新太古界Campbellrand亚群白云岩岩溶系统对南非Postmasburg锰矿田的影响

为分析新太古界Campbellrand亚群白云岩基底形成的岩溶系统对南非Postmasburg锰矿田发育和分布的影响,利用XRF和偏光显微镜鉴定技术,结合野外地质调查和岩芯钻探,对矿石的矿物成分、矿体中的Mn、Fe空间分布、Doornfontein砾岩的结构特征、白云岩容矿构造的形态进行了研究。结果表明：Maremane穹隆上的Campbellrand亚群白云岩遭受了两次大规模的溶蚀。溶蚀构造引起沉积物分异,沉积建造底部Mn质最为富集,向外、向上逐渐由Fe质主导,形成褐锰矿—方铁锰矿—赤铁矿的序列,顶部则演变为铝土质岩。沉积序列中Mn+Fe质和Al质含量呈现出较强的负相关性。溶坑的特殊形态导致矿体受层控,但并不呈现规则的层状形态。东矿带的Wolhaarkop硅质角砾岩与白云岩中的燧石和硅质白云岩密切相关,而混合带和西矿带普遍发育的Doornfontein砾岩则是岩溶作用影响下锰质的成岩作用被推迟所形成,它们都是成矿期岩溶系统发育的间接产物。溶坑底部的锰土混合物揭示了成矿后期溶蚀作用的发生和沉积序列的坍塌破碎,小型的断层也造成了矿体的严重破碎和顶板地层的褶曲。Gamagara低山脊两侧分布的小型堆积型矿体也与后期地表岩溶系统长期的发育有关。     

南非Postmasburg锰矿田白云岩的控矿作用

Bishop、Paling两个矿区位于南非Postmasburg锰矿田的西矿带上,这一地区发育了典型的沉积-变质型矿床。在岩性序列中识别出了6个岩性单元,自下而上分别为:白云岩单元、铁锰矿体单元、铁质细砂岩/铁质砾岩单元、泥质粉砂岩单元、石英岩单元和页岩单元,其中白云岩单元构成了矿床发育的基底。白云岩有两种类型,分别为富锰白云岩及上覆的藻白云岩,它们是岩溶系统形成的基础。岩溶系统中的大量溶坑是沉积序列的主要赋存空间。原生矿体的形态、规模和发育位置均受溶坑的控制,侧向延伸不连续。锰土是富锰白云岩的风化残余物,被矿体底部的富锰矿石不整合覆盖。侧部的富铁矿石则直接覆盖在藻白云岩之上。堆积型矿体多分布于白云岩斜坡的边缘。将矿田的发育过程划分为三个时期,其中第一时期形成的N-S向溶蚀洼地为铁、锰的赋存奠定了基础;第三时期岩溶作用再次发生,原生矿体侧部坍塌,矿石在斜坡上富集形成堆积型矿体。     

南非Postmasburg地区锰矿床地质特征及成因分析

以南非Postmasburg地区Bishop、Paling两个矿区为研究载体,将研究区的地层划分为6个岩性单元,自下而上分别为白云岩单元、铁锰矿体单元、铁质细砂岩/铁质砾岩单元、泥质粉砂岩单元、石英岩/Gamagara页岩单元和Paling页岩单元。识别出了沉积受变质型、堆积型和锰质软泥或锰土型三类矿床,并讨论了其成因模型。根据地层序列特征,将研究区的发育与演化过程划分为4个阶段。分析表明:锰质软泥或锰土是富锰白云岩遭受溶蚀后的残余物。沉积序列各单元为渐变关系,而与白云岩单元之间为不整合接触关系。三种矿床类型都与白云岩的岩溶系统有关,锰质软泥或锰土中的锰来源于富锰白云岩,另外两种则可能来源于安山岩。两次岩溶系统之后分别形成了沉积受变质型矿床和堆积型矿床。成矿后期矿体受到Marthaspoort石英岩的保护而保存下来。     

滇东北乐红铅锌矿矿石特征及主要成矿过程研究

乐红铅锌矿矿体呈脉状,赋存于断层构造破碎带中,矿体直接围岩为上震旦统灯影组第二段之硅质白云岩。矿石矿物以金属硫化物为主,脉石矿物以白云石为主,从矿物生成顺序看,该铅锌矿的成矿过程可划分为原岩沉积阶段、碎裂岩化阶段和成矿热液阶段。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区奥陶系岩溶风化壳储集层类型与形成条件

早奥陶世,庆阳-黄陵古隆起北侧形成蒸发台地斜坡白云岩坪膏质白云岩、含膏白云岩沉积.加里东期,该古隆起随同鄂尔多斯盆地整体抬升,其北坡不同层位的石膏质白云岩、含膏白云岩差异溶蚀形成了膏溶角砾白云岩、蜂窝状膏溶细晶白云岩、针孔状膏溶白云岩、粒间溶孔细晶白云岩和溶蚀孔洞泥粉晶碳酸盐岩等不同类型的岩溶储集层.斜坡宽缓、地下水流...     

云南永善县金沙厂铅锌矿控矿因素

云南永善县金沙厂铅锌矿矿体呈脉状、透镜状、似层状产出。矿区内的层间破碎带、断层破碎带以及地层褶皱构造之虚脱部位,是主要的容矿构造。矿体近矿围岩为震旦系上统灯影组白云岩、硅质白云岩、含磷白云岩。矿床具有上层状下脉状、上平缓下陡倾的成矿特点,属构造控制中低温热液型矿床。     

福建马坑铁矿辉石的成因矿物学研究

本文研究了福建马坑铁矿床中辉石族矿物的时空分布、产状、种属及其晶体形态标型、物理标型、化学成分标型。通过不同成因的辉石(308个不同成因辉石)化学成分标型对比、图解等综合判别方法确定马坑铁矿中辉石有火山岩变质、沉积变质、接触交代和岩浆四种成因。矿体底部成矿建造为富Fe、K、Mn火山岩建造,中下部为富F、Mn硅铁质沉积建造,上部为富Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Si碳酸盐沉积建造。马坑矿床主矿体为海底火山沉积变质型铁矿。提出利用辉石的种属、含铁系数、化学标型判断有无矿体及其贫富的矿物学标志。     

安徽沿江地区中三叠统角砾岩特征及其成因探讨

安徽沿江地区中三叠统角砾岩极其发育,岩性、形态、岩石组合类型多样,但成因尚无定论,多被解释为膏溶角砾岩。通过对多地若干条剖面调查,发现用简单的膏溶角砾岩来解释这套复杂的砾岩有所不妥。根据岩石特征及组合辨识出5类不同成因机制的角砾岩:滨岸缓坡砾屑岩、膏溶角砾岩、岩溶角砾岩、冲积扇砾岩和构造角砾岩。滨岸缓坡砾屑岩和冲积扇砾岩均发育于同生期,前者与所处的滨岸缓坡位置密切相关;后者与构造隆升区的各类岩石受物理和化学风化作用有关,在突发性事件的诱导下,母岩剥离而形成的沉积物随雨水坡面流冲刷、搬运作用由山顶和斜坡向山谷快递移动,快速沉积形成,代表了印支运动早幕活动的加强期,指示了印支运动早幕是以抬升运动为主、褶皱运动为辅。膏溶角砾岩、岩溶角砾岩与印支运动早幕无明显的关联性,可能与印支运动晚幕—燕山运动的构造活动及淡水淋浴作用的结果。前者砾石成分相对单一,发育于干旱蒸发的高水位体系域内,可能为原先含膏白云岩、白云岩与石膏互层,后由于构造抬升,石膏层受到淡水的作用溶蚀,造成了岩层空疏—垮塌,在原地堆积形成;后者砾石成分较为复杂,其形成与构造存在着较为密切的关系,前期的构造破碎为后期渗流水和潜流水提供了岩溶作用空间。构造角砾岩应为构造活动的产物,应与印支运动早幕无关,而为北西、北东向张性断裂破坏的结果,其成因可能与印支运动晚幕或燕山运动有较为密切的关系。     

四川省宁南县跑马铅锌矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

宁南跑马铅锌矿集中产于下寒武统麦地坪段潮坪-泻湖相的粘土-藻白云岩-硅质白云岩组合中,受平行不整合面和褶皱的层间破碎带、裂隙密集带、断裂等控制,为典型的沉积改造型矿床;矿床经历了沉积和改造两个成矿期,即在麦地坪段沉积过程中铅、锌初始富集形成矿源层,经后期热液叠加改造富集成矿,矿区具备大型铅锌矿床的成矿条件,找矿前景良好.     

冀东长城式金矿成矿中一些问题的初步探讨

长城式金矿主要受长城系岩石层间角砾岩破碎带,褐铁矿化和有机质（碳）含量控制,与岩石层位和性质无关。成矿热液可能是在伸展构造体系的控制下,超糜棱岩化变质作用衍生的变货流体或溶熔岩浆作用衍生的岩浆热液流体,在构造动力驱动下上升至盖层破碎带与天水混合的产物。它们在白云岩破碎带中渗流形成碳质含矿热液;在碎屑岩破碎带中渗流形成硅质含矿热液。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861