南华北地区的构造演化与含油气性

本文对南华北盆地进行了深入细致的研究后认为其经历了12个演化阶段:变质结晶基底的形成(Ar-Pt1)、拗拉槽-裂谷盆地阶段(长城纪Ch)、克拉通—裂谷盆地阶段(蓟县纪Jx-新元古代青白口纪Qb)、克拉通-被动大陆边缘盆地阶段(Z-O2)、整体隆升-弧后盆地阶段(O3-D2)、克拉通-(弧后)前陆盆地阶段(D3-T1)、印支运动阶段(T2-T3)、类前陆盆地阶段(T3-J2)、压扭背景下的挤压冲断-走滑拉分盆地阶段(J3-K11)、冲断抬升剥蚀阶段(K21-K2)、裂陷盆地阶段(E)及坳陷盆地阶段(N-Q)。南华北盆地石炭-二叠系煤系地层是南华北盆地的主要烃源岩。石炭-二叠系煤系地层经历了沉积→埋深→抬升剥蚀改造→再埋深的过程,在再次埋深过程中具备二次生烃的条件。     

早白垩世合肥盆地性质及含油气性分析

根据地震、电法、盆地模拟等新资料并结合区域地质资料的综合分析,对早白垩世合肥盆地的复杂构造及盆地性质、演化进行了深入讨论,认为合肥盆地在早白垩世时属于一个处于由压性应力场向张性应力场转换过程中形成的复杂复合盆地,即早白垩世早中期属主要受控于其南侧大别造山带的滑覆冲断类前陆盆地、早白垩世中晚期属主要受控于其东侧郯庐断裂活动的走滑拉分盆地。进而探讨了其拉分盆地内潜在的下白垩统油气系统及其勘探前景。从盆地研究的角度来进一步认识郯庐断裂的活动及对合肥盆地的油气勘探均具有借鉴及指导意义。     

裂谷盆地形成的动力学机制及其含油气性

以澳大利亚南部的吉普斯兰盆地和中国东北部的松辽盆地为例，通过对它们所处的地理位置，内部结构构造特征，油气藏类型，油气藏的分布特征，生储盖特征以及形成时代的比较，对纵向拼合成式裂谷盆地形成动力学机制及其含油气性作了探讨，阐明了具有相似结构构造特征和演化历史，同一时期处于相近地理环境中的沉积盆地，应具有相似的含油气远景；而这一切都是由近似的成盆动力学机制，即：地球深部动力所诱发的远源板内应力，地幔底辟     

合肥盆地中新生代构造演化

综合地质、物探及钻井等资料,通过对合肥盆地的构造演化分析,认为合肥盆地是大别造山带和郯庐断裂带共同作用产生的中新生代残留盆地。受两大构造体系的共同作用,合肥盆地在印支期形成了盆地的基底,中新生代的演化大体可划分为以下5个时期：J1～J2坳陷盆地发育期;J3再生前陆盆地发育期;K1走滑盆地发育期;K2—E断陷盆地发育期;N—Q盆地消亡期。其中,在盆地发育早期受大别造山带影响较大,郯庐断裂作用较小;在盆地发育的中后期,郯庐断裂的影响逐渐成为主导因素。     

合肥盆地白垩纪地层及盆地演化

合肥盆地白垩纪地层分为二统四组,岩性特征明显,物源主要来自大别造山带和张八岭造山带.白垩纪初期在大规模右旋走滑拉伸条件下的伸展变形,导致地下热能释放,形成盆地.早白垩世由于盆山幕式构造作用和深断裂的走滑作用,造成盆地的差异性隆升.晚白垩世合肥盆地转入应力松驰、整体不均匀抬升的坳陷初始阶段.末期由应力松驰转为受SW-NE向挤压应力的发展阶段,形成箕状断陷盆地.     

合肥盆地沉积构造样式与大别造山带的演化历史

对大别造山带的成生演化已有了系统而全面的研究和认识，但对印支运动期后大别山的构造演化却涉及较少，其工作基础是以大别造山带内的地质研究为基础；笔者以大别山北缘合肥盆地的沉积构造样式为研究对象，重点探讨印支运动期后大别山的成生演化历史。在吸收前人对大别山成果的研究基础上，以合肥盆地沉积和构造样式为主线，结合大别山北缘和合肥盆地的诸多地质特征，对中生代以来，大别山至少存在有四次造山运动：分别发生在印支期、燕山晚期、喜马拉雅早期和喜马拉雅中期。四次造山运动的强弱也明显不同：以印支期最强烈，其次为燕山晚期的挤压推覆，而喜马拉雅期的两次隆升运动较弱。四次造山运动的样式也存在明显差异：印支运动表现为自南而北的大规模挤压推覆运动，燕山晚期和喜马拉雅早期则以小规模的挤压运动为主，喜马拉雅中期则以整体升降为主。     

中亚与邻区盆地群构造演化及含油气性

基于中亚及其邻区大地构造和盆地构造演化,利用古板块再造、地理信息软件等对中亚盆地群的构造演化及含油气性进行探讨。中亚与邻区盆地群在早古生代分属不同陆块,这些陆块于早石炭世开始汇聚,早二叠世完成拼合,形成中亚盆地群。汇聚前该区受到海西期构造影响,在中生代伸展构造和新生代挤压构造的作用下形成的众多盆地类型为叠合盆地。该区主要烃岩源发育于海西期早期和中-新生代伸展背景的裂谷事件。油气主要集中在侏罗系(41%)和石炭系(37%)中,主要的勘探目的层是碳酸盐岩、礁灰岩、膏岩和泥岩。阿姆河、费尔干纳、图尔盖和阿富汗-塔吉克等盆地的油气主要集中于前陆冲断带和凹陷断阶带。滨里海、北乌斯丘尔特和曼各什拉克等克拉通盆地油气集中于盆地边缘的隆起带和断阶带,具有自生自储特征。     

Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Potential in Northern Area of the South Yellow Sea

The northern area of the South Yellow Sea, located in the offshore region of China, resulted from the continental-continental collision orogeny during the Mesozoic and can be divided into four stages in terms of tectonic evolution: (1) pre-orogenic passive continental margin stage (Z-T2); (2) foreland basin stage corresponding with the late phase of the Sulu (苏鲁) orogeny (J3-K); (3) post-orogenic intracontinental rifted basin stage (K2t-E); and (4) regional subsidence and coverage stage (N-Q). Based on deta...     

塔里木盆地构造演化与构造样式

塔里木盆地的发展演化受不同时期板块构造背景的控制，形成了陆内裂谷、裂陷槽、克拉通内拉张盆地、克拉通内挤压盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地、弧后拉张盆地、弧后前陆和周缘前陆盆地等多种原型盆地并相互叠加和改造。盆地中存在挤压、引张、扭动和叠加构造样式，可以形成良好的圈闭构造，盆地中的大型隆起带是主要的油气聚集带，前陆盆地褶皱－冲断带具有较好的油气前景。     

Tectonic Evolution and Petroleum Systems in the Junggar Basin

The Junggar basin is located in the northern part of Xinjiang of China. It is part of the Kazakstan plate, surrounded by the Paleozoic folded mountains: the Halaart, Zayier and Chepaizi Mountains in the northwest, the Qingelidi and Karamaili Mountains in the northeast, and the Tianshan Mountains in the south. In different evolution stages, the basin's types are different, and the stratigraphy and deposition are also different. From the Carboniferous to Tertiary the basin has in turn gone through rift basin, collision foreland basin, intraplate depression basin and regenerated foreland basin. Based on an analysis of thermal evolution history and buried history of the source rocks, three major periods of oil generation are found in the basin. According to the characteristics of source rock distribution, evolution, oil-source correlation, structure and multi-phase and mixed pools, the Junggar basin could be divided into 4 composite petroleum systems. Due to the variation in sedimentary facies, difference in     

黑龙江漠河盆地构造特征与成盆演化

对漠河盆地的地层层序、构造特征和构造单元、盆地演化过程等进行了研究。漠河盆地盖层主要为侏罗纪陆相煤系地层及白垩系火山岩，属典型的二元结构。晚侏罗世中期由于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋的关闭，额尔古纳微板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞，使盆地西部产生逆冲推覆构造，地层缩短量在64km以上。晚侏罗世晚期到晚白垩世，盆地进入西太平洋构造域演化阶段，处于拉张环境，在盆地中部和东部发生了三期大规模的火山活动，形成火山断陷盆地。因此，漠河盆地经历了蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋和西太平洋两种不同构造域的演化阶段，具有西部挤压推覆、中部和东部拉张断陷构造特点。     

Tectonic Evolution of the Junggar Foreland Basin in the Late Carboniferous-Permian

A comprehensive study has been carried out to subdivide and correlate the Upper Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary successions in the Junggar basin based on outcrops and drilling and geophysical data. The study results, combined with geological analyses of the basin's periphery and the basement, as well as studies of the sedimentary rocks within the basin, the unconformities, tectonic geometry, kinematics and geodynamics, lead to the conclusion that the Junggar basin was characterized by the development of foreland basin systems during the Late Carboniferous and Permian. During that period, three foreland basin systems were developed: (1) the northwest foreland basin system, which trended nearly north-south from Mahu to the Chepaizi Palaeo-mountain during its early stage of development and thus it was also referred to as the west foreland basin system; (2) the Karamaili foreland basin system in the east and (3) the Northern Tianshan foreland basin system in the south. These systems are different in s     

合肥盆地构造演化、差异变形及油气勘探前景

合肥盆地的发育经历了基底形成、坳陷、断陷及构造反转等阶段的演化,进一步可以划分为坳陷盆地发育期(早侏罗世—中侏罗世)、前陆盆地发育期(晚侏罗世)、走滑盆地发育期(早白垩世)、断陷盆地发育期(晚白垩世—古近纪)和盆地消亡期(新近纪—第四纪)等5个阶段。控制合肥盆地构造-沉积格局的关键构造变形期为:早燕山期、中燕山期、晚燕山期—早喜马拉雅期。合肥盆地差异构造变形特征十分明显,自南往北可以划分为3个构造带,即金寨—舒城逆冲—伸展叠合构造带、六安—肥西逆冲推覆-断陷叠合构造带、淮南—定远冲断-断陷叠合带。这种南北方向的构造分带性受NWW向展布的断裂带控制。笔者依据对盆地各构造形变区勘探潜力的分析,确立了淮南—定远冲断-断陷叠合带为Ⅰ类远景区,即最有利的构造形变区;六安—肥西逆冲推覆-断陷叠合带为Ⅱ类远景区,即有利构造形变区;金寨—舒城逆冲-伸展叠合构造带为Ⅲ类远景区,即较有利构造形变区。     

Earthquake-related Tectonic Deformation of Soft-sediments and Its Constraints on Basin Tectonic Evolution

The authors introduced two kinds of newly found soft-sediment deformation-synsedimentary extension structure and syn-sedimentary compression structure, and discuss their origins and constraints on basin tectonic evolution. One representative of the syn-sedimentary extension structure is syn-sedimentary boudinage structure, while the typical example of the syn-sedimentary compression structure is compression sand pillows or compression wrinkles. The former shows NW-SE-trendlng contemporaneous extension events related to earthquakes in the rift basin near a famous Fe-Nb-REE deposit in northern China during the Early Paleozoic （or Mesoproterozoic as proposed by some researches）, while the latter indicates NE-SW-trending contemporaneous compression activities related to earthquakes in the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang remnant basin covering south Guizhou, northwestern Guangxi and eastern Yunnan in southwestern China. The syn-sedimentary boudinage structure was found in an earthquake slump block in the lower part of the Early Paleozoic Sailinhudong Group, 20 km to the southeast of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, north of China. The slump block is composed of two kinds of very thin layers-pale-gray micrite （microcrystalline limestone） of 1-2 cm thick interbedded with gray muddy micrite layers with the similar thickness. Almost every thin muddy micrite layer was cut into imbricate blocks or boudins by abundant tiny contemporaneous faults, while the interbedded micrite remain in continuity. Boudins form as a response to layer-parallel extension （and/or layer-perpendicular flattening） of stiff layers enveloped top and bottom by mechanically soft layers. In this case, the imbricate blocks cut by the tiny contemporaneous faults are the result of abrupt horizontal extension of the crust in the SE-NW direction accompanied with earthquakes. Thus, the rock block is, in fact, a kind of seismites. The syn-sedimentary boudins indicate that there was at least a strong earthquake belt on the southeast side of the basin during the early stage of the Sailinhudong Group. This may be a good constraint on the tectonic evolution of the Bayan Obo area during the Early Paleozoic time. The syn-sedimentary compression structure was found in the Middle Triassic flysch in the Nanpanjiang Basin. The typical structures are compression sand pillows and compression wrinkles. Both of them were found on the bottoms of sand units and the top surface of the underlying mud units. In other words, the structures were found only in the interfaces between the graded sand layer and the underlying mud layer of the flysch. A deformation experiment with dough was conducted, showing that the tectonic deformation must have been instantaneous one accompanied by earthquakes. The compression sand pillows or wrinkles showed uniform directions along the bottoms of the sand layer in the flysch, revealing contemporaneous horizontal compression during the time between deposition and diagenesis of the related beds. The Nanpanjiang Basin was affected, in general, with SSW-NNE compression during the Middle Triassic, according to the syn-sedimentary compression structure. The two kinds of syn-sedimentary tectonic deformation also indicate that the related basins belong to a rift basin and a remnant basin, respectively, in the model of Wilson Cycle.     

合肥盆地烃源岩有机质热演化历史分析

利用镜质体反射率资料及其定量恢复的合肥盆地的古地温结合伊利石结晶度测定系统研究了盆地石炭-二叠系以来的热演化史,在此基础上分析了石炭-二叠系、下侏罗系、中上侏罗系、白垩系、古近系的烃源岩有机质的热演化程度及热演化史,结果表明合肥盆地C-P系呈现为高成熟阶段,并在下侏罗统沉积之后开始进入生油门限,在上侏罗统沉积后地温曾达245℃,而在白垩纪中期(朱巷组沉积后)最大古地温度达到过305℃指示进入了过成熟阶段。下侏罗统防虎山组Ro值和伊利石结晶度也显示了较高的热演化程度,在中侏罗统沉积后开始进入生油门限,在早白垩世朱巷组沉积后达到了最高的热演化程度,最大古地温达260℃。中-上侏罗统随着下白垩统朱巷组的沉积而进入生油门限,在下白垩统沉积之后达到了最大的古地温度,分别为225℃、230℃,指示开始进入过成熟阶段,朱巷组最大埋藏温度出现在早白垩世末,达到了110～120℃,指示进入了成熟期。在上覆古近系沉积后曾达到最大古地温(110～160℃),显示进入了成熟阶段。古近系定远组未进入成熟阶段,最大古地温出现在定远组沉积之后,但小于50℃。     

南沙海域礼乐盆地油气资源潜力

礼乐盆地是南沙海域热点研究区域.为揭示该盆地油气资源潜力,依据礼乐盆地地震剖面、钻井及拖网资料,对礼乐盆地的油气成藏控制因素进行综合分析,进而探讨该盆地的油气成藏潜力.中生代和古新世－早渐新世沉积是主要烃源岩;晚渐新世礁体以及中生代风化碎屑岩是主要储层;识别出晚渐新世-早中新世礁体和中生代晚期风化剥蚀而形成的断块构造是最主要的圈闭类型.长期活动断层沟通底部中生代地层和浅层礁体,是主要的油气垂向运移输导体,控制了礼乐盆地油气的空间分布.晚中新世的菲律宾弧碰撞运动类似南海北部东沙运动,有利于排烃和油气运移,之后构造活动减弱,有利于稳定成藏.礼乐盆地具备油气成藏的6大要素条件,盆地中、东部断裂发育区是盆地油气运聚成藏的优势前景区域.