对地质资料归档汇交中若干问题的分析

地质资料是地质资源信息的宝库,它包含着巨大的社会经济价值。依法归档与汇交地质资料是地质工作者的责任与义务。本文通过阐述地质资料归档与汇交工作的意义与具体要求,剖析了归档与汇交工作中常出现的资料格式不符合规范、电子文档制作系统的使用不够熟练等问题,并提出了解决办法,对该项工作规范、高效的完成具有参考意义。     

Compositional Data Analysis of Geological Variability and Process: A Case Study

Developments in the statistical analysis of compositional data over the last two decades have made possible a much deeper exploration of the nature of variability and the possible processes associated with compositional data sets from many disciplines. In this paper, we concentrate on geochemical data. First, we explain how hypotheses of compositional variability may be formulated within the natural sample space, the unit simplex, including useful hypotheses of sub-compositional discrimination and specific perturbational change. Then we develop through standard methodology, such as generalised likelihood ratio tests, statistical tools to allow the systematic investigation of a lattice of such hypotheses. Some of these tests are simple adaptations of existing multivariate tests but others require special construction. We comment on the use of graphical methods in compositional data analysis and on the ordination of specimens. The recent development of the concept of compositional processes is then explained, together with the necessary tools for a staying-in-the-simplex approach, such as the singular value decomposition of a compositional data set. All these statistical techniques are illustrated for a substantial compositional data set, consisting of 209 major oxide and trace element compositions of metamorphosed limestones from the Grampian Highlands of Scotland. Finally, we discuss some unresolved problems in the statistical analysis of compositional processes.     

基于1984～2022年榆林市地质灾害记录对其时空分布规律分析

地质灾害时空分布规律研究是制定地质灾害防治计划和落实防灾减灾措施的重要基础。笔者系统分析1984～2022年榆林市有记录的527组地质灾害数据,总结榆林市地质灾害的时空分布规律。空间上,榆林市地质灾害主要发生于清涧、子洲、米脂等县域,在地貌上以黄土丘陵沟壑区为主,黄河沿岸土石山区次之,风沙滩地区不发育。在时间上,年内地质灾害发生主要集中在7～10月汛期,月内集中于7月11～15日,冻融期均有分布且致死人数最多。灾害数量、致死人数越多,其重现期越长。子洲县年地质灾害致死概率最高（16.5%）,其次为米脂县（9.8%）和府谷县（5.6%）。由此提出下一步工作建议：①加强汛期降雨量与地质灾害发生概率定量关系研究,完善地质灾害气象预警阈值。②加强冻融机理研究,建立冻融型地质灾害防御方案。③加强“风险点+危险区”的双控机制研究。     

地质调查中有机物分析方法研究及应用

有机分析是近年地质调查工作中新开展的分析测试技术.随着地质调查工作重点由"资源"转为"资源与环境"并重,有机分析测试技术成为环境地质调查工作的重要技术支撑.从2003年起,在地质大调查项目的持续支持下和2005年启动的"全国地下水水质调查和污染评价"专项的促进下,国家地质实验测试中心基于多年的研究基础和实际应用效果,利用新技术建立的"多目标地质调查中主要有机物分析方法"和"地下水调查中37种必测有机组分的系统分析方法"在行业内迅速推广和应用,培养了一支地质调查有机分析测试骨干队伍,全面承担多目标地质调查、"全国地下水水质调查和污染评价"等大批量检测任务,迄今为止已完成多目标地质调查和全国地下水调查样品测试几万组,及时保证了地质调查项目的止常实施.2008年项目组还参与汶川水质、三聚氰胺牛奶等国家应急标准<水质、组胺等五种生物胺的测定--高效液相色谱法>(GB.T21970-2008)、<原料乳中三聚氰胺快速检测--液相色谱法>(GB/T 22400-2008)的起草和方法验证工作,产生了较好的社会影响.有机分析测试技术不仅在地质调查主战场充分发挥了技术支撑作用,也在国家层面上展示了国土资源行业在社会公益事业中的作用.     

流动注射在线分离浓集技术在地质物料分析中的应用

介绍了流动注射在线分离浓集技术在地质物料分析中的应用情况,包括在线离子交换柱,在线溶剂萃取,在线沉淀溶解、在线气液分离浓集,并对其发展作了展望,列出主要文献１９篇。     

Mean Traveltime Curves Analysis: A Method to Improve Understanding of Data Behaviour in 2-D Transmission Tomography at the Pre-Inversion Stage

Transmission tomography methods show a great sensibility to data variability, which eventually includes data errors, often present in field experiments. Local optimization methods, traditionally used to solve this inverse problem, are very sensitive to these difficulties, failing to converge properly in the presence of spurious data. Regularization methods partially cope with these weaknesses, damping the instabilities.A complementary approach, adopted here, is to perform a structured analysis of data variability before the inversion, oriented to discriminate the contribution of errors from that of true geological heterogeneities. The key concept of mean traveltime curves ( and ) is introduced and described. Their analytical equations are deduced for isotropic homogeneous media and any recording geometry. Empirical mean traveltime curves can be inferred based solely on traveltime data, using the corresponding discrete estimators. The methodology proposed here proceeds through a user-defined subdivision of the domain of interest into isotropic homogeneous areas. Least squares velocity estimations and associated data misfits are used to scrutinize the behaviour of the implied source-receiver sets and of the ray-swept part of the geologic medium. Data are considered suspicious if zonal estimated velocities are non-consistent with a priori information. Also, independent fitting of both empirical curves helps to classify the genesis of the residuals: some situations are illustrated.Finally, we show the application of this technique to a data set from the Grimsel test site in Switzerland. Using this methodology, we detect some anomalous gathers, which may be responsible for the large range of velocities found in the initial imaging with this data set. Also, we give some indications of the possible sources of these anomalies. This approach offers a quick data variability analysis in the pre-processing stage, which, even if no data editing algorithms are finally used, always improves the understanding of the data structure.     

日照市近海海域灾害地质类型及特征分析

日照近岸海域灾害地质类型主要为埋藏下切谷、海底侵蚀、冲刷沟槽和冲刷陡坎及海底抛泥区等。通过对日照海岸带近岸海域的浅地层剖面和水深测量资料,开展主要地震地层界面的追踪和对比,结合沉积物粒度和地球化学特征,对近海海域潜在灾害地质因素进行分析对比,探讨了日照近海海区的灾害地质类型、特征和分布规律,为半岛蓝色经济区的海洋开发提供基础地质资料。     

馆藏资料视角下甘肃地质工作程度与需求分析

通过对馆藏地质资料进行梳理、分析,提供基础地质调查、矿产资源勘查、能源资源调查、水文地质调查、防灾减灾、生态环境和资料管理等地质信息和工作程度,结合新形势下经济社会对地质矿产的需求,探索地质调查工作发展新方向,服务地方政府进行地质勘查规划、城乡建设规划和生态文明建设,引导矿产资源产业走集约、绿色、安全、智慧的发展道路,为地方经济建设和社会发展做贡献。     

剑川盆地第三纪以来地壳变形的地质分析与FT测年

通过地层沉积、褶皱变形、断裂活动性质转化等分析可以看出：始新世早期,剑川盆地的宝相寺组（Eb）构成轴向近南北向的褶皱和与之相伴的NNE向盆缘主断裂右旋逆推运动;中新世以来,双河组（N1s）地层的褶皱走向为NE向,此期间盆缘主断裂变为左旋逆推性质;上新世以后（N2Q）剑川地壳块体以伸展裂陷为主,伴随地壳的差异隆升,盆缘断裂以正断裂为主,同时有晚上新世粗面岩沿裂隙侵位。裂变径迹测年（简称FT测年,下同）表明：遭褶皱变形的双河组（N1s）地层年龄为（15.8±1.8）Ma;盆缘主断裂的左旋逆推运动发生在（5.4±1.1）Ma,后期正断裂运动发生在（1.6±0.7）Ma;被断裂抬升的剑川组（N2j）和晚上新世（τ6）粗面岩的FT年龄介于（2.4±0.85～3.1±0.5）Ma。上述资料揭示：盆地近EW向挤压作用发生在15Ma.BP,而区内NW向挤压运动发生在（15～5.4）Ma.BP间,后期正断引张运动开始于距今5.4Ma前,强烈活动于（1.5～1.6）Ma.BP。也即区内地壳变形由早期（E3）近EW向挤压经中新世（N2）NW向挤压至上新世（N2）后,则以引张裂陷作用为主。该变形过程可能与印度洋板块推挤、青藏高原隆升及高原物质作SE向流展的地壳动力学过程有关。     

若羌喀腊大湾铜矿床地质特征及成因

喀腊大湾铜矿位于塔里木板块塔里木古陆缘地块红柳沟-拉配泉奥陶纪裂谷带,矿区位于阿尔金北缘断裂带南侧、喀腊达坂断裂与喀腊大湾断裂的交汇部位.矿体产于蓟县系卓阿布拉克组火山岩地层中,是一个以铜为主,共(伴)生铅锌的多金属矿床.推测成矿作用发生于火山旋回间歇式喷发期,岩石蚀变较强,蚀变分带明显,矿石类型主要为条带浸染状和条纹浸染状,成因类型属与火山作用有关的火山岩型硫化物矿床.     

江西万载县野猫冲铜矿矿床地质特征及成因探析

野猫冲铜矿是小型的铜多金属矿床,储量丰富,所处黄茅地区属钦杭结合带北侧之萍乡乐平坳陷带北缘新元古代早期裂谷区西段。在地表地质调查、钻孔岩心的考察以及岩矿鉴定的基础上,对矿床特征进行了详细研究。研究显示矿床受断裂构造控制,与晋宁早期变海底火山岩关系密切,具有富铜低硫、两期成矿温度,成矿流体具有海底喷流与构造岩浆热液叠加改造双重作用,得出矿床为海相火山喷流沉积与构造岩浆热液改造蚀变岩型铜矿床。     

西南极菲尔德斯地壳形变监测的数据处理与分析(英)

In order to study contemporary crustal movement of Antarctic, China has not only constructed the deformation monitoring network in West Antarctic Fildes strait region, but also monitored the network by using DI-20 Geodimeter and GPS instruments, and participated the Antarctic GPS Campaign Observation organized by SCAR as well.During mathematics processing of crustal horizontal deformation observations, a method to bring deformation parameters into the error equations of observations is discussed in this paper. Several classical deformation models, such as rigid body displacement and strain, are introduced in detail. By analyzing the reference datum of statistical geodetic network, a conclusion is drawn that it is unfit to use rank-defected reference datum for the crustal deformation analysis, and another method is developed to set up different additional weight matrix for every different kind of parameter, the classical adjustment and rank-defected adjustment are well unified. Two methods of considering or non-considering the relation between point parameters and deformation parameters are compared, and the former is more appropriate than the latter. A series of programs are developed to implementing the method mentioned above and the analysis of West Antarctic Fileds deformation monitoring network. It is also involved GPS data processing and analysis of deformation results in the paper. The research results indicate that it seems exacting displacement in Fildes rift region, but the displacement is not large, just a little rift shear movement.     

哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰戈尔诺耶古近纪砂金矿地质特征及成矿规律

阿尔泰造山带砂金矿资源丰富,前人对河流中的砂金矿进行了详细研究,而对山间盆地中赋存的砂金矿研究较少.本文对哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰造山带南缘最东侧的戈尔诺耶古近纪含砂金盆地进行了初步研究,通过地质、自然重砂测量圈定了砂金异常,经浅井和砂钻等工程深部查证,结果显示砂金主要赋存在古近纪粗粒的石英砾石层中,砂金形态以片状为主,是以微...     

Review in Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology: Data Acquisition,Analysis and Comparison

The U-Pb chronology of detritus zircon is an important method to explore sediment provenance, which is widely used in sedimentology, geotectonics, geomorphology and other fields. This paper reviewed the recent progress of the U-Pb chronology of detrital zircon from three aspects: data acquisition, analysis and comparison. In terms of data acquisition, the sample preparation method, isotope age data selection and test quantity were expounded from the basic principle; In terms of data analysis, the data visualization methods of Probability Density Plot (PDP), Kernel Density Estimate (KDE) and Cumulative Age Distribution (CAD) were compared; In terms of data comparison, the basic algorithm and application advantages of quantitative comparison were analyzed with examples, including (dis)similarity measures based on non-parametric hypothesis tests (K-S test), (dis)similarity measures based on age spectrum comparison (Cross-correlation coefficients) and (dis)similarity measures based on Multi-Dimensional Scali (MDS). Finally, three commonly used software tools were introduced. Suggestions were given in terms of data acquisition, analysis and comparison for future research.     

基于小波分析的重磁数据求导方法及应用

在双正交小波分析下,实现了重磁异常数据高精度的导数计算。该算法是在小波分析得到的系数基础上,采用Monte-Carlo方法进行噪声的估计,根据获得参数分别进行去噪处理。理论计算结果表明:算法的计算效率高,计算的结果精度高,抗干扰能力强。实际数据处理结果表明:采用基于小波变换的方法完成导数处理,结果对地质填图中地质体边界的划分和磁性地层参数分析提供了重要的资料,也为采用基于导数的位场数据反演解释方法提供了优良的基础数据。     

辽宁盘锦新近系馆陶组地下热水分布特征及成因分析

辽宁盘锦新近系馆陶组地下热水埋藏较深,开发历史较早,但利用率较低。研究认为,该区地温场变化主要受地幔隆起相对程度控制;东西两侧幔隆带部位,地壳的厚度相对较薄,结晶岩基底埋藏浅,深部热能传导到储热层消耗能量少,地温及地温梯度值相对较高;中部幔凹带地温以中凸起最高,凹陷区相对较低。在地幔隆起的控制下,区内馆陶组地下水水温受储热层埋藏深度的影响,储热层的埋藏深度大,降低了热能向地表的散失速度,所以水温相对较高;反之,水温相对较低。地下水水温变化规律为：西部的谷坡区,受地下水径流影响,水温一般25℃～28℃,而凹陷区则为30℃～35℃;到中部隆起区水温升高到35℃～50℃;东部凹陷区为31℃～38℃,谷坡为29℃。深部上地幔幔源热源（岩浆热）构成本区生热层,经构造导热作用传输到储热层。最后指出,中央凸起区是该区馆陶组地下热水勘查开发的有利地区,重点开发应在温热水（I区）。     

流动注射法测定咸水和半咸水中的硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮

咸水、半咸水资源广布,是干旱、半干旱地区重要的替代水资源和锂、钾盐等国家战略性矿产资源的重要来源。对咸水、半咸水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐等关键指标进行监控,是实现水资源综合利用的重要前提。流动注射法集采样、富集、分离、检测于一体,能够实现在线检测分析,近年来被广泛应用于淡水和海水分析,但对盐度更高的咸水类样品,该法尚未开展深入研究。本文利用全自动流动注射分析仪,建立了适用于咸水和半咸水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的分析测定方法。通过仪器工作参数、显色剂浓度和介质、缓冲溶液中氯化铵浓度和pH值等实验条件优化,确定了方法最佳试验参数。用纯水作载流,可以实现盐度为0～5%范围水样中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的准确测定。对于盐度大于5%的卤水样品,需采用载流盐度匹配的方式改善样品回收率,使该法对盐度的耐受范围扩展至24%左右。本法对硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的检出限分别为0.002mg/L、0.001mg/L,测定范围分别为0～2.00mg/L、0～1.00mg/L。通过国家标准物质和实际样品分析表明,该法具有良好的精密度和正确度,自动化程度高,分析周期短,适用于大批量样品的分析测试。     

基于三次B样条函数的非线性PLSR分析及其在泉流量预测中的应用

地下水系统内部及其外界环境中的各种要素之间往往存在复杂的多重共线性和非线性,这是在建立统计模型时遇到的2个主要难点。介绍了基于三次B样条函数的非线性偏最小二乘建模方法和进行非线性结构分析的原理,分析了存在变量相关性的条件下该原理的适用性,并将其应用于黑龙洞泉流量的预测分析中。应用结果表明:模型拟合阶段平均误差7.6%,检验阶段平均误差11.2%,该方法能有效地处理建模过程中的多重共线性和非线性问题,并可进行非线性结构分析。     

赣南晚侏罗世九龙脑钨锡铅锌矿集区不同成矿类型花岗岩年龄、地球化学特征对比及其地质意义

九龙脑花岗岩体位于南岭东部,它周围分布着众多钨、锡和铅锌矿床(点).本文选择岩体北侧淘锡坑石英脉型钨矿、东侧宝山矽卡岩型铅锌矿底部的隐伏花岗岩,对比九龙脑岩体开展了成岩年代学、地球化学、Sr- Nd同位素研究.上述岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别是158.7±3.9Ma、157.7±2.7Ma、154.9±2.2...