地区应用化探与遥感信息进行综合找矿预测,主要是运用迭代法、聚类分析和主因子分析等方法来确定地球化学背景值和快速提取化探异常信息,采用主成分分析、掩膜和图像彩色分割等方法直接从TM遥感图像中提取与金属矿化有关的蚀变信息。在对区域成矿地质条件的综合研究基础上,通过对化探和遥感异常信息与成矿的相关分析,圈定找矿靶区,取得了一定的实际应用效果。     

多龙矿集区控矿构造信息提取、识别与融合

西藏多龙矿集区近年来发现了大量的铜、金矿床,具有可观的资源潜力而倍受关注。通过对区内地质调查及矿产勘查数据的系统梳理与二次开发,利用基于分形理论的空间分析方法对该区成矿背景、构造格架等方面进行了深入细致的研究与探索。通过主成分分析方法,将水系沉积物地球化学数据中与斑岩铜金成矿相关元素和构造活动指示元素进行融合,并利用S-A(能谱-面积)模型对元素组合异常进行信息挖掘工作。结果表明,与区内构造格架相关的地球化学异常空间分布模式在指示矿化的同时,还对其与区域断裂构造之间的成生关系具有相当程度的指示意义。此外,区内开展的空间定量研究同时表明,S-A(能谱-面积)模型对描述由特定地质作用所造成的异常空间分布模式的自相似性有效,特别是针对地球化学背景模式的空间定量化描述,能更加深刻地刻画区内的构造格架并反映成矿背景。其结果推断了控制区内斑岩成矿系统的网格状断裂体系。此外,数据分析建模过程为在该区开展进一步的多元信息提取与融合提供了思路和借鉴经验,有利于找矿新靶区的发现与圈定。     

对应聚类分析与盲矿体的地球化学预测

为利用矿区地球化学数据进行找矿靶区预测,采用了对应聚类分析方法。以山东省平度地区旧店金矿3号脉的实例,说明该方法的实施过程和应用效果。结果表明,该方法以简单步骤和单一图件揭示了在多元地球化学数据中隐藏的核心信息,正确识别了元素含量较低地段的隐伏矿体,为隐伏矿靶区预测探索了一种新的途径。     

遥感与多元地学信息综合找矿定位预测

在青海鸟兰—都兰地区,利用从ETM图像中提取出的遥感矿化蚀变信息、赋矿地层、线环构造,以及区域地质矿产资料、化探异常等多元地学信息,分析研究它们彼此间的空间耦合度,并采用特征分析法,建立成矿预测量化模型,在地质统计单元基础上进行综合找矿定位预测,取得了良好的应用效果。     

利用快速聚类分析分区确定化探背景上限的方法

区域化探原生背景与异常形成于相互独立的地质过程。在岩性复杂区,不同地质单元内背景与异常的成因可能完全不同,划定统一的背景上限显然是不科学的,合理的解决方案是分区确定化探背景上限。这里提出一种采用主要造岩元素为指标,采用快速聚类分析方法划分地质单元并分别计算背景上限的简便方法。以1:200 000郴县幅化探数据为例进行试验,结果表明,该方法能有效地去除不同地质体类型背景对异常的影响,不仅能突出矿区异常,也能削弱高背景区非矿致异常,缩小靶区面积,识别微弱异常。     

因子分析在地球化学分区中的应用:以内蒙古石板井地区1∶5万岩屑地球化学测量数据为例

利用R型因子分析方法,对内蒙古西部石板井地区1∶5万岩屑地球化学测量数据进行了分析,提取出6个具有代表性的因子,绘制出地球化学分区图及因子得分等值线图,并讨论了各分区与其地质背景的对应关系。依据分区结果,结合北山区域成矿背景、工作区地质特征及野外地质调查发现的孔雀石矿化点,确定了Cu-Zn分区是有利的成矿地段,并与志留系公婆泉组变质安山岩有关,90%的孔雀石矿化点位于该分区中。通过对工作区进行地球化学分区,结合各分区中Cu元素含量的统计特征,绘制了Boxplot对比图,分析Cu元素在各分区中的聚集特征,为地球化学勘查提供了找矿方向,确定了成矿有利的地质体。     

Correspondence cluster analysis and its application in exploration geochemistry

Correspondence cluster analysis, developed in this paper, regroups the main advantages of correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. The output of the method, correspondence cluster dendrograms, shows clearly the relationships between variables, between samples, and between variables and samples, on a single diagram. The technique has been applied successfully to distinguish geochemical anomalies from background, to recognize types of anomalies, to study the geochemical characteristics of deposits, etc. Several practical examples presented in this paper show that the method can be used to classify elements and samples into meaningful groups, and that the geochemical character of each sample group can be interpreted in terms of the corresponding element group. The results are consistent with the geological situations at hand, and are usually more elucidating than other classification methods.     

Accounting for spatial patterns of multiple geological data sets in geological thematic mapping using GIS-based spatial analysis

This paper presents a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis scheme to account for spatial patterns and association in geological thematic mapping with multiple geological data sets. The multi-buffer zone analysis, the main part of the present study, was addressed to reveal the spatial pattern around geological source primitives and statistical analysis based on a contingency table was performed to extract information for the assessment of an integrated layer. Mineral potential mapping using multiple geological data sets from Ogdong in Korea was carried out to illustrate application of this methodology. The results obtained from the case study indicated that some geochemical elements and residual magnetic anomaly dominantly affected spatial patterns of the mineral potential map in the study area and the dominant classes of input data layers were also extracted. This information on spatial patterns of multiple geological data sets around mines could be used as effective evidences for the interpretation of the integrated layer within GIS.     

Geochemical mapping based on geological units: a case study from the Marnoso-arenacea formation (Northern Apennines,Italy)

Geochemical maps can provide us with much information on geology, earth surface processes and anthropogenic pressure and are valuable tools for ore prospecting and land management. Stream sediments represent an integral of the various possible sources of sediments upstream from the sampling point therefore there can be multiple signal sources but generally the prevailing signal source is the one related to bedrock geology. Stream sediments collected from active second-order channels including singular geological units, were selected in order to determine the geochemical characteristics of each unit. The aim of this study was to analyze their potential for using them to integrate geological interpretation and produce a geologically-oriented geochemical map. From the 770 samples collected for a regional geochemical mapping program, we selected 149 samples whose catchment basin included only one of the members recognized within the Marnoso-arenacea formation. This middle–upper Miocene (Langhian–Tortonian) turbiditic unit forms the backbone of the Romagna Apennines and has been subdivided into 14 members according to age and lithostratigraphic criteria. The results indicate that there are marked differences in the composition of the members of the Marnoso arenecea formation which indicate the provenance of the sediment and the palaeogeographic evolution of the units. By means of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (Factor analyzes) two main types of sediment compositions are identified: Tortonian members are characterized by sialic coarse grain-sediments while the Langhian–Serravallian members are richer in carbonate fraction, slightly enriched in a mafic contribution. This study elaborated the geochemical data from a geological point of view by integrating the information available in literature to spatially extend the interpretation based on limited site observation as for petrographic studies. In general, the geochemical map based on a geological unit could be a useful tool for carrying out the geological reconstruction of a complex area.     

奇异性理论在弱异常信息提取中的应用—以冀北隐伏中-酸性侵入岩体为例

冀北地区是河北省矿产资源重要聚集地之一,成矿条件优越,其中中-酸性侵入岩体与银铅锌多金属矿床成矿密切相关。然而,大量的第四系覆盖压制了一些深部及隐伏弱异常成矿信息,使得常规化探方法在该覆盖区提取效果微弱。本文运用奇异性分析及主成分分析对冀北1：20万水系沉积物常量元素化探数据进行分析处理,提取区内成矿元素弱异常,并将其与未进行奇异性处理的结果进行对比。结合区域地质背景、物化探资料圈定覆盖区内与中-酸性侵入岩体有关的异常区,对成矿作用、成矿规律进行分析、讨论,以期揭示区内元素富集规律。结果显示,上述组合方法可以有效提取元素弱异常并进行成矿有利区圈定,并且圈定位置与已知岩体位置、区域构造条件相吻合,共圈出隐伏异常点7个,推测其为成矿远景区。     

地球化学调查数据在地质背景、成矿条件分析中的应用:以中国西北干旱荒漠区为例

1:5万矿产地质调查中通常会优先部署地球化学调查工作,采样密度一般大于8点/km2,并分析多达38项地球化学指标,其主要目的是发现"矿致异常",指导矿产勘查工作.而研究表明,区域地球化学数据是地表物质化学组成的直接反映,所以不仅包含了与成矿有关的异常信息,更包含了丰富的地质信息.在本次工作中应用中国西北干旱荒漠景观区1:5万地球化学调查数据成功识别了工作区地质体单元的分布.相比1:20万地质底图,通过clr-PCA分析提取出的1:5万地球化学数据信息展现了更多的细节:（1）地质体单元可以更为细致地划分为多个次级单元;（2）侵入体单元可以进行期次或岩相划分;（3）可为地质体单元的归属提供依据.本项研究结果成功指导了后续开展的1:5万地质调查工作,并对最终的1:5万地质图进行了验证,此外还提供了多处有利找矿线索.      

Geochemical mapping based on geological units: A case study from the Marnoso-arenacea formation (Northern Apennines,Italy)

Geochemical maps can provide us with much information on geology, earth surface processes and anthropogenic pressure and are valuable tools for ore prospecting and land management. Stream sediments represent an integral of the various possible sources of sediments upstream from the sampling point therefore there can be multiple signal sources but generally the prevailing signal source is the one related to bedrock geology. Stream sediments collected from active second-order channels including singular geological units, were selected in order to determine the geochemical characteristics of each unit. The aim of this study was to analyse their potential for using them to integrate geological interpretation and produce a geologically-oriented geochemical map. From the 770 samples collected for a regional geochemical mapping program, we selected 149 samples whose catchment basin included only one of the members recognized within the Marnoso–Arenacea formation. This Middle-Upper Miocene (Langhian–Tortonian) turbiditic unit forms the backbone of the Romagna Apennines and has been subdivided into 14 members according to age and lithostratigraphic criteria. The results indicate that there are marked differences in the composition of the members of the Marnoso Arenecea formation which indicate the provenance of the sediment and the palaeogeographic evolution of the units. By means of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (Factor analyses) two main types of sediment compositions are identified: Tortonian members are characterized by sialic coarse grain- sediments while the Langhian–Serravallian members are richer in carbonate fraction, slightly enriched in a mafic contribution. This study elaborated the geochemical data from a geological point of view by integrating the information available in literature to spatially extend the interpretation based on limited site observation as for petrographic studies. In general, the geochemical map based on a geological unit could be a useful tool for carrying out the geological reconstruction of a complex area.     

“区域异常集中度”的概念、计算方法及其与成矿的关系

为了解释普遍存在的成矿规模与区域化探异常面积大小不成比例的问题,提出了＂区域异常集中度＂的概念,给出了概念的定义、相关要素和计算方法。探讨了区域异常集中度的主要特点,数值大小、计算尺度与成矿规模的关系,适用条件等。认为区域异常集中度反映了成矿物质的集中程度,应用它找大矿是在区域成矿要素范围内众多异常中＂同中求异＂的过程。初步提出了区域成矿要素集中度的概念,并讨论了它与区域异常集中度的关系。区域异常集中度的提出为区域化探异常解释评价提供了一个全新的地质地球化学指标和视角,将成矿相关元素异常与区域成矿要素联系起来的综合方法对于深化异常与成矿关系的认识有重要意义,对于寻找大中型矿床或矿田有重要的指导作用。     

中塔合作帕米尔地球化学调查成果与展望

帕米尔高原是由喜马拉雅山脉、喀喇昆仑山脉、昆仑山脉、天山山脉、兴都库什山脉交汇于此形成的一个巨大的山结。由于其特殊的地质构造位置和复杂的构造演化历史,形成了良好的成矿地质背景条件。依据中塔两国政府“双方地学领域科技合作谅解备忘录”精神,中塔两国合作组织实施了“塔吉克帕米尔成矿带地球化学调查”工作。完成3万km²地球化学填图任务,建立了工作区地球化学数据库,编制了系列地球化学图件。应用地球化学分析方法回答了测区资源潜力评价有关的地学问题,在此基础上编制了Ag、Au、Pb-Zn等8个元素(组)找矿预测图,共圈定各类找矿预测区136个。同时,也从地球化学角度解决了许多地质问题。为开展塔吉克帕米尔地区地质科学研究,了解帕米尔地区优势资源种类、分布地域、资源潜力等评价信息,快速缩小找矿靶区,实现找矿突破,改变地区资源分布格局等工作提供了可靠而丰富的地球化学基础资料。     

赣西北地区地球化学图的地质应用

本文是通过赣西北地区重新扫面的水系沉积物样品,按四平方公里一个组合样进行二十一个元素和氧化物定量分析的1:50万地球化学图,运用于地质找矿方面的部分研究成果。着重阐述了异常初步评价、成矿远景区划、钒成矿区预测和地层地化分层,揭示了区域地球化学资料所反映的多方面的地化信息,提供了较多的基础地化资料、有关的特征标志和重要的找矿线索。     

遥感技术在内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗萨麦地区的找矿应用

本文以内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗萨麦地区1:5万巴彦塔拉等4幅区域地质调查范围为研究区,以ETM+影像数据为信息源,以波谱理论为基础,从遥感图像中提取蚀变信息继而进行遥感找矿实践。针对区内铁染、羟基蚀变类型使用主成分分析等方法,将研究区划分为10个异常区,结合区域构造特征情况,对异常区域开展了1:1万路线调查,综合判定后,选择了4个找矿靶区进行了化探剖面探测并进行了成果分析,结果显示遥感蚀变信息与野外调查和化探异常吻合较好。     

区域化探数据在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用方法研究

区域化探数据包含丰富的地质信息,可用于浅覆盖区区域地质填图。笔者系统研究了浅覆盖区水系沉积物化学成分与基岩化学成分的关系,利用水系沉积物氧化物成分,以区域岩石化学成分为约束,提出了基岩化学成分推断方法;根据水系沉积物与其矿物化学成分间质量平衡关系,提出了基岩矿物组成推断方法。在此基础上提出了地球化学推断地质图的编制方法,并在典型森林-沼泽浅覆盖区进行了试验,地质调查和钻探工程验证了该方法的有效性。充分利用区域化探资料,提取地质填图信息,是提高浅覆盖区地质填图质量的有效途径。     

新疆西准噶尔板块构造的区域地球化学研究

不同的大地构造单元或者同一单元的不同大地构造发展阶段,都有不同的地球化学特征.利用元素地球化学分散模式的变化规律,可以有效地揭示区域地质构造总轮廓. 新疆西准噶尔地区位于西伯利亚板块与准噶尔板块的碰撞带.本文利用新取得的区域化探扫面资料,来初步探讨该区板块构造的区域地球化学特征.多元素区域背景与多元素区域异常的研究结果清楚地表明,深大断裂和板块缝合线具有明显的区域地球化学特征,为今后研究板块构造提供了有意义的素材.     

遥感蚀变和线性构造信息提取在西藏阿里住浪矿区一带的找矿应用

以西藏阿里住浪矿区及外围为研究对象,利用ETM+遥感数据为基本信息源,首先对遥感影像进行假彩色合成、校正、去除干扰等处理;然后对影像做滤波处理,以增强区域构造信息进行线性构造解译,运用分形几何学的原理和计盒维数法求得分维值,得出该区线性构造具有良好的统计自相似性和分形特征;再采用主成分分析法和比值法对影像进行铁染、羟基蚀变信息提取。最后综合分析线性构造分维值、遥感蚀变信息异常、区域地质、地球化学信息、已知矿床(点)信息,确定5个成矿远景区,其中Ⅰ号远景区是最有前景的异常区。     

黔西月亮田矿区龙潭组泥岩地球化学特征及指示意义

通过广泛调研前人研究成果、月亮田矿区地勘资料,区域地质背景,钻取并测试区内两口钻井的17件泥岩样品;运用地球化学指标指示沉积环境,对区内龙潭组泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义进行了详细研究。结果表明:区内龙潭组沉积主体时期长期处于温湿气候,利于植物繁殖;古水体以淡水环境为主,间或有短暂海侵;沉积水体以贫氧至厌氧的弱氧化至还原性环境为主,为区域聚煤作用提供了良好条件;龙潭组物源以来自大陆岛弧的玄武岩为主。研究结果符合贵州省大地构造背景,不仅进一步佐证了研究区在晚二叠世龙潭期作为沉降区,长期接受玄武岩物源沉积,也揭示了古沉积环境及物源区构造背景,为区域地质研究提供了新的理论支持。