The Pechora Sea: Past,recent, and future

The main stages in the development of the Pechora Sea are discussed. It is established that, during the high sea level stand corresponding to the warmest epoch of the Mikulino Interglacial, the Pechora Sea represented a more spacious, as compared with its present-day size, basin owing to the flooded valleys of river lower reaches. No sea in its present-day configuration existed during the last (Valdai) glaciation. At that time, the sea could have occupied only a narrow area along the southern coast of Novaya Zemlya, where marine sedimentation was in progress during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. During the glaciation and postglacial time, the dried bottom of the former Pechora Sea accumulated large volumes of sand that are now concentrated largely in the accretion structures along its southern coast. In the current century, changes will occur mainly in the coastal zone of the Russkii Zavorot Peninsula, Pesyakov Island, the Varandei Settlement area, and the Medynskii Zavorot Peninsula, where a shoreline retreat for a distance of 0.5 km is expected.     

砂质海岸资源开发及保护浅析

我国砂质海岸资源非常丰富,但随近些年海洋开发利用活动不断开展,砂质海岸的资源与功能遭到不同层面的破坏,其中海岸蚀退是最为突出的问题。本研究通过阐述砂质海岸资源利用中所呈现的问题,提出相应保护措施与管理建议。     

广西北海银滩侵蚀及其与海平面上升的关系

基于历史图件对比方法和Bruun法则对广西北海银滩岸线的侵蚀进行评估和预测.结果表明银滩在近30a内海岸侵蚀达10.40 m/a,其中人类活动作用是造成海岸侵蚀的主要因素,人类活动对岸线位置蚀退的影响贡献为98%;海平面上升导致岸线蚀退的贡献仅为2%.然而,在未来100 a内,基于历史图件对比分析估算的银滩侵蚀宽度可能超过1 000 m,银滩环境将会发生退化.因海平面上升而对岸线蚀退的贡献权重增加为9%.由于人类活动导致的银滩退化可以进行控制和预防,故对未来海平面上升引发的银滩环境退化应该予以重点关注.     

海沙开采工程环境的影响分析预测研究——以绥中县三道砂干开采海沙工程海域使用可行性研究为例

分析了岸滩、海底地形和海岸地貌现代作用过程,用数值模拟方法研究了海沙开采导致的海底地形改变,以及由此引起流场及波浪折射而造成的海岸动力变化,讨论了这种变化对海底和海岸的动态影响。通过计算悬浮泥沙和再释放污染物的浓度变化、扩散和输运途径,预测了环境质量影响范围,以减轻海砂开采活动对周围环境带来的影响。     

Sustainable use of renewable resources and conservation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: issues,needs and strategic actions

The coastal and marine environments and resources of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden are globally significant and generally in a healthy state. Current regional issues include localized destruction of coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves; declines in some fisheries; exploitation of some endangered species; pollution from the development and transport of petroleum; and disposal of industrial and municipal wastes. The underlying causes of these issues are the natural vulnerability of the Red Sea due to its semi-enclosed nature; economic reliance on the petroleum industry; significant navigation risks; a rapidly increasing coastal population and associated developments; lack of fisheries information, surveillance and management; poor coastal zone planning; and limited technical expertise. Strategic actions addressing these issues will need to be implemented regionally and focus on coastal zone management that integrates environmental planning, environmental assessment and review; training and institutional development; public awareness and participation; information gathering especially fisheries statistics; reducing navigation risks; and the development of resource management and conservation strategies.     

Third world states and fluid sovereignty: development options and the politics of sustainable ocean management

As land resources become exhausted or less valuable, Third World states are integrating coastal and marine regions into their development strategies. Given current industrial practice, increased development in these regions have negative environmental consequences, and there is increasing pressure to address these. Third World states’ management of their marine and coastal areas is shaped by factors such as fugitive resources, changing or indeterminate marine boundaries, economic vulnerability and evolving environmental regimes. These factors contribute to fluid sovereignty and affect states’ ability to exercise authority, autonomy and control. This paper uses the case of the Wider Caribbean Region to illustrate that the net result of fluid sovereignty is diminished ability to sustainably manage ocean and coastal resources.     

山东省海岸工程可持续发展的若干问题

从风暴潮、黄河口治理、海水地下入侵与咸水侵染、海岸及沿海污染、沿海滩涂与黄河三角洲开发、海上交通和港口发展、海岸和海上石油开采、海岸工业基地建设、沿海旅游和海岛开发 ,以及沿岸淡水资源开发与海水利用等 1 0个方面 ,对山东省海岸工程的可持续发展问题进行了分析和讨论 ,并针对具体问题 ,提出了解决可持续发展问题的对策与措施。     

淡水入流的生态学意义与其研究现状

由于来自江河的淡水在多数情况下携带大量的营养盐入海，河口海区成为适合于特殊门类的有机物生长的有利海洋环境。与此同时，大量的人类与工业废弃物也随着江河径流入海，从而严重地影响到河口海区的生态环境。鉴于上述原因，淡水入流的生态学 意义现正被广泛地研究。     

青岛市水资源的开发利用与保护

青岛市的水资源总量比较丰富,但有一定的供水缺口,是我国人均占有水资源较贫乏的地区之一.随着城市与工、农业用水量的急速增长,水资源环境恶化和资源匮乏可能成为经济与社会发展的限制因素.必须采取以下措施,缓解青岛市中长期水资源与人口、环境的矛盾:合理用水;积极开辟新水源,提高水利工程的供水能力;加强水污染的防治与管理,有效改善水资源质量;强化地下水开发利用管理,控制地下水污染;积极开发替代性水资源.     

胜利油田海岸的蚀退与防治

介绍了胜利油田海岸蚀退的情况及危害,较详细地分析了该区海岸蚀退的原因,阐述了在减缓和防治海岸蚀退方面的工程实践经验,为进一步综合防治胜利油田海上石油开发区的海岸蚀退提供参考借鉴。     

基于Mann-Kendall方法的胶东半岛海岸带归一化植被指数趋势分析

利用1998—2008年SPOT/VEGETATION逐旬共372期归一化植被指数时间序列影像数据,引入Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验方法,分析了胶东半岛最近10 a来的归一化植被指数变化趋势。结果表明,最近10 a来,胶东半岛归一化植被指数变化趋势以衰减区域居主导地位,其中有明显衰减变化趋势的区域占半岛总面积的19.3%,有明显增强变化趋势的区域仅占半岛总面积的2.8%。归一化植被指数衰减区域在空间上沿海岸线呈环状分布,从沿海岸到远离海岸,归一化植被指数增强趋势逐渐明显,衰减最明显的区域大部分位于半岛沿海30 km以内,植被增强趋势最明显区域位于半岛中部山地及沿海防护林地区。人类活动及其空间分布是归一化植被指数变化的主要因素,其中沿海城市化、工业化和海岸湿地开发利用程度的提高导致归一化植被指数衰减,而山地植被保护和海岸防护林建设导致归一化植被指数增强。     

海岸带空间要素分析查询系统构建研究——以山东莱州湾为例

海岸带开发与保护是我国保持海岸带可持续发展所急需解决的问题。以莱州湾为示范区 ,利用 GIS技术建立海岸带空间要素分析查询系统 ,旨在为实施海岸带的综合管理构建一个高技术支撑的信息分析系统     

数字经济助推海洋渔业高质量发展——基于产业结构升级的中介效应检验

数字经济与海洋渔业的融合发展是海洋渔业高质量发展的重要动力。文章选择2012—2019年我国11个沿海地区的相关数据,实证研究数字经济对海洋渔业高质量发展的影响及其内在的作用机理和潜在的异质性。研究结果表明：从直接效应来看,数字经济对沿海地区海洋渔业高质量发展具有显著的正向推动作用,其影响强度由长三角地区、珠三角地区、黄渤海地区依次减弱;从中介效应来看,沿海地区和三大地区的产业结构升级在数字经济助推海洋渔业高质量发展的过程中都具有中介效应;就分地区样本来看,长三角地区、珠三角地区和黄渤海地区产业结构升级的中介效应以及产业结构升级对海洋渔业高质量发展的影响强度依次减弱。基于此,文章从大力发展数字经济、因地制定数字经济发展战略和促进产业结构升级等方面,为推动海洋渔业高质量发展提供政策建议。     

北黄海淤泥质海岸地貌发育过程及滩涂资源的开发利用模式

分析了冰后期以来北黄海淤泥质海岸变迁及海岸地貌的形成和滩涂的自然分带。讨论了北黄海淤泥质海岸滩涂开发现状和存在的问题 ,提出了滩涂资源开发利用的模式。     

中国海岸湿地退化压力因素的综合分析

对我国海岸湿地类型、特点和分布进行了论述.通过分析指出围垦、城市与港口开发、污染、海岸侵蚀、油气资源开发、生物资源过度利用和海平面上升等环境压力因素是造成湿地退化的主要原因.综合矩阵因子分析表明,不同的海岸湿地类型所承受的环境压力和所遭受的环境退化程度是不同的,其中三角洲、海岸潟湖、砂质海岸、珊瑚礁、淤泥质海岸、滨岸沼泽和红树林等湿地类型遭受的环境压力最大,环境退化也最严重;指出了人为因素是造成海岸湿地环境退化的主要原因.     

海岸侵蚀灾害管理中的几项基础工作

讨论了作为海岸带管理工作中一项重要管理内容──海岸侵蚀灾害管理中的几项基础性工作,主要讨论了灾害评估的意义;海岸侵蚀灾害管理基础图件和专业图件的名称及主要内容;建立海岸侵蚀灾害信息系统的意义和主要内容;关于海岸侵蚀灾害管理法的意义和急迫性;提出了建立禁建区和禁采区的意义和紧迫性,并指出在海岸带开发建设中要统一管理,全面规划,注意到海岸带生态环境的特殊性。总之在海岸侵蚀灾害管理中,首先要做好基础工作,在此基础上做好法制建设和依法管理。     

山东省近海砂矿分类及其基本特征

根据砂矿产出的宏观海洋环境、矿种、形成时代、成矿作用和微地貌形态等要素,将山东省主要近海砂矿划分为2大类、13类、32亚类。初步探明具有工业价值的矿种有建筑用砂、石英砂、锆石、贝壳、球石、砂金等6个矿种,各类砂矿床约计86个。主要分布在莱州湾-荣成-青岛-岚山头一带的滨、浅海地区。近海砂矿资源将是山东省利用矿产资源的一个重要新领域。     

Socio-economic drivers and indicators for artisanal coastal fisheries in Pacific island countries and territories and their use for fisheries management strategies

This is the first regional study of artisanal fisheries in Pacific Island countries and territories that demonstrated that the future of the region's artisanal fishery sector and the livelihood of coastal communities will be highly dependent on alternative subsistence and income sources, which are necessary to reduce fishing pressure to a sustainable level to maintain ecosystem services and food security. The overall objective of this study was to identify socio-economic indicators and drivers to improve the understanding of the dynamics between socio-economic conditions and current exploitation levels of finfish and invertebrates of coastal communities in 17 Pacific Island countries and territories. We showed that exploitation rates and thus possible overexploitation are not solely the consequence of a simple demographic growth process but are in fact a result of the choices people have. Our results confirmed a close relationship between resource exploitation rates and economic development at the national level and the availability of alternative income opportunities at the community level. Multivariate analysis results suggest that communities in countries with somewhat unfavourable conditions and limited access to alternatives and fishing households in communities with overall favourable economic conditions are at highest vulnerability as they have the highest dependence on coastal fisheries resources. Alternative economic opportunities at the national scale and availability of alternative income at the community level vary significantly between cultural groups. Based on our results, the development of management strategies with realistic expectations of ensuring livelihood of coastal communities and sustainable resource use in Pacific Island countries and territories requires a hierarchical and integral approach. Major drivers identified at the regional, cultural and local levels should be used to identify priorities, to assess overall advantages and limitations at the different levels as well as the vulnerability of communities targeted, and to develop strategies accordingly.     

福建省海洋旅游文化与经济增长的协调均衡发展研究

文章以福建省沿海地区的旅游文化产业为研究对象,选取1998—2015年时间序列数据,构建向量自回归模型,对福建省海洋旅游文化与经济增长的关系进行理论分析和实证检验。结果表明:福建省沿海区域经济指标变量间存在稳定均衡关系,各地区产业集聚程度和经济发展情况存在差异,旅游业发展也不平衡。基于此,提出缩减地区差异和促进共同发展、加快公共服务体系建设、优化海洋旅游文化产业结构、坚持绿色可持续发展以及实施旅游目的地营销的措施建议。     

海水冷却技术

城市用水中约 5 0 %是工业冷却水。海水代替淡水作为工业冷却用水——海水冷却 ,是解决我国沿海城市和地区淡水资源危机问题的重要途径之一。海水冷却技术包括海水直流冷却技术和海水循环冷却技术 ,目前我国基本具备了具有自主知识产权的海水(直流、循环 )冷却关键技术。寻求政府在资金、政策等方面的大力支持 ,加强有关行业、院所、企业的“强强联合”,适时借鉴国外先进的海水冷却塔技术 ,加快产业化技术示范 ,是推进海水循环冷却技术快速发展的必由之路