抗震结构破坏准则的历史沿革和发展趋势

本文详细讨论了现有抗震结构破坏评估准则并指出其不足和存在问题,深入研究了抗震结构破坏准则的基本思路和发展趋势。指出了由于结构地震响应从地面运动到结构性能两方面固有的随机性和不确定性,使基于性能的抗震设计应当在概率的基础上形成;破坏模型作为度量结构破坏程度的有效工具,也应当在概率基础上形成。     

改进的钢筋混凝土结构双参数地震破坏模型

本文在分析现有结构地震破坏模型的基础下，提出了一种改进掇参数地震破坏模型。文中采用三线退化型恢复力模型对实际钢筋混凝土结构在实际地震作用下的变形与累积耗能，极限变形与极限滞回耗能进行了分析，通过模型计算的破损结果与实际在结果的对比，研究了模型参数，从而建立了钢筋混凝土结构的双参数地震破坏模型。     

钢筋混凝土框架延性破坏准则研究

结构试验研究和理论分析均表明框架变形能力强弱对抗震性能具有显著影响,已有框架破坏准则无法全面反映不同延性结构变形能力差异.文中提出了一种框架结构最大变形能力的定义和计算方法;通过研究柱轴压比、配箍率、结构变形能力、试验加载制度与整体性能退化之间的相互关系,提出了钢筋混凝土框架的延性破坏准则.通过对25榀平面框架试验的计...     

抗震结构破坏准则的再思考

在文献「１」的基础上,根据试验与分析结果,指出了目前中抗震结构破坏准则的缺陷与不足,提出了作者考虑结构低周疲劳特性,进行破坏准则研究的基本思路。     

强震持时对钢筋混凝土结构地震累积破坏的影响

本文在计算模型中考虑了钢筋混凝土结构的低周疲劳性能,建立了一种以退化刚度比作为破坏参数的地震破坏评估模型,此模型不仅能够反映大变形破坏,而且也能反映累积损伤效应。在此基础上,文中还研究了强震持时对钢筋混凝土结构累积破坏的影响。结果表明:对于中强长持时地震,低周疲劳效应十分明显地增大了结构的破坏程度,而且强震动持时对结构的累积破坏与结构的非线性变形的低周疲劳效应关系密切。     

钢筋混凝土柱考虑损伤累积的反复荷载-位移关系分析

为能在反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱的荷载-位移关系分析中考虑柱低周疲劳性能,提出了一损伤模型,对柱中纵向受力钢筋和混凝土的损伤状态作评估与记录。将这一记录材料性能信息的损伤指标带入材料各自的恢复力模型以考虑产生损伤后材料的强度和刚度退化。基于多弹簧模型对不同变幅加载路径下及等幅低周疲劳加载下钢筋混凝土柱的空间反应进行了数值计算模拟。与已有试验结果比较表明,所提材料层次上的损伤累积模型以及考虑损伤累积效应的柱构件空间荷载-位移关系分析方法具有一定的精度,为钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能分析提供了一个辅助工具。     

抗震结构的等效延性破坏准则及其子结构试验验证

基于试验结果与分析，本文提出了反映结构低周疲劳特性的“等效延性破坏准则”。将由结构非线性动力反应分析求得的、预计按本文所提破坏准则能引起柱破坏的三种不同位移反应时程，施加于三个柱试件，以验证所提准则的有效性与实用性。     

基于延性破坏准则的再生混凝土柱抗震性能研究

为揭示再生混凝土柱的性能退化机理,根据拟静力试验现象和试验数据,对再生混凝土柱的破坏进行了量化研究。首先进行了Park-Ang破坏准则和延性破坏准则的计算验证,统计分析结果表明延性破坏准则可用于再生混凝土柱破坏计算研究。基于延性破坏准则对再生骨料取代率与混凝土强度、破坏指数的量化关系进行了研究,建立了混凝土强度退化与破坏指数的函数关系;从再生骨料界面结合能力、粘结性能和强度变化三个方面对再生混凝土柱性能退化规律进行了解释说明,考虑再生骨料取代率和混凝土强度的影响,提出了改进的再生混凝土柱延性破坏准则。研究结果表明：考虑混凝土强度影响的改进延性破坏准则计算结果更接近于1.0,且离散性较低,更准确的定义了再生混凝土柱的破坏。综合再生混凝土柱试验现象、破坏规律及破坏指数计算结果,给出了再生混凝土柱的延性准则破坏评价标准,相关研究成果可用于再生混凝土柱的破坏评估和震损鉴定。     

钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗地震破坏倒塌能力评估研究

在地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构出现破坏倒塌为地震灾害中的关键,有效评估建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力是建筑结构设计的前提,也是当前建筑结构提高抗震性能与加固的依据。提出变形指标极值、失效判断标准以及钢筋混凝土建筑结构倒塌极限状态判断标准,据此获取倒塌储备系数、倒塌易损性、结构整体超强系数、结构整体延性系数等评估标准。采用Pushover分析法选择相应地震波。依据梁柱线刚比对建筑结构抗倒塌能力的影响,以及柱端弯矩增加系数对建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力的影响,对建筑结构易损性进行分析。结果表明:等跨建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力更强;建筑结构底层是薄弱层,COF值越高,结构越容易倒塌。     

钢筋混凝土建筑在连续震动下的壁板结构破坏程度分析

计算连续震动下钢筋混凝土建筑的壁板结构破坏程度需要对大量数据进行回归计算,不能快速、有效地确定壁板承载力,因此提出一种新型钢筋混凝土建筑在连续震动下的壁板结构破坏程度分析方法。通过确定混凝土建筑材料、钢筋材料、壁板截面与单元材料等属性参数,完成钢筋混凝土壁板结构有限元建模;通过对连续震动下破坏壁板结构的内、外力分析,确定壁板结构总体破坏程度。设计对比实验结果表明,应用新型壁板结构破坏程度分析方法能有效确定壁板抗剪承载力和抗弯承载力,避免因壁板结构失去支撑力,而造成建筑损坏现象发生。     

Modeling RC column flexural failure modes under intensive seismic loading

The aim of this work is to model beam‐column behavior in a computationally effective manner, revealing reliably the overall response of reinforced concrete members subjected to intensive seismic loading. In this respect, plasticity and damage are considered in the predominant longitudinal direction, allowing for fiber finite element modeling, while in addition the effect of inelastic buckling of longitudinal rebars, which becomes essential at later stages of intensive cyclic loading, is incorporated. Α smooth plasticity‐damage model is developed for concrete, accounting for unilateral compressive and tensile behavior, nonlinear unloading and crack closure phenomena. This is used to address concrete core crushing and spalling, which triggers the inelastic buckling of longitudinal rebars. For this reason, a uniaxial local stress‐strain constitutive relation for steel rebars is developed, which is based on a combined nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening law. The proposed constitutive model is validated on the basis of existing experimental data and the formulation of the buckling model for a single rebar is developed. The cross section of rebar is discretized into fibers, each one following the derived stress‐strain uniaxial law. The buckling curve is determined analytically, while equilibrium is imposed at the deformed configuration. The proposed models for concrete and rebars are embedded into a properly adjusted fiber beam‐column element of reinforced concrete members and the proposed formulation is verified with existing experimental data under intensive cyclic loading.     

反复荷载下型钢混凝土柱受扭损伤试验研究

为研究型钢混凝土柱在反复荷载下的受扭损伤,完成了11根型钢混凝土柱和1根钢筋混凝土柱复合受扭试验。通过试验观察了构件的受力过程和破坏特征,研究两种不同型钢混凝土柱的裂缝开展与分布规律。基于能量守恒定律,考察了柱截面配钢形式、扭弯比、轴压比、混凝土强度等级、配箍率以及配钢率对累积损伤的影响。研究结果表明:型钢混凝土柱的损伤演变分为3个阶段:弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和破坏阶段;配钢形式、扭弯比和配箍率是影响型钢混凝土柱损伤程度的重要因素;配型钢,降低扭弯比和提高配箍率对于损伤指标分别最大降低了22.1%、14.3%和14.0%;损伤指标受轴压比、配钢率和混凝土强度等级影响程度较小。     

等幅侧向位移循环下柱混凝土纤维应变规律的试验研究

在已完成的包括16个构件的等位移循环加载钢筋混凝土柱的系列试验中，通过在其中3根柱的塑性铰区沿混凝土受力方向安设位移计，较准确测定了混凝土测试标距内的平均应变在一个加载循环内的变化规律及其随周数增长的变化规律；发现了单周最大压应变随周数的增长而持续增大，单周最大名义拉应变随周数增长而持续减小的重要现象；并与柱顶水平力-水平位移滞回规律实测结果相对应，结合截面受力特征对所得单周和多周应变变化规律的成因作了分析。     

A combined local damage index for seismic assessment of existing RC structures

A new local damage index for existing RC structures is introduced, wherein deterioration caused by all deformation mechanisms (flexure, shear, anchorage slip) is treated separately for each mechanism. Moreover, the additive character of damage arising from the three response mechanisms, and the increase in degradation rate caused by their interaction, are fully taken into consideration. The proposed local damage index is then applied, in conjunction with a finite element model developed previously by the authors, to assess seismic damage response of several RC column and frame test specimens with substandard detailing. It is concluded that in all cases and independently from the prevailing mode of failure, the new local damage index describes well the damage pattern of the analysed specimens. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic risk evaluation of RC bridge structures

In this work a probabilistic methodology, recently developed by Cornell and co‐workers for seismic risk assessment of moment‐resisting steel frames, is investigated for possible applications to RC bridge structures. The basic theory is first illustrated; it is characterized by a remarkably simple but accurate mathematical formulation and by a light computational effort to estimate the risk. A simple extension to account for uncertainties in the mechanical parameters is then proposed. The methodology is applied to an existing RC bridge. The study has confirmed the robustness of the methodology with respect to the simplifying assumptions on which it is based, in particular to the reduced number of accelerograms required for a stable and accurate estimate of risk, and demonstrates the applicability to the case of RC bridges. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy dissipation models for RC members and structures

The unloading parameters of hysteretic models for RC members are given in terms of their shear-span-to-depth ratio and the viscous damping used to model other energy dissipation sources. They reflect the energy dissipation in full post-yield load cycles in 534 tests of rectangular or circular members. Pre-yield hysteretic energy dissipation—ignored if the model is elastic till yielding—amounts in the tests to a mean viscous damping around 8.5% and can be considered in nonlinear response-history analysis through a new model which combines constant elastic stiffness in virgin loading with hysteretic energy dissipation both before and after yielding. Models with linear behavior till yielding and hysteretic energy dissipation only after it come closer to the results of the new model if viscous damping is 5%.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱抗震性能的试验研究

对不同锈蚀程度的钢筋混凝土圆柱进行低周反复试验,研究了不同轴压比下的钢筋锈蚀率对钢筋混凝土圆柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度、延性及耗能能力的影响;给出了试件累积耗能、屈服荷载、极限荷载、荷载最大值和位移延性系数与钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的关系。研究表明,随着钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的增大,试件的滞回曲线趋于干瘪,骨架曲线下降段变陡,试件的刚度、延性和耗能能力减小。     

Experimental investigation of damage behavior of RC frame members including non-seismically designed columns

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are one of the mostly common used structural systems, and their seismic performance is largely determined by the performance of columns and beams. This paper describes horizontal cyclic loading tests often column and three beam specimens, some of which were designed according to the current seismic design code and others were designed according to the early non-seismic Chinese design code, aiming at reporting the behavior of the damaged or collapsed RC frame strctures observed during the Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of axial load ratio,shear span ratio, and transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on hysteresis behavior, ductility and damage progress were incorporated in the experimental study. Test results indicate that the non-seismically designed columns show premature shear failure, and yield larger maximum residual crack widths and more concrete spalling than the seismically designed columns. In addition, longitudinal steel reinforcement rebars were severely buckled. The axial load ratio and shear span ratio proved to be the most important factors affecting the ductility, crack opening width and closing ability, while the longitudinal reinforcement ratio had only a minor effect on column ductility, but exhibited more influence on beam ductility. Finally, the transverse reinforcement ratio did not influence the maximum residual crack width and closing ability of the seismically designed columns.     

钢筋混凝土柱对应于各地震损伤状态的侧向变形计算

采用半经验半理论的方法对以受弯为主的钢筋混凝土柱对应于各主要损伤状态的侧向变形进行了研究。本文研究的主要损伤状态包括屈服、混凝土保护层压碎、剥落、纵向受力钢筋屈曲、极限状态五个状态。首先建立了各损伤状态下柱截面受压区高度的计算方法。接着,利用对美国太平洋地震工程研究中心(PEER)建立的钢筋混凝土柱的试验数据库的统计分析,采用平截面假定和钢筋混凝土受弯构件的塑性铰理论推出了混凝土保护层压碎时压区边缘混凝土的应变大小,混凝土保护层剥落、纵筋屈曲和进入极限状态时核心区混凝土边缘的压应变大小,进而建立了钢筋混凝土柱对应于各损伤状态的变形计算方法。利用本文提出的方法得到的变形计算值与PEER提供的试验数据在统计意义上有较好的一致性。该方法可为钢筋混凝土柱基于位移的抗震设计和抗震性能评价提供依据。     

恢复力模型研究现状及存在问题

恢复力模型是根据大量从试验中获得的恢复力与变形的关系曲线经适当抽象和简化而得到的实用数学模型，是结构构件的抗震性能在结构弹塑性地震反应分析中的具体体现。对迄今为止国内外关于钢筋、混凝土和钢筋混凝土结构构件的恢复力模型的研究成果进行了汇总和简要评述，分析了现有恢复力模型存在的主要问题，在此基础上提出恢复力模型今后的研究建议。