蚌埠隆起区石榴辉石岩变质P-T轨迹的构建

蚌埠隆起区位于华北克拉通东南缘,胶—辽—吉造山带的最南端,主体由五河杂岩组成。前人对该地区的研究主要集中于同位素年代学和变质温压条件研究,其中变质P-T条件研究结果差异较大,以压力变化最为显著,对峰期变质P-T条件缺乏统一认识。本文对蚌埠隆起区石榴辉石岩进行了大量的岩相学、矿物化学成分分析,表明该岩石记录了3期变质作用,其中S-M1和S-M2的矿物组合类似为Grt+Cpx+Opx+Amp+Pl+Ilm,S-M3的矿物组合为Cpx+Amp+Pl+Grt （极边窄带）。结合变质温压条件分析和锆石U-Pb年代学分析,本次主要取得以下几点认识：1）石榴辉石岩WS047-1中记录的3期变质作用,温压条件分别为T-M1 = 616 ℃～647 ℃、P-M1 = 1.03～1.08 GPa,T-M2 = 721 ℃～837 ℃、P-M2 = 1.11～1.29 GPa和T-M3 = 531 ℃～607 ℃、P-M3 = 0.81～0.91 GPa,经历了由较高压力的角闪岩相→中-低麻粒岩相→角闪岩相的变质过程;2）据变质温压条件分析知,蚌埠隆起区具有顺时针的P-T轨迹特征,S-M1→S-M2和S-M2→S-M3分别为近等压升温和近等压降温的缓慢过程;3）石榴辉石岩锆石U-Pb年代学结果主要分为4组：1 839±13 Ma、1 925±31 Ma、2 041±55 Ma和2 762±14 Ma,其中峰值变质年代为1.93～1.84 Ga;4）结合温压条件和锆石U-Pb年代学分析结果,本文认为蚌埠隆起区的P-T轨迹与弗朗西斯科型俯冲或大陆碰撞环境的P-T轨迹较为类似,其应与1.93～1.84 Ga华北克拉通东、西陆块的碰撞拼合及胶—辽—吉造山带形成时限基本吻合。本次研究为深入理解华北克拉通的构造演化特征和蚌埠隆起区的变质作用及演化,提供了大量可靠的科学资料。     

The evolution of Petrov lake and moraine dam rupture risk (Tien-Shan,Kyrgyzstan)

An interdisciplinary study of glacier-related hazards in the Petrov lake region (Ak-Shiirak Range, the Inner Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan) has been undertaken to identify potential dangers to the area. A cooperative effort from experts in the fields of hydrology, glaciology, geomorphology and geophysics has been employed in this study. For the hazard assessment, evolution of the Petrov glacier and lake was reconstructed using historical reports, aerial photographs and satellite images. Geomorphological mapping and geophysical soundings was applied to the lake territory and the moraine dam. This has identified potentially hazardous areas of the dam including subsurface drainage zones and cracks that could cause a sudden extremely high discharge. In the past three decades, the Petrov lake has doubled in size, while in recent years, its area has been increasing by more than 92,000 square metres per year. Although there is no evidence for an imminent outburst, the dramatic increase in the lake’s size emphasizes the importance of this study.     

新疆西南天山哈布腾苏一带榴辉岩的岩石学特征及变质作用P-T轨迹

西南天山哈布腾苏河沿岸的含石墨的石榴石多硅白云母石英片岩中出露一套若干大小不等的布丁状变基性岩块,产状与区域面理一致。本文对其中保存完好的榴辉岩体进行了较为细致的岩石学研究和温压演化条件计算。根据主要矿物的含量,将该套榴辉岩大致分为两类一角闪榴辉岩和钠云母榴辉岩,二者的主要矿物均为Grt＋Omp＋Na—Ca-Amp＋Pg＋Dol／Cal＋Rt±Qtz。石榴石变斑晶两阶段生长明显,从核部到边部XMn和XFe降低,XMg和XCa升高,指示了升温降压的变质过程。根据石榴石核部和边部的包体组合特征,确立了两期榴辉岩相变质作用：前一阶段经历了高压但较低温的硬柱石．硬绿泥石（仅见假象）榴辉岩相,变质温度为400～5000C,压力不低于1．8～1．9GPa,表明早期经历了快速俯冲过程;后一阶段的变质温度为570±300C,压力为2．0～2．5GPa。在退变质绿帘角闪岩相阶段,形成低压脉体（矿物组合为Ab4-Di＋Na—Ca—Amp＋Ep／Czo＋Cal）和一系列退变质反应结构．如Dol的Cal增生边．Omp的Di＋Ab后成合晶结构。利用Dol—Cal分溶温度计和Di的Jd分子含量得到该阶段的温度约500—530℃,压力小于0．9～1．1GPa,表明其退变质经历的是降温降压过程。这与利用Thermocale 3．1在NCFMASH体系下计算的PT视剖面图是一致的。     

大别山太湖地区榴辉岩峰期变质条件与构造意义

大别山太湖地区曾被作为“冷”、“热”榴辉岩带的交界处所在,我们对大别山太湖地区的进行了1：10000地质填图,并详细研究了该地区榴辉岩的岩相学和矿物成分变化,以及KD值、峰期变质P-T条件。研究表明榴辉岩自南向北可分为三类：①朱家冲型榴辉岩;②大坝型榴辉岩;③金河桥型榴辉岩。其中朱家冲型榴辉岩和金河桥型榴辉岩显示出明显的温度、压力差异,它们形成的P-T条件分别为：P=2．14GPa、T=563℃和P=3．76GPa、T=791℃。大坝型榴辉岩的峰期变质P-T条件差别较大,在柯石英-石英相变线附近徘徊,变质环境相当于高压一超高压过渡环境。朱家冲型榴辉岩与大坝型榴辉岩分别对应于前人所划分的“冷”、“热”榴辉岩,并且两者在峰期,变质温、压条件上是连续变化的,没有明显的温、压间断。因此,我们认为本区所谓的“冷”、“热”榴辉岩带界线是不存在的。     

苏鲁超高压榴辉岩的石榴石生长成分环带及变质作用P—T轨迹

在南苏鲁东海地区,部分超高压榴辉岩中的变斑晶石榴石具有复杂的生长成分环带和多期矿物包体组合,它们记录了超高压变质岩的多阶段变质演化过程,即绿帘角闪岩相进变质、柯石英榴辉岩相峰期变质、石英榴辉岩相和角闪岩相退变质作用。运用相关的地质温、压计,使用代表最高变质温度的变斑晶石榴石慢部（具最低的Fe／Mg比值）和与其平衡的绿辉石包体成分,获得了〉900℃和4．1～4．5GPa的超高压变质务件。联合其他变质阶段的温、压条件,一个顺时针的变质作用P—T轨迹得以建立。它的特征是进变质与退变质路径近于平行,早期退变质作用为降温、降压过程．榴辉岩石榴石生长成分环带的保存说明超高压变质岩在峰期变质阶段有非常短暂的停留时间,并以很快的折返速率抬升到地壳浅部,超高压变质岩折返过程中的明显降温是石榴石生长环带得以保存的另一个有利条件,     

Mineral parageneses in metamorphic rocks exposed along Tailuko Gorge,Central Mountain Range,Taiwan*

Field, petrographic and microprobe investigations of metaclastic rocks, calcareous schists, marbles, chloritic calcareous meta-volcanic units and schists/paragneisses which crop out along the eastern portion of the Central East-West Cross Island Highway in Taiwan demonstrate that metamorphic intensity gradually increases eastward. The lower greenschist facies Slate Formation on the W contains completely recrystallized, pure albitic plagioclase, but at least some of the white micas (± chlorites) probably represent relict detrital flakes. Neo-blastic biotite and epidote occur sporadically in the Pihou(?) Formation, and increase dramatically eastward; concomitantly the abundance of carbonaceous matter decreases to zero in the eastern Tailuko zone, and the amount of chlorite + white mica diminishes somewhat. Epidote becomes more aluminous at higher metamorphic grade. Eastward, phengites change progressively to more muscovitic compositions as the proportion of biotite increases. A close approach to chemical equilibrium for the pre-Cenozoic, complexly deformed metamorphic basement assemblages is suggested by regular, systematic, major and minor element partitioning between analysed coexisting phases. Fractionation is less pronounced on the E, reflecting higher temperatures. Estimated physical conditions of recrystallization with α_H2O and α_CO2 moderate, are: T > 325 ± 75°C, P > 3 kbar (W); T > 425 ± 75°C, P > 4kbar(E). The gradual eastward increase in metamorphic intensity from the Slate Formation through the Pihou(?) Formation and the three Tailuko zones, as well as the relict precursor textures in the pre-Cenozoic layered basement rocks indicate that the observed paragenetic sequence could represent a synchronous Neogene recrystallization event, probably accompanying the Plio-Pleistocene collision of the Asiatic continental margin and the Luzon (Coastal Range) andesitic arc.     

Petrogenesis of UHP metamorphic rocks from Qinglongshan, southern Sulu, east-central China

Five kinds of UHP metamorphic rocks, including eclogite, orthogneiss, paragneiss, schist and quartzite are exposed in the Qinglongshan roadcut, southern Sulu orogenic belt of eastern central China. They comprise metamorphic supracrustal rocks with bimodal volcanic characteristics and continental affinity, and granitic intrusive associations. The preservation of coesite inclusions and/or its pseudomorphs in eclogite and other rocks indicate that they have been subjected to in-situ UHP metamorphism. Four stages of metamorphism were recognized by combining petrographic observations and compositions of minerals from various UHP rocks. Prograde epidote-amphibolite facies, UHP coesite–eclogite facies, post UHP quartz–eclogite facies, and retrograde amphibolite facies assemblages delineate an inferred P–T path with a clockwise trajectory and a retrograde event characterized by the coupling of decompression with a temperature decrease. Garnet porphyroblasts in UHP eclogites display a complex growth zoning and mineral distribution, and record a crucial segment of the prograde and retrograde metamorphic evolution. The preservation of growth zoning in eclogitic and gneissic garnets suggests that the UHP rocks had a short residence time before retrograde metamorphism and a very high uplift rate in order to preserve the prograde growth zoning.     

对中国中部超高压榴辉岩的P—T轨迹及回返机制的新认识

中国中部超高压变质带中的榴辉岩一般发育４～５个变质演化阶段：前榴辉岩阶段、榴辉岩峰期阶段、早期高压退变阶段、晚期退变阶段和后期叠加变质阶段。本文依据这一变质演化的研究,得出了一条与以往不同的Ｐ－Ｔ轨迹。它表明榴辉岩回返时首先沿俯冲带缓慢上升到较浅部位,出现与进变质过程相似的Ｐ－Ｔ轨迹;然后主要涉及地壳范围的,与碰撞造山有关的推覆作用使其进一步迅速回返,出现绝热抬升轨迹。这种双阶段双机制的回返模式不仅与榴辉岩中发育的变质作用过程相符,而且可以解释榴辉岩研究中一系列难以理解的问题。     

苏鲁超高压变质带桃行榴辉岩及高压脉体中流体包裹体研究

桃行榴辉岩是苏鲁超高压变质带中段主要榴辉岩体密集分布区之一。流体包裹体研究表明,榴辉岩矿物及高压脉体石英中捕获有五种类型的流体包裹体：在超高压-高压榴辉岩相条件下捕获的N2±CH4包裹体;在榴辉岩发生麻粒岩相叠加变质作用期间被捕获的B型纯CO2液相包裹体;在高压榴辉岩重结晶阶段被捕获的C型CO2-H2O包裹体和D型高盐度水溶液包裹体;超高压岩石折返过程中的最晚阶段（角闪岩相退变质甚至更晚）捕获的E型低盐度水溶液包裹体。利用榴辉岩矿物及高压脉体石英中捕获的流体包裹体类型及期次可以重建超高压变质作用板片折返过程中的流体性状与演化,而石榴石中捕获的纯CO2包裹体为本区榴辉岩相岩石遭受了麻粒岩相叠加提供了佐证。     

Petrology and Alpine metamorphic evolution of the metabasic and ultrabasic rocks in the Berisal crystalline complex (Switzerland)

Relict diopsides have been found in meta-ultrabasic rocks from the Berisal crystalline complex in the Pennine nappe system of the Alps. They show optical and chemical zonation. The idiomorphic cores are enriched in chromium. During the Eo-Alpine high-pressure metamorphic event the originally magmatic clinopyroxene suffered substantial replacement of Ca by Na. New diopside, poor in chromium grew around the borders of the idiomorphic Cr-rich cores. During the subsequent main stage of Alpine metamorphism the diopside was mainly altered into tremolite. Some of the diopsides survived but alteration induced exsolution of Na out of the rims, creating the observed zoning in the pyroxenes. Field and microscopic investigations of the metabasic rocks support the existence of an Eo-Alpine high-pressure metamorphic event. The amphibolites reflect a typical retrograde evolutionary stage between “eclogite” amphibolite and garnet amphibolite with strongly corroded kelyphitic garnet and the symplectitic, radially fibrous growth of amphibole, plagioclase, epidote and quartz. However, the surprisingly low pyrope and high almandine contents in the garnets are not typically representing a high-pressure metamorphic event.     

秦岭沙河湾I型花岗岩岩石学、矿物学特征及岩浆形成的温压条件

南秦岭沙河湾岩体紧临商丹断裂南侧,是具有环斑结构的似斑状-粗粒结构石英二长岩。本文通过化学全分析、偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)对沙河湾岩体的岩石学和矿物学特征进行了研究,并对岩浆形成的温压条件与构造背景进行了讨论。结果表明,主量元素SiO2=66.40%～70.08%,Al2O3=14.36%～14.95%,Fe2O3=0.93%～1.73%,FeO=1.22%～1.65%,CaO=1.94%～2.78%,Na2O+K2O=7.88%～8.56%,K2O/Na2O=1.02～1.11,δ﹤3.3,为高钾钙碱性的过铝质I型花岗岩类;ΣREE平均151×10-6,LREE/HREE平均13.63,(La/Yb)N平均20.54,δEu平均0.89,δCe平均0.95,表明其轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,Eu和Ce异常不明显,球粒陨石标准化配分曲线为右倾型,亏损Nb、Ce、Zr、Ti等高场强元素,略富Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素;主要造岩矿物为石英、斜长石(更(奥)长石-钠长石)、钾长石、镁角闪石和镁质黑云母,副矿物为锆石、榍石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿和少量的石榴石等;初始岩浆温度平均755～780℃;角闪石和斜长石结晶温度约621～623℃;岩浆侵位深度约4km,压力约1.26×108Pa,具有壳幔混源的特点;沙河湾石英二长岩形成于中温、富水、中氧逸度的环境。     

内蒙古锡林浩特岩群岩石学特征及变质温压条件

锡林浩特岩群出露于内蒙古锡林浩特市东南部,指原锡林郭勒杂岩中表壳岩部分,为一套片麻岩夹层状斜长角闪岩、磁铁石英岩和变粒岩等的变质岩组合。选取岩群中片麻岩及斜长角闪岩进行岩石学及岩相学分析,其中斜长角闪岩主要矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石;片麻岩样品中见夕线石+钾长石矿物组合,石榴子石具明显进变质环带,所以在计算其形成条件时选取了生长于峰期变质阶段的特定部位。运用角闪石斜长石、石榴子石黑云母矿物温压计分别估算锡林浩特岩群中准同时形成的变质基性火山岩及变质碎屑岩的变质温压区间。综合二者计算结果,得锡林浩特岩群峰期变质温压条件为660~707 ℃,0.5~0.6 GPa。变质达高角闪岩相。其变质年龄为1 000 Ma左右,推测锡林浩特岩群角闪岩相变质为中元古代末期锡林浩特微陆块与其他陆块碰撞的结果。     

大别-苏鲁区超高压变质岩的多期构造变质演化

对大别-苏鲁地区超高压(UHP)变质岩的详细构造和岩石学研究揭示了其复杂的构造变质演化历史。除前超高压事件外,至少可识别出5个相继发育的构造变质事件或阶段(D_1-D_5)。D_1和 D_2同超高压事件与三叠纪(250～230Ma)中朝克拉通和扬子克拉通间的大陆深俯冲及碰撞有关,而超高压后的 D_3和 D_4韧性变形及其伴生的减压部分熔融作用和退变质作用事件,则是超高压岩石向中上地壳折返过程中(230～140Ma)发生的。碰撞后形成的 D_4构造,主导了大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带区域尺度的构造格架。第5阶段的构造以摩擦或摩擦-粘性过渡性变形机制为主,并伴随有大规模的未变形的花岗质岩体就位,该期构造热事控制了现今大别-苏鲁地区的地貌学特征。新的构造和岩石学资料并结合可利用的地质年代学和地球化学等资料,提出一个涉及中朝与扬子克拉通间三叠纪大陆深俯冲、碰撞及相继超高压变质岩石向地表的多期折返构造变质演化模式。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔100～2000米超高压变质岩中的钛矿化

中国大陆科学钻探工程100～2000m的岩心、矿心的观察、编录揭示主要有经济价值的舍钛相是金红石．其次是钛磁铁矿。主要含矿岩石是普通金红石榴辉岩和石英金红石榴辉岩,其次有多硅白云母金红石榴辉岩,蓝晶石金红石榴辉岩,金红石黑云绿帘纤闪石岩(退变的石榴辉石岩)和金红石-含钒钛磁铁矿榴辉岩。划分了四个矿化层位。金红石在矿层中的含量一般为2％～5％(体积),多高达8％～10％。金红石的TiO2含量在95％(重量)以上,多产于石英榴辉岩、多硅白云母榴辉岩中。钛磁铁矿的TiO2含量在49％～55％(重量),钛磁铁矿多见于黄铁矿-金红石-钛磁铁矿榴辉岩(546～608m岩性段)中,含钛磁铁矿5％～25％,石榴单辉橄榄岩(608～683m岩性段),含钛磁铁矿达5％～10％和第三含矿层中局部黑云绿帘角闪岩夹层内,舍钛磁铁矿可达6％。30个榴辉岩和超铁镁质岩中8种主要造岩矿物148个点的电子探针分析结果揭示：榴辉岩可分为壳源和幔源两大类,钛磁铁矿富含V、Ni、Cr说明来自幔源,大部分金红石则来自壳源榴辉岩,它们的原岩是曾经居留地表的基性火成岩,在深俯冲的过程中经超高压变质成为含柯石英的榴辉岩。岩石薄片中金红石和柯石英的假像共存于同一石榴石或绿辉石晶粒中,也见金红石粒内有“柯石英”假象,这清楚说明金红石结晶于超高压的峰期变质阶段,在后继的变质地体隆升过程中,钛磁铁矿和金红石都有退变质成为钛铁矿和榍石的种种岩石记录,因此,退变质作用势必导致钛矿品位的降低。     

大别山太湖地区榴辉岩岩石学、矿物成分和P-T条件特征及其所揭示的构造含义

根据对大别山太湖地区1：10000地质填图,以及对榴辉岩的精细的岩石学、矿物成分和P—T条件的研究分析表明,该地区的榴辉岩可分为：高压榴辉岩,高压-超高压榴辉岩和超高压榴辉岩。从高压榴辉岩至超高压榴辉岩,石榴石中钙铝榴石、镁铝榴石组分,多硅白云母中的Si^4＋逐渐增加,峰期变质P—T条件则从T=535℃～652℃和P=1．50～2．26GPa,T=625℃～777℃和P=2．41～3．04GPa,逐渐增加到T=767℃-942℃和P=3．49～4．09GPa,显示了区域上的连续变化特征。结合构造几何学的分布特征和榴辉岩的共生围岩,应用石榴石-单斜辉石温度计和石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母压力计,计算建立了一条近于“5℃／km”的地温梯度线和两条T=650℃,P=2．50GPa和T=750℃,P=3．00GPa温度和压力等值线,并将南大别变质块体从南自北分为三个变质单元：高压带,高压一超高压带和超高压带,从而表明该变质块体连续的特征。本次研究建立了三条P—T轨迹,并尝试性地探讨了这些榴辉岩的不同的抬升速率,推测不同类型的榴辉岩在地下40～50km的深度发生了强烈的缩短．“焊接”成一整体缓慢抬升到地袁．从而导致现今榴辉岩的分布状态．     

Geochemistry, age, and petrogenesis of rocks from the Garevka metamorphic complex, Yenisey Ridge

The mineralogical, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data on the Garevka metamorphic complex (GMC) of the Yenisey Ridge were used to evaluate the age, nature, and provenance of their protoliths. The evolution of the GMC occurred in two stages with different ages, thermodynamic regimes, and metamorphic field gradients. The final emplacement of granitoids was marked by high-pressure (HP) amphibolite facies regional metamorphism (970 Ma). At the second stage, these rocks experienced Late Riphean (900–870 Ma) retrograde epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism accompanied by the formation of blastomylonitic complexes within narrow zones of brittle-ductile deformation. The metamorphism of migmatites (850 Ma) is coeval with the collisional medium-pressure metamorphism of the kyanite-sillimanite type. The GMC is different from the other rock complexes of the Yenisey Ridge in the presence of rapakivi-type granites. The geochemistry of these rocks, which is characterized by stronger enrichment in K₂O, FeO, Y, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and REE relative to the other mineral assemblages of the GMC, is typical of anorogenic (A-type) within-plate granites. Among other distinctive features of these rocks are the strong iron enrichment of the melanocratic minerals, the presence of ilmenite as the sole Fe-Ti oxide, and crystallization from higher temperature (T = 825°C vs. T = 750°C) water-poor magmas under reducing conditions below the FMQ buffer. Significant variations in the geochemical and petrological characteristics of the GMC rocks suggest that they could not be derived from a single source. The main volume of the high-K rocks varying in composition from A-type to S-type granites was generated by melting of mixed mantlecrustal sources. The products of melting of the Late Archean-Early Proterozoic infracrustal gneisses of the Siberian Craton could be a possible source for the least oxidized rocks.     

西藏尼木变质岩特征及变质温压条件

出露于雅鲁藏布江缝合带北侧尼木县的变质岩主要由石榴黑云片麻岩和黑云斜长角闪角岩组成.研究表明岩石变质程度达到角闪角岩相-辉石角岩相;石榴子石变斑晶具有生长环带,角闪石均为钙质角闪石,黑云母大多为铁质黑云母和铁叶云母,长石多为更长石和中长石,少量为正长石.利用石榴子石-黑云母温度计、石榴子石-黑云母-斜长石-石英压力计和角闪石-斜长石温度及压力计计算获得石榴黑云片麻岩和黑云斜长角闪角岩的变质温度分别为619 ～661℃,695 ～ 702℃,压力范围分别为1.86～1.94kbar和3.69～4.56kbar.野外和室内研究认为岩石原岩为冈底斯带南缘叶巴组火山岩及其上部沉积岩,岩石经历了高温低压的接触变质作用.结合已有冈底斯带陆缘岩浆活动特征,对变质岩的形成环境和过程进行了反演.     

西南天山变质俯冲杂岩中的陆壳物质——来自变基性岩的地球化学证据

西南天山高压-超高压变质带中阿坦塔义地区新发现的榴辉岩块体呈透镜体产于围岩石榴石白云母片岩中,边部发育退变质蓝片岩.榴辉岩与蓝片岩具有相似的地球化学特征:榴辉岩SiO2为51.59％ ～52.66％,TiO2为0.70％ ～0.80％;蓝片岩SiO2为51.57％ ～54.06％,TiO2为0.86％～0.89％;榴辉岩与蓝片岩均具有轻稀土富集且内部中度分异、重稀土平缓、中度Eu负异常及亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti等元素的地球化学特征,La/Nb分别为3.0 ～4.8及2.1 ～3.7,类似典型的活动大陆边缘岛弧岩浆岩特征.榴辉岩Zr/Hf=36.5 ～ 37.1,Nb/Ta=10.2 ～ 12.9;蓝片岩Zr/Hf=35.9 ～ 36.4,Nb/Ta=11.6 ～ 12.2,均类似大陆地壳的Zr/Hf与Nb/Ta比值.榴辉岩(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7091 ～0.7095,εNd(t)=-7.52 ～-6.31;蓝片岩(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7098 ～0.7107,εNd(t)=--7.70 ～-7.13.主微量元素特征和Sr-Nd同位素组成显示榴辉岩和蓝片岩的原岩具大陆地壳性质,这也是首次在西南天山变质俯冲杂岩中发现陆壳物质.     

内蒙古锡林郭勒杂岩岩石学特征及其变质作用的p—t条件

锡林郭勒杂岩出露于华北地台北缘晚古生代褶皱带内，形成于1．3－1．0Ga，主要由黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪片岩以及变粒岩夹透镜状或脉状斜长角闪岩组成，具角内岩相变质，原岩以钙碱性系列火成岩为主。通过对其中角闪岩及片麻岩中的长石、角闪石的矿物化学研究，计算出其变质作用发生的温度为540－550℃，压力为0.5-0.6GPa。     

蚌埠隆起区石榴辉石岩变质PT轨迹及年代学研究

蚌埠隆起位于华北克拉通东部陆块的胶-辽-吉造山带的最南缘,由于侧重点和关注度的差异,对于该地区的变质演化过程的探究一直较为缺乏,制约了人们对该隆起形成过程的理解。为此,本文通过对该隆起的石榴辉石岩及其退变的黑云斜长片麻岩详细的野外观测、岩相学分析、热力学评价和年代学的研究,较为充分地探讨了该隆起的形成机制。研究显示这两类岩石记录了5个变质阶段：阶段-Ⅰ的平均温压为：T=672±17 ℃和P=1.05±0.02 GPa;阶段-Ⅱ的平均温压为：T=805±30 ℃和 P=1.21±0.04 GPa;阶段-Ⅲ的平均温压为：T=615±13 ℃和 P=0.93±0.02 GPa; 阶段-Ⅳ的平均温压为：T=632±6 ℃和P=0.50±0.01 GPa;阶段-Ⅴ的温压为推测值：T=400 ℃～450 ℃和P=0.2～0.4 GPa。其中阶段-Ⅰ～阶段-Ⅲ表象为角闪岩相→麻粒岩相→角闪岩相的过程,显示了一个近等压的可能的快速升温和降温的过程。而阶段-Ⅲ～阶段-Ⅳ表现为一个近于等温降压的快速过程,直至阶段-Ⅴ表现为可能的缓慢降温降压过程。结合背景资料和前人年龄数据,以及本次对退变黑云斜长片麻岩的锆石U-Pb定年（1 885±16 Ma）研究,推测该全过程可能反映的是两期变质事件。其中,早期的变质以阶段-Ⅰ、阶段-Ⅱ和阶段-Ⅲ为代表,揭示了大约在2.5 Ga时期,蚌埠隆起经历了大规模岩浆上侵及紧密相伴的高温麻粒岩相变质事件;而晚期变质以阶-Ⅲ→阶段-Ⅳ等温降压为代表,可能反映的是大约1.9 Ga时期,胶-辽-吉造山带的形成过程。